1. CITATION AND REFERENCING
NEWSPAPERS AND MAGAZINES ARTICLES
Department Of Architecture
Ahmadu Bello University Zaria

2. PRESENTERS
 U1OAT1036
 U10AT1037
 U10AT1038
 U10AT1039
 U10AT1040
 U10AT1041
 U10AT1042
 U10AT1043
 U10AT1044
 U10AT1048
 U10AT1049

3. DEFINITIONS
 CITATION: These should be included within the body of the document.
The citation contains only enough information for the reader to find the
source in the reference list. Usually, this is the name of the source's
author and the year the source was published. For example:
 REFERENCING: is the method used to ensure that research influences
are recognised in your assignments, and to show your readers
where this information came from. For example:
When testing the usability of a website, it is necessary to
gather demographic information about the users (Lazar,
2006).
Durie, M. (2003). Ngā kāhui pou: Launching Māori futures.
Wellington, New Zealand: Huia Publishers

4. DEFINITIONS
 CITATION : a citation occurs when you use a specific source in your
work and then follow up with the proper bibliographic information
 REFERENCE: is the bibliographic information that guides readers to
your source

5. PROPER CITATIONS
Citations are done generally regardless of being a newspaper or
magazine.
citation are done in different manner depending on the nature of the
article to be cited.
There are about 5 methods of citing generally, viz:
Works by a single author
 The last name of the author and the year of publication are inserted in
the text at the appropriate point. Example:
from design of urban houses (Maina, 2013)
 If the name of the author or the date appear as part of the narrative, cite
only missing information in parentheses. Example:
Maina (2013) stated that

6. PROPER CITATIONS
Works by multiple authors
 When a work has two authors, always cite both names every time the
reference occurs in the text. In parenthetical material join the names with
an ampersand (&).
as has been shown (Usman & Jibo, 2012)
 In the narrative text, join the names with the word "and."
as Usman and Jibo (2012) demonstrated
 When a work has three, four, or five authors, cite all authors the first time
the reference occurs.
Umar, Sambo, and Michael (1991) found
 In all subsequent citations per paragraph, include only the surname of
the first author followed by "et al." (Latin for "and others") and the year of
publication.
Umar et al. (1991) found

7. PROPER CITATIONS
Works by associations, corporations, government agencies, etc.
 The names of groups that serve as authors (corporate authors) are
usually written out each time they appear in a text reference.
(National Institute of Mental Health [NIMH], 2007)
 When appropriate, the names of some corporate authors are spelled out
in the first reference and abbreviated in all subsequent citations. The
general rule for abbreviating in this manner is to supply enough
information in the text citation for a reader to locate its source in the
Reference List without difficulty.
(NIMH, 2007)

8. PROPER CITATIONS
Works with no author
 When a work has no author, use the first two or three words of the
work's title (omitting any initial articles) as your text reference,
capitalizing each word. Place the title in quotation marks if it refers to an
article, chapter of a book, or Web page. Italicize the title if it refers to a
book, periodical, brochure, or report.
on climate change ("Climate and Weather," 1997)
Guide to Agricultural Meteorological Practices (1981)
 Anonymous authors should be listed as such followed by a comma and
the date.
on climate change (Anonymous, 2008)

9. PROPER CITATIONS
Specific parts of a source
 To cite a specific part of a source (always necessary for quotations),
include the page, chapter, etc. (with appropriate abbreviations) in the in-
text citation.
(Stigter & Das, 1981, p. 96)
De Waal (1996) overstated the case when he asserted that "we
seem to be reaching ... from the hands of philosophers" (p. 218).
 If page numbers are not included in electronic sources (such as Web-
based journals), provide the paragraph number preceded by the
abbreviation "para." or the heading and following paragraph.
(Mönnich & Spiering, 2008, para. 9)

10. REFERENCE LIST
 References cited in the text of a research paper must appear in a
Reference List or bibliography. This list provides the information
necessary to identify and retrieve each source. Things to note on the list
are:
 Order: Entries should be arranged in alphabetical order by authors' last names. Sources without
authors are arranged alphabetically by title within the same list.
 Authors: Write out the last name and initials for all authors of a particular work. Use an ampersand
(&) instead of the word "and" when listing multiple authors of a single work. e.g. Smith, J. D., & Jones,
M.
 Titles: Capitalize only the first word of a title or subtitle, and any proper names that are part of a title.
 Pagination: Use the abbreviation p. or pp. to designate page numbers of articles from periodicals
that do not use volume numbers, especially newspapers. These abbreviations are also used to
designate pages in encyclopedia articles and chapters from edited books.
 Indentation: The first line of the entry is flush with the left margin, and all subsequent lines are
indented (5 to 7 spaces) to form a "hanging indent".
 Underlining vs. Italics: It is appropriate to use italics instead of underlining for titles of books
and journals.

11. REFERENCE LIST
 Two additional pieces of information should be included for works
accessed online.
 Internet Address**: A stable Internet address should be included and
should direct the reader as close as possible to the actual work, use a
stable URL. If the URL is not stable, as is often the case with online
newspapers and some subscription-based databases, use the home page
of the site you retrieved the work from.
 Date: If the work is a finalized version published and dated, as in the case
of a journal article, the date within the main body of the citation is enough.
However, if the work is not dated and/or is subject to change, as in the case
of an online encyclopedia article, include the date that you retrieved the
information.

12. REFERENCE LIST
 How to reference a Newspaper in Print in APA
FORMAT:
Last, F. M. (Year, Month Date Published). Article title. Newspaper
Title, pp. Page(s)
EXAMPLE:(Single Author)
Adibe, J. (2014, Thursday 17). A nation at war with itself. Daily
Trust, p.72

14. MULTIPLE AUTHORS
Idris, H., Ibrahim, Y., Sawab, I., Wakili, I., Sule, I. K., Mutum, R., Azu, J. C., &
Agha,
E. (2014, April 17). FG under pressure to find missing girls. Daily Trust,
pp.
1, 5.

15. NO AUTHOR
GM to seek court protection against ignition suits. (2014, April
17).
Daily Trust,p. 27.

16. REFERENCE
 How to reference a Newspaper Online in APA
Last, F. M. (Year, Month Date Published). Article title. Newspaper
Title, pp. Page(s). Retrieved from URL.
Kramer, A. E. (2014, April 18). Separatist Leader Vows to Ignore Deal Reached
on Ukraine. The New York Times. Retreived from
http://www.nytimes.com/2014/04/19/world/europe/ukraine-
russia.html?hp&_r=0

18. REFERENCE
 How to reference a Magazine in Print in APA
Last, F. M. (Year, Month Published). Article title. Magazine Title,
volume(issue), pp. Page(s).
Rothbart, D. (2008, October). How I caught up with dad. Men's
Health, 108-113.

19. REFERENCE
 How to reference a Magazine online in APA
Last, F. M. (Year, Month Date Published). Article title. Magazine
Title, Page(s). Retrieved from URL
Folger, T. Higgs: What causes the weight of the world." Discover
Magazine”.
Retrieved from http://discovermagazine.com

20. HOW TO REFERENCE A MAGAZINE IN PRINT IN APA
(SINGLE PAGE)
Kabiru, s.(2012, September). Examination Malpractice:The
deadly parasite in education system. Al-Bia’h, 8.

21. HOW TO REFERENCE A MAGAZINE IN PRINT IN APA
(MULTIPLE PAGES)
Suleiman, M.F.( 2012, September). PATIENCE: THE
LIGHT TO SUCCESS. Al-Bia’h. 31-32.

22. .

23. HOW TO REFERENCE A MAGAZINE ONLINE IN
APA
 FORMAT:
Last, F. M. (Year, Month Date Published). Article
title. Magazine Title, Page(s). Retrieved from URL
 EXAMPLE:
Newman, J. (2013, January). The New Windows Ecosystem.
PC World Magazine, 13.
Retrieved from http://www.pcworld.com

25. THANKS FOR
LISTENING