New York City saw massive immigration and population growth in the 1800s, becoming the crossroads of world trade. Conflict arose as many different cultures lived together in close quarters, struggling to get along. By the mid-1800s, over 100,000 people lived in New York, and advances like the Erie Canal transformed the economy and infrastructure. However, immigrants like the Irish faced discrimination and poverty, living in overcrowded and unsanitary conditions that led to high death rates. Through the late 1800s and early 1900s, New York continued to grow as a global economic and cultural center, though periods of economic crisis caused unrest.

1. New York City: by: Angie Martinez The Crossroad of World Trade

3. Revolutionary change in the way people lived

4. 1800’s 100,000 people by 1900’s it had 50 times more

5. The canal changed everything

6. 1830 People went there to work in the factories ,offices, and work shops

7. Certain area was just commercial city, industrial by the time war started

8. .01$ news paper, 1835 James Gordon Bennett founded The Herald politically independent .. Gives the reader what they want to know… accidents of Manhattan

9. 1830s & 1840s need news paper to understand NK, very disorder place..

10. Winter of 1841, The American Museum (founded by: PhineasTaylor Barnum) opened it was a success from that day it opened… 27 yrs of business it sold 42 million tickets, 7 million more than the entire population of the US

12. 1840 more than 50,000 Germans came to the US “little Germany”

13. Ireland migrants were unskilled labors, they had the worse and toughest jobs

14. 1842 Irish also migrated, anti catholic .. Native born workers who feared for their jobs … Discrimination, “the blacks of the 18th century”

15. Americans stated to not want migrants … Americans said migrants would destroy the identify of America,

16. Ethnic conflict was already at a high point … summer of 1845 Irish migrates hits NY desperate people, potato famine .. 1.2 million leave , start dying ..

17. Sailing ships 30 days passages “coffin ships” more dead people than alive … 300 people per acre … put into competition black vs whites

18. Business man would only hire Irish labors because they can pay less and would use blacks to threaten if they wanted pay raise

19. Irish lived horrible death rate was 3 times hire than in other area

20. violence of every kinds, riots of all kinds against one n other

22. Panic in economic crisis, wall street, financial suffering made the streets quiet .. Many lost their jobs and starvation began, no social security, unemployment, medicate medical- no social net Business closed and many homeless

23. Building a park would make rich and poor socialize, rediscover humanity

24. Paid less than $1 a day, Africans were excluded from the construction so Irish wouldn’t have a conflict

25. Garden Central Park (843 acres)“Greatest work of Art” peaceful capture nature, had many rules & regulations continue…

27. April 16, 1861 Rebels had initiated civil war

28. 1863 people grew angry with the government/ long causality lists, Emancipation Proclamation made whites mad because they feel like they were fighting for the blacks to be freed

29. June 1863 war moved close to home.. Invading the north

30. July 12, 1863 draft begun

31. Angry Irish mob made the draft cancel

32. Migrants were mad because they felt lied to… they looked for improvement but they just got more suffering …. Riot lasted 3 days, they went after NY times , wall street , individual class people also black people because of there was no black n slave nothing would be happening- they went after “The People Who Caused The War,” about 119 people died in the draft riot

33. Restitution was given but 60,000 stayed in NY out of almost 2 million

34. 1863 loans to buy themselves out of war

36. 19th amendment … women's right to vote

37. NY- skyscraper capital of the world, capital of the world media

38. Stock market crashed 1929

39. 1919 before troops retuned, clerk in the US postal service mail nitroglycerin red scare politic scare to places were there was a lot of immigrants many people went on the run sent to Ellis Island and or deportation

41. Need to sell them advertise, market them .. NY is the center of image production and advertising market media

42. 1st advertising on radio was on houses

43. Modern American culture, changing behavior so that people will buy product

44. The roaring 20’s… selling images

45. Jazz .. Africans most exciting music

46. 1924 Africans had never hit in NY except for now some of the most talented artists

47. American musical theater

48. Many abused the life style, didn’t balance the ambition and success

49. Social welfare, dream to help his people election 1928 Herbert Hoover

50. Al Smith was very unfamiliar, small towns did not like him , liberal views,

52. stock crash, 1929 Oct. 1929 black Tuesday, 14 billion lost in the market value, in the weeks 30 billion

53. 1030’s The Great Depression followed

54. The Empire State building president Al Smith coming after the crash of the skyscraper … the beams were being assembled in Pittsburg, put on a train, then on ship to get to destination point, arrival was 15 hrs after production, still hot to the touch

55. 6 men died in the construction, 3x the material from Chrysler building and Empire building was the fastest to be constructed- 13 months, May 1 1931

57. AOL Time Warner question New York Cities’ position as cultural and economic center, it was believe that rapid economic growth was due to the arrival of cable television, personal computers and the Internet.

58. New York’s key success to dominate that economy was to build the Erie Canal, which lead New York to control the exports of the U.S. to Europe and the triangle trade, which allowed New York's to control the cotton trade between the South and England

59. New York’s economy power rose due to the discovery of electricity and the invention of the telephone, motion pictures, wireless radio and television

60. New York was facing a positional challenged by the commercial development but instead they benefited from advertisements that other regions would do

61. New York could not dominate U.S. trade… now companies that control are the ones that have access to digital communities and networks creating a new way to reach viewers or consumers- the Internet …

62. Southern California, the Bay Area and Seattle want to join New York in the AOL-Time Warner they don’t want to loose out in the opportunity of rising

63. AOL /Time Warner have not the biggest brand names in the Internet and e-commerce in the West … (Yahoo and Amazon.com are)

65. Chinese, Japanese, and Indian migrant workers can be traced as far as Hawaii, Peru, and California

66. Europeans came to the New World for various reasons Nugent's says most for economic opportunity.

67. Villagers migrated in groups following relatives/ neighbors who had found work and that had a similar life stile

68. Unlike Irish famine exodus & Jewish refugee migration, migrant workers were most males and 1 out of 3 would return home because of unsatisfactory work of they had made enough money to invest in a land or a business

69. Most US immigrants were Europeans… wanted immigrants to adapt to American culture

71. Anti-immigrant led to a restrictive quota law of 1924 and the Great Depression slowed European newcomers to drop

72. Migration continued after 1914 it continued slow flow because World War I

73. 1920 restrictive laws passed in several countries

74. Migration continued in 1870 when steamships almost completely replaced sailing ships. the voyage from the British to North America took 4-6 weeks which was high risk for disease catching … many people died 10% and even up to 25% government-imposed health and sanitary regulations and faster shipGreat Depression World War 1

76. two major German companies, Hamburg-Amerika line; "HAPAC," out of Hamburg & Norddeutsche Lloyd; out of Bremen sailed almost every week to NY

79. The last 10yrs of the 19th Century the fast growing city in the US probably in the world was Chicago

81. 1878 Chicago go its 1st telephone switchboard… Thomas Edison invented the electric lamp in 1879 2 yrs later electric lights were installed in a railroad-car factory on Chicago's Far South Side, and in Prairie Avenue mansion, cable cars in 1881

82. After 1888 Chicago used electric trolleys.

84. Chicago, was the 1st to used iron-framed building for the upper floors in 1890,

85. 1892 the steel-framed was used for Masonic Temple Building, 302 ft. 22 stories (designed by Daniel Burnham and John Root, same architects who designed Monadnock)

87. The world's 1st Ferris wheel 1893, 250 feet in diameter and carrying 1,500 passengers at any time was in Chicago (Burnham was the architecture “chief of construction”)

88. “Louis Sullivan built the beautiful Transportation Building; George B. Post built the largest of the exhibition halls & the Manufacturers Building; Charles B. Atwood designed the train station & of Fine Arts

89. Architectural historian William H. Wilson said the term "City Beautiful" was born in 1900 to descried the urban improvement

90. Chicago’s building codes changed from 200 feet to buildings them as high as the wanted to built them

91. During the 1920s, North Michigan Avenue became one of Chicago’s tallest and most spectacular buildings

92. The last tall building to be built was in 1920 the Union Carbide & Carbon Corporation Building (40 stories)