9. Modern Cell Theory 3. All basic chemical & physiological functions are carried out inside the cells.(movement, digestion,etc) 4. Cell activity depends on the activities of sub-cellular structures within the cell(organelles, nucleus, plasma membrane)
29. Transport Across Membranes: PASSIVE DIFFUSION The movement of molecules or ions from a region where they are at a high concentration to a region of lower concentration
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43. Mitochondria * site of cellular respiration * POWERHOUSE OF A CELL Where energy is released from nutrients * there are MANY in a single cell * has two layers, makes up a double membrane
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45. certain organelles originated as free-living bacteria that were taken inside another cell as endosymbionts . Mitochondria developed from proteobacteria Can replicate itself: BINARY FISSION ENDOSYMBIOSIS
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50. Chloroplasts chloroplasts in plant cell cross section of leaf leaves chloroplast absorb sunlight & CO 2 make energy & sugar chloroplasts contain chlorophyll CO 2
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53. Nucleus * surrounded by a nuclear membrane * only found in EUKARYOTES * contains genetic material (DNA) in the form of chromosomes that controls the activities of the cell * serves as the information and administrative center of the cell
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57. Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER) - a series of interconnecting channels associated with storage, synthesis, and transport of substances within the cell two types: A) rough --the 'ER' studded with ribosomes B) smooth --the 'ER' without any ribosomes
65. Vacuole " a "space" in a cell that contains water or other materials; usually for storage A) food vacuoles--store food B) contractile vacuoles-- squeeze out excess water
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68. Lysosome “ Suicidal bags of the cell” a vacuole that contains digestive enzymes; helps in the process of nutrition by breaking down nutrients in the cell