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adobe photoshop cs
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PHOTOSHOP FULL GUIDE
1
2. Table of contents
Basic concepts………………....................…….................…slide 3
Basic photo manipulation …....................………………..….slide 13
2
Creating transparent backgrounds, saving transparent images,
transparency dither
Layers……………………………....................…………..…..slide 51
Rotation, adjustments, the dodge-burn-sponge tools, the clone tool, the
filters menu
Transparency……………....................……..........................slide 46
New image dialogue box, pencil and paintbrush tools, paintbucket and
gradient tools, saving as .gifs, dither
Adjusting/retouching photos……....................……………..slide 37
Opening, cropping, resizing, saving as .jpeg
Creating new images………………....................…..……….slide 26
What is Photoshop?, other options, types of image files, The Photoshop
workspace (toolbox, options bar, palettes)
Layer basics, moving layers, naming layers, copying layers, compositing
images, transforming layers, layer via copy/cut, adding text
Other resources……………….............................................slide 61
3. Basic concepts
What is Photoshop?, other options,
types of image files, The Photoshop
workspace (toolbox, options bar,
palettes)
3
4. What is Photoshop?
4
Image editing program
Shows images as bitmaps
Bitmap = arrangement of dots (pixels) on grid
Don’t confuse bitmap with file type called .bmp - just a
descriptive term
Pixel = “Picture element” - smallest unit of an image
Size of pixel depends on resolution
Typical web image: 72 dpi
Typical print image: 300 dpi or hgher
End result can be saved in variety of ways: .bmp,
.jpeg, .gif, .tif
5. Other options
5
Adobe Elements (basic, cheaper version of
PShop) - $79
Corel Paintshop Pro - $79 (similar to
Elements)
MS Photodraw/ PhotoEditor – often free
Software that comes with digital camera
6. Types of image files 1
6
.psd
Native Photoshop file, usually needs to be saved as other type
New images, layered images start as .psd
.gif
Good for web, used for simple images, large eras of flat color
Often good for B & W
Supports transparency
Lossless
.jpeg
Good for web, used for photos or complex coloration (e.g. –
gradients)
Slightly longer to download (decompression time)
Lossy
Doesn’t support transparency
7. Types of image files 2
7
.png
Good for web, best of both worlds (lossless, supports complex
photographs)
Not supported by older browsers (pre IE 4, NN 6)
Wait for all browsers to catch up before using
.tif
Good for print media
Can be imported by most apps (QuarkX, Pagemaker, InDesign)
Large file sizes (but compressible)
Can supports layers
.bmp
Simple grid of pixels
Uncompressed, large file sizes
Can be imported by almost all apps
8. Color modes
Image, Modes
RGB is almost always best bet
Default choice
CMYK for high end professional printers
Grayscale for B&W
Index greatly reduces file size
IMPORTANT: If Photoshop is not allowing you to use a
tool, change mode from index to RGB
8-bit is usually adequate
It’s per channel, so you’re actually talking about 24 bit
image in RGB mode
16-bit only for very high resolution pictures
8
Very large file size
10. The toolbox
Commonly used tools arranged as icons
Triangle in lower right means multiple
tools are nested there
Paintbucket icon
10
Expanded: Gradient and paintbucket tools
Left-click the icon and hold down the
button to see all tools nested there
11. The options palette
Just below the Menu choices
Changes depending on which tool you’ve
chosen from the toolbox
Options palette for paintbucket tool
11
Allows greater control of that tool by changing
settings
12. The palettes
19 palettes available from the Windows menu
Only need a few up all the time
Toolbox (already discussed)
Options (already discussed)
Layers
History
12
One of the main reasons Photoshop is so versatile
Layer images on top of other images – mix text, photos, shapes by
superimposing them
Ctrl + Z only works for the last thing you did
History palette lets you go “back in time” step by step - particularly
useful when you’re first learning Photoshop, so you can back out of a
bad decision
Pull up others (e.g. Character for text, Styles for special
effects) as needed
14. Opening an image: the file browser
If you know exact name of file…
For large libraries of images, or nondescriptive file names…
14
File, Open
Web sites often have huge numbers of images
1 images folder – gets bigger and bigger
Window, File browser
Gives thumbnail of every picture in folder
Allows fast ways to browse, sort, flag, rotate,
delete, etc.
16. Cropping an image 1
Bring up image
Choose cropping tool
Left-click and drag to define crop
area
16
File, Open (if you know the name of
file)
Window, File Browser (to see
thumbnails of all images in a folder)
Uncropped area will be shaded
Don’t have to be perfect
Use sizing boxes to fine-tune crop
area
17. Cropping an image 2
When you’re happy with crop, doubleclick inside it
The cropped image will be displayed
Rename the image (so you don’t
overwrite original image) and save it
17
Cursor will change to solid black triangle
AFTER you’ve saved it, when Photoshop asks
if you want to save changes, say “no” (it’s
counter-intuitive, but you’ve already saved a
version of your image)
We’ll discuss save options in a few minutes
18. Resizing an image 1
For web: smaller image = smaller file size =
faster download time
Also lower file size by compressing when saving
Web images are measured in pixels
Actual size depends on resolution
Design with 800 x 600 in mind
18
640 x 480 (1%)*
800 x 600 (29%)*
1024 x 768 and higher (68%)*
Your specific audience might skew higher or lower
*these numbers are notoriously hard to track accurately
19. Resizing an image 2
Images will not necessarily be
shown actual size in Photoshop
Look at title bar to see percentage
Ctrl and + to zoom in
Ctrl and – to zoom out
19
Magnifying glass in toolbar does
this too (more cumbersome, but
good for zooming in on the specific
area you click)
View menu, Actual Pixels will also
take you to 100%
20. Resizing an image 3
Image menu, Image Size
Make sure “Constrain
proportions” is checked to
avoid stretching
20
Link icon appears
Change width (in pixels),
height will automatically
change
Use document size box for
print (set in inches, not pixels)
Save as new file name, so as
not to overwrite original image
21. Saving images 1
General rule:
Goal is to find a compromise between file size and
image quality
21
Photos, complex images save as .jpegs
Cartoonish images with large areas of flat color save as
.gifs
Many exceptions, so try both options and compare side by
side (using 2-up or 4-up)
.png is not supported by all browsers, so try to avoid
Transparency supported by .gif, but not .jpeg
Lower file size = lower image quality
22. Saving images 2
After you’ve cropped, resized,
adjusted
File, Save for web
Dialogue box appears
22
ImageReady is another option (icon at
bottom of toolbox)
IR doesn’t help that much with simple
images (use for animation, links, rollovers
– web specific tasks)
Choose 4-Up tab at top
23. Save for Web dialogue box 1
23
4 versions of
picture
Allows side-byside comparison
of different
settings
Use these
controls to
change settings
24. Save for Web dialogue box 2
24
Ctrl and + or – will
allow you to zoom
in or out
L-Click and drag
allows you to drag
image around
Download time
under all 4
versions:
CRUCIAL piece of
info
25. Saving .jpegs
Use this pulldown to switch between
jpeg and gif
Use this slider to adjust quality
25
Higher quality = larger file size
Often get by with 15-20 for web use
Zoom in and drag around to look for
“artifacts”
Little blemishes caused by
compression process, often in areas
of flat color
Adding a little blur with this slider
sometimes masks artifacts or poor
image quality
Don’t overdo it!
26. Creating new images
New image dialogue box, pencil and
paintbrush tools, paintbucket and
gradient tools, saving as .gifs, dither
26
27. New image dialogue box
27
Width, height in pixels,
inches, cm, etc.
Resolution: 72 ppi for
web work,300 or higher
for print
Color mode: RGB best
default, grayscale for
B&W, CMYK for highend print work
Background content:
transparent for gifs only,
background color needs
to be set beforehand
28. The pencil and paintbrush tools
Left-click and hold down icon to choose
28
Pencil has hard edges
Brush has feathered edges
Brush pulldown in options bar controls
diameter, hardness
Brush palette
has presets for
stars, leaves, grass,
etc.
29. The color picker 1
29
On toolbox
Flips background and foreground
Foreground color picker
Background color picker
Default (in this case B&W)
Click background or foreground to bring up
color picker
30. The color picker 2
30
Color slider
Color field
Field/slider combo
gives you access to
all colors
Numeric color values
Web safe colors
option (important!)
You can sample
colors with the CP
eyedropper
31. The paintbucket tool 1
Left-click and hold down to choose between
paintbucket and gradient
Paintbucket is for solid fill backgrounds and patterns
Select proper layer, choose paintbucket, click on
area to fill
31
Solid fill – choose color from options bar
Patterns – lots to chose from: cloth and paper textures,
nature images (rocks, flowers), abstract patterns
Can’t paint a background – change to layer first
Tolerance and opacity on options bar
32. The paintbucket tool 2
For patterned backgrounds
32
Change Fill box from Foreground to Pattern in
options bar
Use Pattern box pulldown to see patterns to use
Use this button to bring up more pattern choices
Select your pattern, choose layer, click on image
33. The gradient tool
Gradient = gradual transition between two or more
colors
Choose gradient tool, choose preset from options
bar
“Draw” gradient with a left click and drag
33
Starting and stopping points and direction of dragged line
will define gradient
Use History panel to back up, try again
Click on Gradient box in toolbar to create own
gradient
34. Custom gradients
34
Preset gradients are
here
Click on these boxes to
change opacity (for a
fade to transparency)
Click on these to change
color of gradient
Slide them to change
when gradient ends
This changes midpoint
of transition
35. Saving .gifs 1
File, Save for web, 4-Up
tab (just like .jpegs)
Can have between 2 and
256 colors
35
More colors = larger file size
Control # of colors with this
pulldown
36. Saving gifs: dither
Dither diffuses color
boundaries by mixing
pixels together
Good for preventing
“banding” in gradients and
shading
Turn it on using this
pulldown (diffusion is
usually best bet)
Set amount of dither, from
0 to 100
36
Don’t overdo it – can create
graininess
38. Rotation
38
Image menu, Rotate canvas
180o, 90o clockwise or counter
Flip horizontal or vertical
Arbitrary is for specific number
of degrees (not really arbitrary
at all!)
Bring up grid (View menu,
Show, Grid) for more accuracy
39. Adjustments 1
Image menu, adjustments allows
you to fine-tune image (or sections
of image)
LOTS of options
Adjust levels, color balance,
brightness, contrast
Contrast and Color have both auto and
manual options
Levels limits the range of pixels being
used (auto-levels lets P-Shop do it)
39
Very useful tool
Auto option available as well
40. Adjustments 2
40
To adjust just a section of photo, use the
marquee or lasso tool to select section, then
adjust (upper-left in toolbox)
Marquee for squares/rectangles and
circles/ellipses
Lasso for irregular sections
Regular lasso for freehand (need good
mouse skills)
Polygonal for point to point (I recommend
this)
“Magnetic” lasso for P-Shop to decide
(based on change in pixel value)
Tip: Little circle in lower right of cursor lets you
know you’re done; quit before that and PShop
will just keep drawing lasso
Marquee tools
Lasso tools
41. Dodge/burn/sponge tools
Dodge – lightens an area
Burn – darkens an area
Sponge – saturates or desaturates color
41
Mode box in options bar determines saturate or desaturate
For Dodge/Burn, keep exposure low (20-30), use
multiple passes
For Sponge, keep flow low, use multiple passes
Use history palette to “back up” if you go too far
42. The clone tool 1
Really fun!
“Clones” pixels from one area of your image
and places them in another
VERY useful for repair and retouching
Select Clone stamp tool from Toolbox
Bring up image
42
Hold down Alt key – cursor turns to
crosshairs
43. The clone tool 2
Move cursor to general area you want to clone from
(make sure there’s room on all sides)
With Alt key still held down, left-click to select clone
area
Left-click and drag to paint cloned pixels onto new
area
43
Cross marks where you are sampling from – will move as
your cursor moves
Re-sample clone pixels as needed
Change brush size in options bar as needed
Takes practice, but a very useful tool
44. Filters 1
Almost as fun as the clone tool!
Over 100 effects to choose from
Some are subtle, some bizarre
Filter gallery is best approach:
44
Allows you to quickly tour all filters
Shows preview on left as you
adjust variables
47. Creating transparent backgrounds 1
Bring up image
L-click and hold down eraser tool to
get all options
Choose Magic Eraser tool
Set tolerance to 5 in options bar (a
starting point)
Anti-alias should be checked (gets rid
of “jaggies” on edges)
47
Need a flat color background
Uncheck contiguous to make insides of
letters transparent
48. Creating transparent backgrounds 2
Click on background
Background will disappear, checkerboard
will appear
If some background remains, Ctrl + Z,
raise tolerance
If some logo is gone, Ctrl + Z, lower
tolerance
If you get Ø symbol, change image
mode from index to RGB
48
No checkerboard in actual image
Image menu, choose Mode, choose RGB
49. Saving .gifs: transparency dither
Only .gifs support
transparency
Turn on transparency here
Turn on transparency dither
here (diffusion usually best)
% of transparency dither
49
Background will be
checkerboard
Again, don’t go crazy
51. Layers
Layer basics, moving layers, naming
layers, copying layers, compositing
images, transforming layers, layer via
copy/cut, adding text
51
52. Layer basics 1
Layers are like sheets of glass
stacked on top of each other
From top to bottom:
52
Text layer
Text effect/Drop shadow
Photo at left
Gray background
L-click and drag layers to move
them up or down
53. Layer basics 2
Visibility off/on toggle
Selected layer
effects
53
New layer/Drag
here to copy
Drag here to delete
54. Layer basics 3
Name your layers with a descriptive name
Right-click a layer and choose “layer properties”
You can left-click right inside the name to change
it too
The “color” pulldown allows you to color code you
layers
54
Good organization technique for complex images
55. Compositing two images 1
You can save a layer from one image directly
into another image
Fast effective way to composite two images
Right-click on layer, select Duplicate Layer
55
Destination document must be open as well
Choose destination document from pull-down
56. Compositing two images 2
You can drag layers from one image to another
Both images must be open
56
Select Move tool from toolbox
L-click and drag
You’ll see new layer in layer palette
Drag multiple times to create “clone” images
If it doesn’t work, make sure both images are in RGB mode
Fine-tune position by using arrow keys to move it to correct
spot
57. Transforming layers
Use transform to manipulate a layer within an
image, not entire image
Use sizing boxes or Options bar
57
Select layer to transform
Edit menu, Transform
Resize, rotate, flip, etc.
If resizing, use Scale command
Click chain link in options bar to keep width/height
ratio intact
58. Layer via copy or cut
You can select a section of a layer, then copy
or cut the selection into new layer
58
Use Marquee or Lasso tool to make a selection
Right-click
Choose “Layer via copy” or “Layer via cut”
59. Adding text
Choose text tool
Two ways to begin:
Use Options bar for basic manipulation
59
Click once on image for insertion point, begin typing, or…
L-click and drag to define text area, then start typing
Text options can all be changed after the fact – highlight
text, then change settings on Options bar
Font type, style, size, anti-alias type, alignment, color
60. Character palette
For more advanced manipulation
Window menu, Character
Particularly useful for squeezing text or
spreading it out
Kerning – space
between 2 letters (on
either side of cursor)
Vertical scale –
adjusts height of type
Upper/lower case,
sub/super script, etc.
60
Leading – space
between lines
Tracking – space
between all letters
Horizontal scale –
adjusts width of type
61. Other resources
Websites:
Photoshop training videos
ImageReady training videos
http://www.ext.colostate.edu/iready/
Photoshop and ImageReady CDs
Same material as website, larger screen size
Email me and ask for them
61
http://www.ext.colostate.edu/pshop/
jwood@coop.ext.colostate.edu
Notes de l'éditeur
Read it
Takr a picture and zoom way in! (ctrl and +)
Elements has less you can do with layers and vector graphics – all basic photo manip and drawing are there
Paintshop – wordperfect folks
Photodraw, camera software allows jpeg and gif, resizing, cropping, flip/rotate
Read it
Read it
Read it – have IMPORTANT tattooed on your arm!
Switch from pp to screen – everyone open it up
Point out more obvious tools
Have everyone l-click and hold on paintbucket
Choose different tools – watch options change
Pull up windows menu
Toolbox and options already checked – also 3 others are checked
Bring up layers, history – lose all others
Layers palette is VERY useful in compositing images, adding backgrounds, text, logos, etc
History palette is your BEST FRIEND – back out of a bad decision one step at a time (if only that were true in life!)
File, open is often inadequate – web sites, photo archives have TONS of images, not always descriptively named (or have several similarly named versions of same image)
Take file browser to materials folder – thumbnails!
Point out navigation pane
Point out sort
Flag certain pix –
Edit, select all flag, rotate – or open
I don’t use metadata, but it allows you to add lots of info to photo using xml
(actually, I drag down preview and metadata windows to make nav pane that much easier to use)
Bring up crop & resize pic
Choose crop tool
Click and drag – do it badly on purpose
Fine tune with sizing boxes
D-click it
Save with diff name (Save As)
Close original – just say NO! – it’s counterintuitive
We’ll talk about saving options shortly
Some quick web design stuff:
You are going to be doing this A LOT
Small is good – for web, crop to lose as much of background as possible – get up as close as you can
900 pixel width of content means a third of viewers have to scroll left to right – it’s annoying
You’ve got scrollbars too – so design with 750-ish in mind
Banner photo – 700-750 pix wide
Photo + wrapped text on page – 300 pix wide
Little photo with an article – 100 pix wide
Height is less important – people are used to scrolling down – and you can use the wheely thing on your mouse
Look at our picture’s title bar – it’s not shown at real size
CTRL + or - to raise or lower
Mag glass also works (too cumbersome unless you’re zooming in – we’ll do that later)
View, actual pix works too
Contrain proportions before you do anything
300 width – height will change
Lower box is for print – inches (though resolution will be a factor in actual size of printed photo)
Cropped, resized, we’re ready to save
Photos = jpg
Cartoons = gifs
Often surprizing exceptions, so look at both – PShop makes it very easy
Don’t use pings
If there are transparent bits, use gifs
***brokering a compromise between file size and quality! – you will do this a lot!
File, Save for Web
IReady is very cool – animate, rollovers, image maps, multi-state buttons (my site at end of PP has a bunch of lessons)
Jpeg/gif
Don’t bother with high/medium/low – use quality slider
Go real low – zoom in – look for artifacts – Blur will help a little
Draw Apple tree picture
Add background
Add pattern background
Add a gradient
Let do a 300 x 500 px image
72 res (standard for web)
RGB, 8 bit
White b-ground
Bring up the paintbrush
Set size
Draw – notice the color is the color in the color picker
Slide the slider and the field changes – black in lower left, white in upper right, all colors in between them
Numeric values – RGB, CMYK, and IMPORTANTLY – hex codes for web (how to survive color blindness – way to match colors easily – how the web defines color)
Web safe colors off – continuous color field – web safe colors on – boxes of colors
If you have an image up in PShop – move your cursor to it and sample it!
VERY COOL!
****Go to next page for lesson****
Turn off ground layer, flower layer
Choose a blue background (TURN ALL LAYERS OFF) – paint it
Turn flower/ground back on!
Change to pattern – paint it
Back up in history panel
Draw a gradient – left to right
Now draw right to left – notice how the transition stops and starts with your l-clicks
Draw on the diagonal
Draw all 5 patterns on toolbar
Skip this slide – it’s here so if you want to customize a gradient you can
Use the history panel to choose gradient, background color, or pattern
Use navy photo
rotate photo for rotate
Use scanned photo – dadfleetwood – for arbitrary
Flip it around
Bring up grid
Color balance, brightness and contrast are self evident – figure it out yourself
Bring up Jesse to work with levels
Watch me do this – we’ll use these tools later, tho
Use which image?
Use burn example
Erase fold in fleetwood
read
Use shay pic – let them play
Use CSU logo
Csu logo
Took logo, used magic eraser at 0 tolerence (set at 5-10 it’s much less noticeable)
64 colors, no dither on both images
Only difference is trans. Dither turned on in 2nd one
Use cats on mars – add headline for text?
Use web header