This is a power point on mangroves which my group and I had to be inquirers and we had to research in dept

1. If mangroves
disappear, will
life as we know it
go with them?
By Adele, Jun Eon, Sammy, and Zim

2. What are mangroves?
• Tropical plants that are adapted to loose, wet soil,
salt water, and being periodically submerged by
tides
• 80 species of mangroves found throughout world
• Fast-growing trees that can reach up to 25 meters
• Unique because they can thrive in all types of
water:
o Poor in oxygen content
o Salt water
o Brackish water
o Fresh water

3. Types of Mangroves
• Red mangroves are known for their aerial root
formations
• Black mangroves’ roots are tubular bristles that trap
oxygen
• White mangroves are short and have arching roots
Red Mangroves Black Mangroves White Mangroves

4. Where are mangroves?
• Mangroves are found in 118 countries and territories
all over the world
• 42% of mangroves are located in Australia, 21% in
Africa, 15% in North/Central America, 12% in
Oceania, and 11% in South America
• Dominate 75% of coastlines

5. Biodiversity
• Mangroves occupy the intertidal zone and support a
great number of plants and animals (including
endangered mammals, reptiles, amphibians, and birds)
• Australia’s mangroves have the fourth highest
biodiversity of any country in the world
Manatee
Proboscis Monkey Red-vented Cockatoo

6. Environmental Benefits
• Serve as feeding, breeding, and nursing grounds for
fish, shellfish, birds, and other wildlife
• Fine particles of sand get trapped in the roots of the
mangroves plants and eventually build up new land
• Protect coastal areas from erosion
• Trap and cycle organic materials, chemical
elements, and nutrients
• Produce tannic acid, which aids in preserving coral
reefs

7. Economical Benefits
• An estimated 75% of game fish and 90% of commercial
species in South Florida depend on the mangroves
• Lessen impact of tsunamis, typhoons, and storm surges
on coastal settlements
• Bark is used for dyes
• Produce durable, water resistant wood for houses, boats,
and furniture
• Some types of wood can be used to make charcoal
• Leaves can make tea, medicine, and livestock feed, as
well as be smoked as a substitute for tobacco
• Flowers are used in honey industry

8. Statistics
• Most losses relating to mangroves are linked directly or
indirectly to humans
• Since 1960, nearly 60-80% of original mangrove forest
cover has been lost
• Experts believe that the services mangroves provide for
us will vanish in 100 years
• The global loss of mangroves is 7 million hectares per
year—higher than other tropical forests and coral reefs
This photo shows an area in Timor-Leste where
trash is frequently dumped and mangroves are cut
down. As a result, the wildlife and plants are
severely threatened due to loss of habitat and
environmental pollutants.

10. Destruction by Humanity
• Urbanization: mangroves are cleared to make room for
human inhabitation
• Agriculture: people destroy mangroves and build
embankments to construct rice paddies or plant
coconut trees
• Cutting for timber, fuel, and charcoal
• Prevention of freshwater and tidal flow: people build
barricade constructions to divert water for irrigation
• Oil pollution
• Dumping grounds for solid wastes
• Mining for tin
• Artificial shrimp ponds

11. Natural Destruction
• Tropical storms
• Top dying fungal disease
• Biological pests and parasites
• Excessive flooding
• Nutrient imbalance
• Sea levels rising
This graph shows the global sea level rise.
As the water level increases mangroves are
forced to adapt and alter their structures or
drown.

12. Taking Action
• The public is becoming more aware of the value and
importance of mangroves
• Governments are creating laws to protect mangroves
o In 1996 Florida passed the “Mangrove Trimming and Preservation Act”
o Six West African countries came together to sign the “Mangrove Charter and
Action Plan”
• Organizations
o Wetlands International works to “engage communities, governments and
private sector to halt negative impacts, introduce sustainable production
techniques and develop national and regional policies and action plans for
their conservation”
o International Tropical Timber Organization
• Reforestation: coastal communities collaborate to plant
new mangrove plants and manage them more
effectively

13. Thailand
• The Thai Prime Minister has invested 3 billion baht in
reforestation and preservation activities
• OISCA Thailand educates villagers about the
importance of protecting the mangroves
• Sustainable tourism/eco-tourism
A mangrove nursery project
developed by OISCA Thailand.

14. Outlook
• To answer the question, yes, the lives of humans,
especially those living in coastal regions, will be very
different if mangroves disappear
• People’s livelihoods—for example, fishing—will be
wiped out
• Buildings will have to be constructed to withstand
tsunamis, storm surges, and typhoons without the
protection of mangroves
• Coastal areas will erode more quickly, and no new
land will build up
• Coastal organisms’ habitats and coral reefs will
vanish

15. You can help save Thailand’s mangroves,
too! Join the OMG (Ocean & Marine
Guardians) iChoice, or participate in
mangrove reforestation along the coast.

16. Sources
• "What Are Mangroves?" MangroveWatch Australia. MangroveWatch, 2010. Web. 10 Oct. 2012.
<http://www.mangrovewatch.org.au/index.php?option=com_content&view=category&layout=blog&id=52&Ite
mid=300137>.
• "The World's Best Photos." Flickr Hive Mind. Flickr, n.d. Web. 10 Oct. 2012.
<http://flickrhivemind.net/Tags/gulf,wwwgladespixcom/Interesting>.http://www.fhwa.dot.gov/environment/wildlif
eprotection/index.cfm?fuseaction=home.viewPhotos&articleID=88
• Kumar, N. Shiva. "Wetland Wonderland." Sci-Tech. The Hindu, 23 Sept. 2012. Web. 10 Oct. 2012.
<http://www.thehindu.com/sci-tech/energy-and-environment/wetland-wonderland/article3926750.ece>.
• "Endangered Mangroves." Dawn.com. InpaperMagazine, 8 Apr. 2012. Web. 10 Oct. 2012.
<http://dawn.com/2012/04/08/endangered-mangroves/>.
• "Animals of the Disappearing Mangroves: Scientific American Slideshows." Scientific American Slideshows.
Scientific American, 3 July 2009. Web. 10 Oct. 2012.
<http://www.scientificamerican.com/slideshow.cfm?id=animals-of-the-mangroves>.
• "White Mangrove." Florida Forest Trees. SFRC, n.d. Web. 10 Oct. 2012.
<http://www.sfrc.ufl.edu/4h/White_mangrove/whitmang.htm>.
• "MANGROVE DESTRUCTION." Mangrove.org. Mangrove.org, 2012. Web. 10 Oct. 2012.
<http://mangrove.org/video/destruct.html>.
• "List of Mangrove Ecoregions." Wikipedia. Wikimedia Foundation, 10 June 2012. Web. 10 Oct. 2012.
<http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_mangrove_ecoregions>.
• Kathiresan, K. "Threats to Mangroves." Ocw.unu.edu. Centre of Advanced Study in Marine Biology, n.d. Web. 10
Oct. 2012. <http://ocw.unu.edu/international-network-on-water-environment-and-health/unu-inweh-course-1-
mangroves/Degradation-and-destruction-of-mangroves.pdf>.
• “ Mangroves’ - The International Tropical Timber Organization (ITTO)." Mangroves - The International Tropical
Timber Organization "Thailand." -(ITTO). N.p., n.d. Web. 10 Oct. 2012. <http://www.itto.int/feature07/>.
• "Thail and." Oisca. N.p., n.d. Web. 10 Oct. 2012. <http://www.oisca-
international.org/projects/default.aspx?cid=220>
• "Current Sea Level Rise." Wikipedia. Wikimedia Foundation, 10 Sept. 2012. Web. 10 Oct. 2012.
<http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Current_sea_level_rise>.
• "Thailand Mangrove Forest." Mangrove Forest Habitat in Tropical Thailand. N.p., n.d. Web. 10 Oct. 2012.
<http://www.kohphrathong.com/thailand_mangrove.html>.
• "Mangrove Forest Decline and Its Effect on Coral Reefs." SECOORA. N.p., n.d. Web. 10 Oct. 2012.
<http://secoora.org/classroom/observing_overview/educators_interview_scientists/mangrove_forest_decline>.