3. Stop-frame
• Stop-frame animation is the type of animation
that involves an object physically moved by a
person after a photo is taken then moved again
before another photo is taken, once the photos
are put in order it creates the illusion of
movement. Another term for this kind of
animation is called Clay-animation when a clay
figure is used and is made to look like the figure is
moving. Many famous animated films have used
this technique such as Chicken Run and Wallace
and Gromit.
4.
5.
6. Frame Rates
• Frame rates is the speed at which an animation is
played across a “timeline” once all the photos are
put in order.
• It is measured in the number of frames displayed
per second for example: - 8 frames per second is
a frame rate that's too slow, this means the
animation might not appear to be smooth but if
you had 24 frames per second it will create the
illusion that you have filmed it happening in real
life this relates to the persistence of vision
7. Persistence Of Vision
• Persistence of vision is the phenomenon of the eye by which an afterimage is
thought to persist for approximately one twenty-fifth of a second on the retina.
• The discovery of persistence of vision is attributed to the Roman poet Lucretius,
although he only mentions it in connection with images seen in a dream. In the
modern era, some stroboscopic experiments performed by Peter Mark Roget in
1824 were also cited as the basis for the theory. (info found from Wikipedia)
• The Zoetrope was one of the first forms of animation to support the ‘Persistence
Of Vision’ theory along with the ‘flip book’. The Zoetrope in Greek means ‘Wheel
Of Life’
• The zoetrope consists of a cylinder with slits cut in the sides. Beneath the slits on
the inner cylinder is a band which has either individual frames from a video/film or
images from a set of drawings or photographs. As the cylinder spins, the user looks
through the slits at the pictures on the opposite side of the cylinder. The scanning
of the slits keeps the pictures from simply blurring together so that the user sees it
as a short film looking as if it is moving.
8.
9. Cut out animation
• ‘Cut out’ animation is a technique for producing
animations using flat characters, props and
backgrounds cut from materials such as paper, card or
even photographs.
• Today, cut out-style animation is frequently produced
using computers, with scanned images taking the place
of physically cut materials (for example: - south park
used to just use paper cut outs, now they use the
paper cut outs for the backgrounds and the outline of
the characters then scan them into the computer and
finish the episodes from there)
12. Ray Harryhausen
• After having seen King Kong for the first of many times in 1933,
Harryhausen spent his early years experimenting in the production of
animated shorts.
• A friend arranged a meeting with Harryhausen's idol, Willis O'Brien,
animator of King Kong. O'Brien critiqued Harryhausen's early models
and inspired him to take classes in graphic arts and sculpture to hone
his skills.
• Harryhausen also produced a variety of other short animation demos
during the post-World War II 1940s. He put together a demo reel of his
various projects and showed them to Willis O'Brien, who eventually
hired him as an assistant animator on what turned out to be
Harryhausen's first major film, Mighty Joe Young in1949. O'Brien
ended up solving the various technical problems, leaving most of the
animation up to Harryhausen.
• Their work won O'Brien the Academy Award for Best Special Effects
that year.
13.
14. Tim Burton
• Burton was born in 1958, in the city of Burbank,
California, to Jean Burton (the owner of a cat-themed
gift shop) and Bill Burton(a former minor league
baseball player who would later work for the Burbank
Park and Recreation Department) As a young man,
Burton would make short films in his backyard on
Evergreen Street using stop motion animation
techniques. (One of his most famous juvenile films is
‘The Island of Doctor Agor’, that he made when he was
13 years old.)
• Later in his career he then created many films like: -
The Nightmare Before Christmas, James And The Giant
Peach, Edward Scissor Hands and many others.
15.
16. Walt Disney
• Walt Disney is the most famous out of all the animators
known to the world (well, that's my opinion) he is
known for starting the ‘Walt Disney Company’ and for
creating the most loved Disney character Mickey
Mouse who started off as a black and white cartoon
and is now alive with colour.
• After the death of Walt Disney caused by lung cancer in
1966, his brother Roy Disney started construction of
the Walt Disney resort in Florida.
• The type of animation MAINLY used by Walt Disney
used before and after his death was 2-D animation
which is the same as stop-frame animation.
17.
18. Seth MacFarlane
• Seth MacFarlane is a well known actor,
comedian and animator in the USA for his
famous shows Family Guy, American Dad and
The Cleveland Show.
• He has also made guest appearances in award
winning shows and films for example: -
Startrek: Enterprise and also giving the voice
of Johann Krauss in Hellboy 2: The Golden
Army
