Lomography is an unconventional style of photography that uses toy cameras or uses regular cameras in unintended ways to achieve unique effects. It began with experimenting with cheap Russian cameras like the Lomo LC-A that produced unpredictable results. Key aspects of lomography include shooting spontaneously without worrying about settings, getting close to subjects, embracing flaws like light leaks, and accepting the unpredictability of the cameras. The document provides tips for getting started in lomography such as choosing a camera, experimenting with film, and sharing photos with other lomographers.