Green Cruising John Hansen, Michael Crye, Paul Topping
1. Canada / New England Cruise Symposium
“Green Cruising – Managing Environmental Impact”
June 9th, 2010
North West & Canada John Hansen, President
Cruise Association
1
2. John Hansen, President, North West & Canada Cruise
Association, Moderator
Michael Crye, Executive Vice President Technical & Regulatory
Affairs, Cruise Lines International Association
Paul Topping, Manager Environmental Protection, Transport
Canada
Rich Pruitt, Director, Environmental and Public Health
Programs - Royal Caribbean International / Celebrity Cruises
Tom Dow, Vice President-Public Affairs, Carnival Corporation &
PLC
2
4. Fundamentals for a viable & sustainable
cruise sector
Quality Product /Destinations
Market Demand
Health, Safety and Security
Community Relations
Environmental Protection
4
5. CANADA NEW ENGLAND
CRUISE SYMPOSIUM
“HOW IS THE
SHIPPING/CRUISE INDUSTRY
REGULATED?”
Michael Crye, EVP
Cruise Lines International Association
(CLIA)
5
7. TREATIES
What are those treaties?
A. Law of the Sea Treaty (LOS)
B. Safety of Life at Sea Treaty (SOLAS)
C. International ship and Port Facilities Code (ISPS)
D. International Safety Management Code (ISM)
E. International Convention for the Prevention of Pollution
form Ships (MARPOL)
F. Standards for Training Certification and Watchkeeping
(STCW)
G. Consolidated Maritime Labour Convention (MLC) (not yet
in effect)
H. International Health Regulations (IHR)
I. Ballast Water Convention (not yet in effect)
8. UNITED NATIONS
How do these agencies of the United
Nations develop these treaties?
Member states, most of the countries of the world,
collaborate and negotiate the treaties that control shipping
actions throughout the world’s oceans.
The treaties become law in a particular country when the
country ratifies the treaties and incorporate them into their
law.
9. UNITED NATIONS
How are the Conventions enforced?
Flag State Enforcement
Each ship is registered in a particular country and if that country has
ratified the convention, then it has the responsibility to enforce the
convention.
The flags that CLIA ships fly include, Bahamas, Netherlands, UK,
Bermuda, Panama, Marshall Islands, Malta. All have ratified the above
conventions so they apply to the CLIA ships wherever they operate.
Many countries including the US and Canada delegate their inspection
functions to organizations called classification societies like American
Bureau of Shipping, Lloyd’s Register, Det Norske Veritas.
10. UNITED NATIONS
How are the Conventions enforced?
Port State Control
Each of the above treaties is also subject to what
is called port state control which means that
when a ship visits a particular country,
that country can enforce the requirements of the
Convention on those ships in its waters.
11. UNITED NATIONS
How are the Conventions enforced?
Domestic Laws
Countries like Canada and the U.S. have their
own laws that apply to ships that operate within
their waters. These laws can be those which
implement the Conventions and incorporate them
into their laws like the U.S. Act to Prevent
Pollution from Ships or the Clean Water Act or
Clean Air Act. In Canada the Canada Shipping
Act, Migratory Bird Act, and Regulations for the
Prevention of Pollution from Ships and for
Dangerous Chemicals are some examples.
12. MICHAEL CRYE
EVP
mcrye@cruising.org
Washington D.C. Area Office:
2111 Wilson Boulevard, 8th Floor
Arlington, Virginia 22201
(703) 522-8463
13. Regulating vessel air emissions
Canada New England Cruise Ship Symposium
June 9, 2010
Paul Topping
13
14. Background
North American Emission Control Area
• The North American Emission Control Area proposed by Canada,
United States and France was adopted on March 26, 2010
• It is the largest such area established by Parties to Annex VI of
the MARPOL Convention (along coasts out to the 200 nautical
limit, south of 60°N and Hawaii)
• Its stringent standards are expected to reduce sulphur oxides by
96 percent and nitrogen oxides up to 80 percent as well as
reduce other pollutants
• This approach will protect health of North Americans on both
sides of the border
• The measures will come into force in August 2012.
14
15. North American Emission Control Area
Adopted March
26, 2010.
___________
Includes waters
under the
jurisdictions of
Canada, the
United States,
and France.
15
16. Drivers
• Government of Canada Commitments on Clean Air and
regulatory alignment with international standards
- Accession to Annex VI to the International Convention for the Prevention of
Pollution from Ships (MARPOL)
- Adoption of the North American Emission Control Area
• A Harmonized Environmental Agenda for an Economically
Integrated North America
- North American Emission Control Area resolves US court case
• Transport Canada’s Moving Forward Policy to align with
IMO Standards for vessels carrying international trade
• Support of Canada’s domestic fleet to modernize
16
17. Key dates and provisions
• July 1, 2010, new MARPOL Annex IV
- Baltic and North Sea ECA 1.5% to 1% sulphur
• January 1, 2011, new ships -Tier II NOx
• January 1, 2012, global sulphur level 3.5%
• August 1, 2012, North American ECA (1% sulphur)
• January 1, 2015, all ECAs reduced to 0.1%
• January 1, 2016, new ships in ECAs – Tier III NOx
• January 1, 2018, IMO review of low sulphur fuel
• January 1, 2020, global sulphur level to 0.5%
• January 1, 2025, alternate date for 0.5% sulphur
17
18. Nitrogen oxide standards
• Tier I
• 17.0 g/kWh when n is less than 130 rpm;
• 45 · n(-0.2) g/kWh when n is 130 or more but less than 2,000 rpm;
• 9.8 g/kWh when n is 2,000 rpm or more.
• Tier II
• 14.4 g/kWh when n is less than 130 rpm;
• 44 · n(-0.23) g/kWh when n is 130 or more but less than 2,000 rpm;
• 7.7 g/kWh when n is 2,000 rpm or more.
• Tier III*
• 3.4 g/kWh when n is less than 130 rpm;
• 9 · n(-0.2) g/kWh when n is 130 or more but less than 2,000 rpm;
• 2.0 g/kWh when n is 2,000 rpm or more;
• * IMO to carry out review between 2012 and 2013
18
19. Technical options for compliance: sulphur
• Sulphur levels in fuel are a performance standard
• Compliance can be meet by
- Low sulphur fuel
• Distillates
• Alternative fuels
- Emission control systems
- IMO Guidelines to assess emission control systems
• Option for fuel with next lowest sulphur content if
compliant fuel cannot be found
19
20. Vessel Air Emissions in the Great Lakes
• US introduced increased air emissions standards for
vessels operating in the Great Lakes in the December
2009 rules to implement the North American ECA
• US subsequently moved to exempt certain vessels.
• Canadian regulations to implement the North American
ECA will also address emissions in the Great Lakes
• Improved environmental standards are consistent with
Government of Canada commitments
• Canada seeks a bi-national approach to air emission
regulations in consultation with industry
20
21. Next steps
1) 1) Detailed Assessment of Options
Alignment of regulatory options with Government of Canada
policy commitments and considerations
- Overall SOx and NOx reductions, harmonization of approach, health
improvements, environmental improvements, competitiveness of domestic fleet,
fleet renewal
Ease of industry compliance
- Available technologies and fuels, cost of implementation, level of complexity
Government capacity to implement regulations
2) 2) Decision on option for the Great Lakes in November
21
