2. Content
• Intodution
• HAB’S
• In india
• World wide effect of HAB’s
• Reasons of increasing HAB’s
• Images of some Algal Bloom
• Some sps. of HABs
• Cyanobacteria
• Effect of algal bloom.
• Control method
3. Algal Bloom
• An algal bloom is a rapid increase in the population of
algae in an aquatic system.
• Algal blooms may occur in freshwater as well as marine
environments. Typically only one or a few phytoplankton
species are involved and some blooms may be recognized
by discoloration of the water resulting from the high density
of pigmented cells.
4. Harmful algal blooms
A harmful algal blooms is an algal bloom that causes
negative impacts to aquatic organisms via
production of natural toxins, mechanical damage
to aquatic organism.
HABs are often associated with large-scale marine
mortality events and have been associated with
various types of shellfish poisonings and also fin
fishes and other aquatic organisms .
5. In India
• Researchers have found toxic bloom has increased
around 15 percent over the 12 years in indian seas.
• There was 80 harmful bloom recorded between the
1998-2010 in indian water.
Research data was generated by- k.b padmakumar & v.n
sanjeevan (centre for marine living resources &
Ecology,kochi)
1st recorded observation on algal bloom in india was in
1908.
6. Worldwide Effects of HAB’s
Light penetration levels in water decrease altering
photosynthesis rate.
Algal blooms may be harmful to seagrass and coral
reef ecosystems and the connected food webs.
Shellfish may accumulate algal toxins by feeding
on the toxic phytoplankton resulting in fish kills,
marine mammal distress, human illness and
possible death.
7. Reasons for Increase in HAB’s
Global climate changes producing wider ranges
for some species.
Human contributions of increased nutrients and
pollution in coastal waters and also fresh waters.
Changes in local ecosystems that may allow
exotic species to thrive if introduced.
11. Cyanobacteria (blue-green algae)
• Cyanobacteria, also known as blue-green algae.
• Grow in any type of water and are photosynthetic
• Cyanobacteria live in all types of water like Fresh water marine &
brackish water.
• They usually are too small to be seen, but sometimes can form visible
colonies, called an algal bloom.
• Cyanobacteria have been found among the oldest fossils on earth and
are one of the largest groups of bacteria. Cyanobacteria have been
linked to human and animal.
12. Cyanobacterial blooms and how they form
• Within a few days, an bloom of cyanobacteria can cause
clear water to become cloudy.
• The blooms usually float to the surface and can be many
inches thick, especially near the shoreline.
• Cyanobacterial blooms can form in warm, slow-moving
waters that are rich in nutrients.
• Blooms can occur at any time, but most often occur in late
summer or early fall.
13. • Cyanobacterial bloom looks like - foam,
scum, or mats on the surface of fresh water lakes
and ponds.
• The blooms can be blue, bright green, brown, or
red and may look like paint floating on the water.
• Some blooms may not affect the appearance of
the water. As algae in a cyanobacterial bloom die,
the water may smell bad.
14. Harmful effect of algal bloom
• Changes in levels of chemicals such as nitrogen and
phosphorus from fertilizer, in the water.
• Algal blooms can deplete the oxygen and block the
sunlight that other organisms need to live.
• And some can produce toxins that are harmful to the
health of the environment- plants, animals, and people etc.
• Aquaculture industries.
15. Control method
• Biological- Bacteria(Gymnodinium mikimotoi ),
Virus, Bivalves, zooplankton etc.
• Chemical- Copper sulfate, Alum etc.
• Physical
copper sulfate -in the 1957 Florida for Gymnodinium breve control . Alum- are used extensively in freshwater systems to remove unwanted cells from lakes and ponds.
