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Tiles traditionally have been made of glazed or unglazed fired clay, but modern tiles are also made of plastic, glass, asphalt, and even cork.

Ceramic tiles, used for walls, floors, and countertops, are usually machine-pressed, made of fine clays, and very hard.

Quarry tiles (used for flooring) and terra-cotta, made of natural clays, are less hard and more porous but very popular for economic and aesthetic reasons.,[object Object]

Roof tiles:-Roof tiles of baked clay and of marble were used in ancient Greece.

Tiles came to be widely used in Islamic architecture. Multicoloured, glazed tiles were common in Spain from an early period and from there spread to Portugal and Latin America.,[object Object]

Modern clay roofing tiles may be flat or curved; in the Mediterranean countries.

S-shaped tiles laid with alternate convex and concave surfaces uppermost, are common.

Modern wall tiles may be highly glazed and semivitreous.,[object Object]

Azulejos were used in Islamic architecture for facing walls and paving floors.

Early designs were geometric and 5–6 in. (13–15 cm) square.

In the 15th–16th centuries Portugal imported the tiles from Spain for use in religious and private buildings. ,[object Object]

In the 18th century, interiors and exteriors in Puebla, Mex., were covered with azulejos in brilliant colours on a scale unequaled elsewhere. ,[object Object]

Tiles can also be slip cast, or formed by pouring slip (liquid clay) into a porous mold and allowing it to stiffen.

Glaze and metal oxide–painted designs may be added before the tile is fired.

Depending on the clay and the firing temperature, fired tiles range from porous earthenware to hard, highly vitrified porcelain. ,[object Object]

In medieval northern Europe, clay tile roofs were superseded by roofs of lead, zinc, and stone, but in southern Europe red and orange clay roof tiles continued in wide use.

Modern architects sometimes employ large cast-cement roof tiles. In medieval China, brilliantly glazed roof tiles (often yellow) with heavy relief ornament were used for temples.

Unglazed roof tiles were often black (those in Japan, gray), suggesting a different firing method from that used for European tiles. ,[object Object]

Unglazed tiles have also been used for wall decoration since ancient times. Modern architects can choose from a wide range of glazed and unglazed, smooth and textured wall tiles, and they often commission handmade tile murals from artist-potters.

For further information on this topic, see the Bibliography, sections Building construction, Floor coverings. ,[object Object]

The floors of 13th-century cathedrals were often of encaustic tile (reddish clay tiles inlaid with patterns in white and yellow clay). In the 16th century encaustic tile was displaced by Italian and Spanish majolica floor tiles (see POTTERY).,[object Object]

The most common modern ceramic floor tiles are small, highly vitrified, machine-pressed tiles in various colors. ,[object Object]

Deep relief decoration characterized the glazed wall tiles of China. Medieval Iran became a center for Islamic tiles, glazed and painted in floral and calligraphic designs. ,[object Object]

First made in the Netherlands, delft tiles were admired for their vigorous painting in cobalt blue and, later, manganese purple. ,[object Object]

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