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- 1. BIRDS WINTERING IN THE BAY OF GDAŃSK This project has been funded with support from the European Commission. This publication reflects the views only of the authors. The Commission cannot be held responsible for any use which may be made of the information contained herein. Natural Treasures of Europe XX LO GDAŃSK POLAND
- 2. THE BAY OF GDAŃSK Bay of Gdańsk is a southeastern bay of the Baltic Sea. It is named after the adjacent port city of Gdańsk in Poland and is sometimes referred to as a gulf. The western part of Gdańsk Bay is formed by the shallow waters of the Bay of Puck. The southeastern part is the Vistula Lagoon, separated by the Vistula Spit and connected to the open sea by the Strait of Baltiysk.
- 3. THE BAY OF GDAŃSK
- 4. Bird's observations on Polish coast Every year a lot of people and organizations (for example KULING, The University of Gdańsk) involved in counting and observation of birds on Polish coast. In November, December, January, February, if you walk on the beach, you can see many species of birds.
- 5. Bird's observations on Polish coast • Glaucous Gull • Lapland Longspur • Purple Sandpiper • Black-legged Kittiwake • Iceland Gull • Arctic Redpoll • Mute Swan • Sandwich Tern • Long-tailed Duck • Great Cormorant • Tufted Duck • Common Eider Over 1000 species of birds winter on the Bay of Gdańsk.
- 6. The Glaucous Gull The Glaucous Gull is a large gull which breeds in the Arctic regions of the northern hemisphere and the Atlantic coasts ofEurope. It is migratory, wintering from in the North Atlantic and North Pacific oceans, You can also see this bird on the Polish coast. This species breeds colonially or singly on coasts and cliffs, making a lined nest on the ground or cliff. Normally, 2–4 light brown eggs with dark chocolate splotches are laid.
- 8. The Iceland Gull The Iceland Gull is a large gull which breeds in the Arctic regions of Canada and Greenland, but not Iceland, where it is only seen in the winter. It is much scarcer in Europe than the similar Glaucous Gull. It is migratory, wintering from in the North Atlantic, You can also see this bird on the Polish coast. This species breeds colonially or singly on coasts and cliffs, making a nest lined with grass, moss, or seaweed on the ground or cliff. The Iceland Gull isa largish gull, although relatively slender and light-weight.
- 10. The Black-legged Kittiwake The Black-legged Kittiwake is a seabird species in the gull family Laridae. You can also see this bird on the Polish coast. The adults is 37–41 cm in length with a wingspan of 91–105 cm and a body mass of 305–525 g. It has a white head and body, grey back, grey wings tipped solid black, and have black legs and a yellow bill. In winter, this species acquires a dark grey smudge behind the eye and a grey hind-neck collar. The name is derived from its call, a shrill 'kittee-wa-aaake, kitte-wa-aaake'.
- 12. The Mute Swan The Mute Swan is a species of swan, and thus a member of the duck, goose and swan family Anatidae. You can also see this bird on the Polish coast. It is native to much of Europe and Asia. It is also an introduced species in North America. The name 'mute' derives from it being less vocal than other swan species. This large swan is wholly white in plumage with an orange bill bordered with black. It is recognisable by its pronounced knob atop the bill. The Mute Swan is one of the heaviest flying birds.
- 13. The Mute Swan
- 14. The Purple Sandpiper The Purple Sandpiper is a small shorebird. The body is dark on top with a slight purplish gloss and mainly white underneath. The breast is smeared with grey and the rump is black. They are late migrants and move to rocky ice-free Atlantic coasts in winter. You can also see this bird on the Polish coast. This species is tame and approachable. These birds forage on rocky coasts, picking up food by sight. They mainly eat arthropods and mollusks, also some plant material.
- 16. The Lapland Longspur The Lapland Longspur is a passerine bird in the longspur family Calcariidae, a group separated by most modern authors from the Fringillidae (Old World finches). You can also see this bird on the Polish coast. The Lapland Longspur is a robust bird, with a thick yellow seed-eater's bill. The summer male has a black head and throat, white eyestripe, chestnut nape, white underparts, and a heavily streaked black-grey back.
- 18. The Arctic Redpoll The Arctic Redpoll known in North America as the Hoary Redpoll, is a bird species in the finch family Fringillidae. You can also see this bird on the Polish coast. It breeds in tundra birch forest. It has two subspecies. Many birds remain in the far north; some birds migrate short distances south in winter, sometimes travelling with Common Redpolls.
- 20. The Great Cormorant The Great Cormorant is a large black bird, but there is a wide variation in size in the species wide range. You can also see this bird on the Polish coast. It has a longish tail and yellow throat- patch. In eastern North America, it is similarly larger and bulkier than Double-crested Cormorant, and the latter species has more yellow on the throat and bill. Great Cormorants are mostly silent, but they make various guttural noises at their breeding colonies.
- 22. The Sandwich Tern The Sandwich Tern is a seabird of the tern family Sternidae. You can also see this bird on the Polish coast. The Sandwich Tern is a medium-large tern with grey upperparts, white underparts, a yellow-tipped black bill and a shaggy black crest which becomes less extensive in winter with a white crown. Young birds bear grey and brown scalloped plumage on their backs and wings. It is a vocal bird.
- 24. The Long-tailed Duck The Long-tailed Duck is a medium-sized sea duck. It is the only living member of its genus, Clangula. You can also see this bird on the Polish coast. Adults have white underparts, though the rest of the plumage goes through a complex moulting process. The male has a long pointed tail (10 to 15 cm) and a dark grey bill crossed by a pink band. In winter, the male has a dark cheek patch on a mainly white head and neck, a dark breast and mostly white body.
- 26. The Tufted Duck The Tufted Duck is a medium-sized diving duck with a population of close to one million birds. You can also see this bird on the Polish coast. The adult male is all black except for white flanks and a blue-grey bill. It has an obvious head tuft that gives the species its name. The adult female is brown with paler flanks, and is more easily confused with other diving ducks. In particular, some have white around the bill base which resembles the scaup species, although the white is never as extensive as in those ducks.
- 27. The Tufted Duck
- 28. The Common Eider The Common Eider is a large (50–71 cm body length) sea- duck that is distributed over the northern coasts of Europe, North America and eastern Siberia. You can also see this bird on the Polish coast. It can fly at speeds up to 113 km/h (70 mph). The male is unmistakable, with its black and white plumage and green nape. The female is a brown bird, but can still be readily distinguished from all ducks, except other eider species, on the basis of size and head shape. This duck's call is a pleasant "ah-ooo". The species is often readily approachable.
- 29. The Common Eider
- 32. XX Secondary School in Gdańsk, Poland Supervision: Marzena Chomziuk Authors: Monika Chrapusta, Lucyna Litke, Łukasz Meksiak