The document provides information about logistics aspects related to the United States. It discusses that the US is the 3rd largest country by area and has a population of over 318 million. It has a diverse geography and climate. It also discusses US economic performance, trade partners, transportation networks like rail and road, and regulatory requirements for importing and exporting goods. Logistics software, international trade agreements, and other logistics operations in the US are also summarized.

1. SPECIALIZED ASPECTS OF
INTERNATIONAL LOGISTICS-COUNTRY
AND REGIONAL ISSUES WITH
SPECIAL REFERENCE TO
THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA

2. FRANCLIN DINESH KUMAR. P
JEROME. A
SURESH. R
SWARNAKUMAR. S

3. The United States of America (USA or U.S.A.), commonly
referred to as the United States (US or U.S.), America, and
sometimes the States, is a federal republic consisting of 50 states.
The United States is the world's 3rd or 4th-largest country by
total area and third-largest by population. It is one of the world's
most ethnically diverse and multicultural nations, the product of
large-scale immigration from many countries.
The country also has five populated and nine unpopulated
territories in the Pacific and the Caribbean. At 3.71 million
square miles (9.62 million km2) and with around 318 million
people.
The geography and climate of the United States is also extremely
diverse, and it is home to a wide variety of wildlife.

5. USA is the 3rd largest country in the world
after Russia and Canada. It occupies the total
area of 96,29,091km.sq/37,17,813sq.mtr.
According to 2014 census, the total population
of USA is 318,503,000 with the density of
34.2/km.sq. The largest 3 cities of USA are:
New York, Los Angeles and Chicago and
nearly 47% of US population spreads across
these cities.

6.  English – 80%
 Spanish – 12.4%
 Indo-European – 3.7%
 Asian and pacific island language – 3%
 Other Languages – 0.9%

7. The United States experienced its worst financial crisis since
the Great Depression from December 2007 to June 2009.
Growth has since returned at a rate of 2.2% in 2012 and an
expected 1.9% in 2013.
Economic performance in the region over the course of 2008
and 2009 echoes that of the United States, due to decreased
tourism revenues, slumping financial services sectors, and
sharp reduction in overseas remittances.
In August 2011, the U.S. sovereign credit rating was
downgraded for the first time in its history, amid concerns
over rising federal debt and discord among elected leaders.
National security, the size of the military and future terrorist
attacks continues to dominate much of U.S. politics.

8. 1.00 USD = 61.0200 INR
PAST CHANGES:-
2013 - The dollar lost value against the euro, as it appeared
the EU was finally solving the euro zone crisis. By December,
the euro was worth $1.3779.
2012 - By the end of 2012, the euro was worth $1.3186 as the
dollar weakened.
2008 - The dollar strengthened 22% as businesses hoarded
dollars during the global financial crisis. By year end, the euro
was worth $1.39
2002-2007 - The dollar fell 40% as the U.S. debt grew 60%.
In 2002, a euro was worth $.87 vs $1.44 by December 2007.

9. UTC -5 to -10. Summer (DST) UTC -4 to -10

10. TESTING OF A PRODUCT:-
The product should undergo the following tests for the import and
export:-
1. CPSIA (Consumer Product Safety Improvement Act) Testing
2. Juvenile Products Testing
3. EU Toy Directive Testing
4. GB Testing
5. Design Evaluation
6. Mock-up Sample Study
7. Initial Product Specification Analysis
8. Product Review and Engineering
9. Safety Testing
10. Feasibility Testing

11. In USA, The Packaging Act contains the regulatory
requirements for product packaging. As a minimum,
federal regulations about packaging stipulate that
the following four items of information must be
shown on the packaging:-
Country of origin
Principal place of business (in English and French)
Net quantity (e.g. 54 blocks; one doll and one
carriage; six balls and one bat)
Product name ("Doll") or pictorial representation of
the item

12. Under US law 22,802/83, the Bureau of Trade
Regulation of the Ministry of Economy’s Secretariat of
Industry, establishes labeling requirements for products
in America.
All packaged products sold in America will bear the
following information on a printed label in a visible
manner on the package or container:
a) Name (description of product)
b) Country of origin
c) Quality, purity, or blending description
d) Net weight

13. The C-TPAT (Customs-Trade Partnership against
Terrorism) is a voluntary US Customs and Border
Protection (CBP) initiative designed to build cooperative
relationships that strengthen overall supply chain and
border security.
The Transportation Worker Identification Credential
(TWIC) is a security measure to ensure individuals who
pose a threat do not gain unescorted access to secure areas
of the nation's maritime transportation system.
Goods lost to theft cost private industry significant money
while the transport of illegal goods and tax evasion cost
governments money and create security holes that
endanger everyone.

14. The major salt water port in USA is PORT OF
CHICAGO which is about 7, 80,000sq.mtr with
100 acres of warehousing facility. It handles
nearly 8, 94,832 tons of cargo each year.
The smallest port in USA is PORT OF DENVER
and ST. LOUIS which is located in the states of
Wisconsin and Cincinnati were the 11% of US
population in located.

15. BUSINESS TERMS:-
Cash in Advance
CCC Mark
CE Mark
Certificate of Origin
EXIM Bank
Documentary Collection
Harmonized System
Incoterms
International Joint Venture
Licensing
Consignment Purchase
Cash-in-Advance (Pre-Payment)

16. FINANCIAL INSTRUMENTS:-
US treasury bills
Negotiable bank certificates of deposit
Commercial paper
Bankers acceptances
Repurchase agreements
Federal funds
Corporate bonds
US government securities
US government agency securities
State and local government bonds

17. There is more than 73 super market chain in
USA which is spreads in the area of
30,000sq.ft to 1, 75,000sq.ft. Top five retail
chain of USA are:
WALL MART
KROGER
COSTCO WHOLESALE
TARGET
SAFEWAY

18. Wall Mart is the giant retail chain in USA
which has nearly 4177 stores in that 3275
supercentres which average about
1,82,000sq.ft.

19. The U.S. rail network's 140,000 miles of track could
cross the country 47 times.
In 2010 alone, the seven largest North American
railroads, known as Class I railroads, spent
approximately $10.7 billion on capital investments. In
2011, their anticipated spending is $12 billion—
approximately 40 cents of every revenue dollar,
according to the Association of American Railroads
(AAR).
Many railroads spend more on their infrastructure than
some states do on highways. In 2008, for example,
Union Pacific (UP) spent $4.91 billion on
infrastructure, while the state of New York spent $3.82
billion on highway construction and improvements

20. Based on the INRIX Traffic Scorecard, there are 6 cities with the
worst traffic in USA. The 3 important cities are:
1. BOSTON
- Congestion score: 14.7
- Population density: 1,305.4 people per sq. mile (9th highest)
- Average commute time: 29.2 minutes (tied for 10th highest)
- Pct. driving to work: 76.6% (8th lowest)
2. WASHINGTON D.C.
- Congestion score: 16.4
- Population density: 997.1 people per sq. mile (18th highest)
- Average commute time: 34.5 minutes (2nd highest)
- Pct. driving to work: 76% (6th lowest)
3. SEATTLE
- Congestion score: 17.6 (tied for 7th highest)
- Population density: 585.8 people per sq. mile (35th highest)
- Average commute time: 27.6 minutes (22nd highest)
- Pct. driving to work: 81% (20th lowest)

21. The various trading partners for USA are: Canada, China, Mexico,
Japan, Germany, UK, South Korea, Brazil, Saudi Arabia, France,
Taiwan, Netherland, India, Venezuela and Italy
Trade balance is the relation between the merchandise exports and
imports of a country.
They urged legislation to restrict the use of foreign goods, encourage
exports, and forbid the export of bullion. the balance of payments of a
nation; the U.S. Dept. of Commerce issues reports on the current status
of the balance of trade in goods and services on a monthly basis.
Since the 1980s the value of U.S. imports has greatly exceeded exports,
resulting in large trade deficits that complicated U.S. relations with its
trading partners, particularly Japan, China, and the United States'
partners in the North American Free Trade Agreement, Canada and
Mexico.

22. Although logistics might appear to be a military issue when
national security is concerned, civilian and domestic factors
are also significant.
The nature of the threats differs, however. Acknowledged
civilian threats include: oil dependency, intentional harm to
transport systems, including infrastructures, freight and
passengers, the issue of illegal movements of drugs and illegal
immigration and humanitarian aid in situation of emergencies.
The first is military, while the second is civilian. While
military issues have received a lot of attention, globalization
has underlined the growing importance of civilian issues and
the emergence of new vulnerabilities.

23. The phone system is very reliable and extensive in USA more
than 99% of the population has got the telephone connectivity.
The customers can get the phone connectivity within 48hrs.
The Internet in the United States grew out of the ARPANET, a
network sponsored by the Advanced Research Projects Agency of
the U.S. Department of Defense during the 1960s. The Internet in
the United States in turn provided the foundation for the world-wide
Internet of today.
Internet access in the United States is largely provided by the
private sector and is available in a variety of forms, using a
variety of technologies, at a wide range of speeds and costs. In
2012 81% of Americans were using the Internet, which ranks the
U.S. 12th out of 211 countries in the world.

24. REGULAR GASOLINE RETAIL PRICE - $3.69/GALLON
TAXES - 12%
DISTRIBUTION AND MARKETING - 08%
REFINING - 13%
CRUDE OIL - 67%

25. The U.S. Treasury Department’s Office of Foreign Assets Control
(OFAC) maintains strict embargoes banning, and lesser sanctions
limiting U.S. companies and their foreign subsidiaries from entering
into commercial transactions with specified foreign countries,
persons and business entities.
U.S. nationals (wherever they are located and for whomever they
work), and foreign nationals present in the United States from
making any exports to, imports from, investments in, or engaging in
commercial transactions of virtually any type with these embargoed
nations:
 CUBA (and Cuban nationals, wherever located);
 IRAN and SUDAN (narrow exceptions for certain parts of
Southern Sudan). Partial U.S. embargoes apply to these countries:
 BURMA (a ban on U.S. imports from, and new investment in
Burma)
 NORTH KOREA (U.S. imports must be licensed; special export
limits)
 SYRIA (a total ban on U.S. exports).

26. The United States on set new import duties on solar
products from China and Taiwan after the Commerce
Department found that the solar panels and cells are
being sold too cheaply on the U.S. market.
Preliminary anti-dumping duties as high as 165.04
percent for Chinese goods would come on top of anti-subsidy
levies imposed last month, as the U.S. arm of
German solar manufacturer Solar World AG seeks to
close a loophole allowing Chinese producers to sidestep
duties imposed in 2012.

27. Commercial invoice
NAFTA Certificate of Origin
Importer ID Number
Bill of lading or airway bill
Entry manifest
Entry/immediate delivery
Harmonized System Tariff Classification (HS
code)

28.  Labor unions are legally recognized as representatives of workers in
many industries in the United States.
 Their activity today centers on collective bargaining over wages,
benefits, and working conditions for their membership, and on
representing their members in disputes with management over violations
of contract provisions.
 Larger unions also typically engage in lobbying activities and
electioneering at the state and federal level.
 Unions are currently advocating new federal legislation, the Employee
Free Choice Act (EFCA), that would allow workers to elect union
representation by simply signing a support card (card check).
 Unions report that, under the present system, many employers use the 45
to 90 day period to conduct anti-union campaigns.
 During the 2008 elections, the Employee Free Choice Act had
widespread support of many legislators in the House and Senate, and of
the President.

29. M1
SP LINK
PANTONIUM
SCP
CARGONET
CMS WORLD LINKSUPEES
and there is more than 80 logistics software
which is used by the US logistics industry.