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Quantum Computers
1. CS 1 with Robots
UNIVERSITE DE STRASBOURG
UFR Physique & Ingénierie
English Presentation:
Presented on : December 16, 2015
English professor:
Mrs Sabine Roth
Realized by :
HADDAD ANIS
2. 2
• Overview
• Introduction and History
• Data Representation (Qubits)
• Operations on Data
• Quantum Computer Languages (Shor’s Algorithm)
• Problems and disadvantages
• Conclusion and Open Questions
December 16, 2015
5. 5
• Introduction and History
Richard Feynman 1982
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Feynman proposed the
idea of creating
machines based on the
laws of quantum
mechanics instead of
the laws of classical
physics.
6. 6
• Introduction and History
David Deutsch 1985
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developed the
quantum Turing
machine, showing that
quantum circuits are
universal.
7. 7
• Introduction and History
What is a quantum computer?
A quantum computer is a machine
that performs calculations based
on the laws of quantum
mechanics, which is the behavior
of particles at the sub-atomic
level.
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“I think I can safely say
that nobody understands
quantum mechanics” -
Feynman
8. 8
• Introduction and History
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Applications:
Cryptography
Artificial intelligence
Teleportation
Quantum Communication
10. 10
• Data Representation
How can we represent data on
computers ?
Classical computers Bit
Can only take ‘0’ or ‘1’
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Ideal for classical
mechanics application
11. 11
• Data Representation
What’s about quantum computers?
Quantum computers two levels
quantum system Qubit
Can take more than one value
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Dosn’t work with
classical mechanics
applications
15. 15
• Operations on Data
Operations on Data
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Classical Computers Classical Gates
A
B
C
A B C
0 0 0
0 1 0
1 0 0
1 1 1
Input Output
For Example :
The AND Gate
16. 16
• Operations on Data
Operations on Data
December 16, 2015
Quantum Computers Classical Gates ???
A
B
C
A B C
0 0 0
0 1 0
1 0 0
1 1 1
Input Output
The AND Gate
The answer is No !
17. 17
• Operations on Data
December 16, 2015
A
B
C
The AND Gate
A B C
0 0 0
0 1 0
1 0 0
1 1 1
Input Output
In these 3 cases,
information is
being destroyed
gate will cause heat
to be evolvedDestruction of Qubits Superposition
Quantum physics nature
18. 18
• Operations on Data
December 16, 2015
We must use Quantum Gates
H
State |0> State |0> + |1>
H
State |1>
Hadamard Gate:
The original input state can be derived from the
output state They must be reversible.
20. 20
• Quantum Computers Languages (Shor’s Algorithm)
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Peter Shor (1994)
A quantum computer is capable of
factoring very large numbers in
polynomial time.
F(a) = x^a mod N is a periodic function
7 mod 15 = 1
7 mod 15 = 7
7 mod 15 = 4
7 mod 15 = 13
7 mod 15 = 1
0
1
2
3
4
.
.
.
22. 22
• Problems and disadvantages …
December 16, 2015
Decoherence must be isolated
Uncertainty Principle Can’t measure without disturb
Ability to crack passwords
Can Break every level of encryption
Complex Hardware Schemes
Cost
24. 24
• Conclusion
December 16, 2015
In 2001, a 7 qubit machine was built and
programmed to run Shor’s algorithm to
successfully factor 15.
In December 8, 2015
The D-Wave 2X quantum computer at NASA's
Advanced Supercomputer Facility in Silicon Valley
Quantum chip 1,097 Qubits
25. 25
• Conclusion
December 16, 2015
A quantum computer outperformed a
conventional machine by 100 million times
Can quantum computers solve Complete
problems in polynomial time?
26. 26
• References
- How quantum computers work: YouTube video
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=g_IaVepNDT4
- Quantum Computers. Retrieved on December 1st, 2002 from:
http://www.ewh.ieee.org/r10/bombay/news4/Quantum_Comput
ers.htm
- “The Physics of Quantum Mechanics” James Binney and
David Skinne.
- Quantum Computers: What are They and What Do They
Mean to Us? Retrieved on December 1st, 2002 from:
http://www.carolla.com/quantum/QuantumComputers.htm
- Google: Our quantum computer is 100 million times faster
than a conventional system.
http://www.extremetech.com/extreme/219160-googles-
quantum-computer-is-100-million-times-faster-than-a-
conventional-system
December 16, 2015