Oil Spill Monitoring Tech

Oil spill monitoring technologies:
the EGEMP activity
European Group of Experts on remote sensing
Monitoring of marine Pollution
http://ipsc.jrc.ec.europa.eu/?id=746

Björn Baschek
Chairman of EGEMP
Federal Institute of Hydrology, Germany
baschek@bafg.de

Page 16th EGEMP meeting Nov 21.-22., 2012, Portoferraio, joined with
martedì 27 novembre 12 ARGOMARINE

Content
 Combined oil spill monitoring system
 Satellite
 Aircraft
 Applications: e.g. drift modelling

 EGEMP ENVISAT: credits to ESA

 Members
 History
 Tasks & work

 Summary credits to ESA


Combined oil spill monitoring system –
satellite
RADAR

credits to ESA
Image
RADAR
satellite
overpass


satellite
RADAR

credits to ESA
Image Wind è
RADAR
satellite capillary
overpass waves


satellite
RADAR

credits to ESA
Image Wind è
RADAR
satellite capillary
overpass waves

 Capillary waves/ships scatter RADAR radiation back to
satellite
è grey/white image


satellite
RADAR

credits to ESA
Image Wind è
RADAR
satellite capillary
overpass waves

 Capillary waves/ships scatter RADAR radiation back to
satellite
è grey/white image
 Oil on sea surface
è reduces capillary waves @ intermediate wind
è „black“ spots on radar image

= indirect effect; possible look-alikes e.g. windless areas
Page è risk of false alarms 21.-22., 2012, Portoferraio, joined with
16th EGEMP meeting Nov

satellite

credits to ESA credits to ESA

RADAR Image
satellite
overpass


satellite


RADAR Image Receiving
satellite
station
overpass


satellite
Computer-
assisted
human
operator

RADAR Image Receiving Processing
satellite
station of data
overpass

Classiﬁcation based on, e.g.:
 Geometry, appearance,
contrast
 Sea state, wind conditions

satellite
Computer-
assisted
human
operator

satellite
station of data
overpass

Auxiliary
data

Classiﬁcation based on, e.g.:  Identify
look-alikes
 Geometry, appearance,
 Reduce
contrast false alarms

satellite
Computer-
assisted Images
human CSN browser
operator

satellite
station of data
overpass

Within approx. Alert
30min Auxiliary & report
data
 Possible spill
Classiﬁcation based on, e.g.:  Identify
 Possible
look-alikes
 Geometry, appearance, polluter
 Reduce
contrast false alarms

satellite
Good overview (large area) ~350 * 350 km²
Limited repetition rate
Alert in near-real time (partly-automatic)
Indications about possible pollution
Detect ships – comparison with AIS possible
Help to optimise aerial surveillance


aircraft

Images
CSN browser
credits to ESA

Alert
& report

 Possible spill
 Possible
polluter


aircraft

Images  Performs
CSN browser independent
credits to ESA ﬂights
National  In standby after
focal Aircraft satellite
point overpass
 Decision  Check alert
Alert
& report about
follow-up
 Possible spill
 Possible
polluter


aircraft

 Performs
independent
credits to ESA ﬂights
National  In standby after
focal Aircraft satellite
point overpass
 Decision  Check alert
Alert
& report about
follow-up
 Possible spill
 Possible
polluter


aircraft
Pollution
response

credits to ESA
National
focal Aircraft
point
 Decision
Alert
& report about
follow-up
Applications
 Possible spill e.g.
 Possible drift model
polluter
schematic illustration


AIMS:
 Find and localise possible pollution
 Conﬁrm as mineral oil
or identify look-alike or other pollution
 Detect area size, estimate thickness, deduce amo
 Securing of evidence
 Communication
 Support for pollution response


AIMS:
 Communication
Examples for sensor system components:
 Wide-range sensor: RADAR
 Further remote sensing: narrow-range, e.g.
IR / UV / LFS / MWR (individual operation range)
 Video system, camera (Forward Looking Infrared)
 Ship identiﬁcation: AIS
 GIS-System
 Trained operators: Visual appearance; Appearance
code
 SATCOM

AIMS:
 Communication
Examples for sensor system components:
 Wide-range sensor: RADAR
 Further remote sensing: narrow-range, e.g.
IR / UV / LFS / MWR (individual operation range)
In-ﬂight analysis
 Video system, camera (Forward Looking Infrared) communicate
à
 Ship identiﬁcation: AIS results
 GIS-System
 Trained operators: Visual appearance; Appearance
code
 SATCOM

aircraft
Flexible, high resolution
Routine and satellite follow-up ﬂights
(+ accident) surveillance
Pollution combating assistance
Multi-sensor system: much more information
“Ground truth”; preservation of evidence


SAT image
CSN service
ENVISAT 2010


SAT image
CSN service
ENVISAT 2010

Aircraft check
Flight track shown


SAT image
CSN service
ENVISAT 2010

RADAR
Far range sensor
Provides overview
© BfG, CCME


SAT image
CSN service
ENVISAT 2010

è near range
sensors © BfG, CCME


Sensor systems across Europe
Huge variety of combinations
of tasks and focuses – varying among the countries

Examples:
 Pollution control
 Collection of evidence
 Border control Pollution control in common
 Fishery patrol è Same challenges
 Search and rescue
 VIP transport è Cooperate
… è Exchange

© CCME


Co-operation on a European Scale
European
Group of
Experts on remote
sensing
Monitoring of marine
Pollution

29 Members
6 Observers
incl. regional
Cooperations


History of EGEMP
 Origin:
Joint Research Centre (JRC) in collaboration with DG
Environment (Civil Protection Unit) took the initiative in
2004 to set up a working group of national experts on
satellite monitoring of oil spills.
“European Group of Experts on satellite monitoring and
assessment of sea-based oil pollution”

 First meeting on March 22-24, 2004


Purpose and tasks of the EGEMP: Extract of
terms of Reference – (old version: ﬁrst release;
agreed on 27.10.04)


agreed on 27.10.04)
1.1
… will support the European Commission and in particular the
Management Committee on Marine Pollution, EU Member States, EU
Candidate Countries and maritime EEA Countries the ﬁeld of
satellite monitoring of sea-based oil pollution.


agreed on 27.10.04)
1.1
1.2
… objective will be a comprehensive exchange of information,
knowledge and expertise about the satellite monitoring of sea
based oil pollution at European level.


agreed on 27.10.04)
1.1
1.2
… objective will be a comprehensive exchange of information,
knowledge and expertise about the satellite monitoring of sea
based oil pollution at European level.
1.3
The tasks of the EGEMP are the following:
• Information exchange on R&D projects;
• Technical support … in the ﬁeld of oil pollution detection and
tracking by satellite monitoring;
• Analyse and support the process towards standardisation, for
reporting system …;
• Make available … the results of passed or ongoing studies or
projects …;
• … to secure the continuous access of information … and how
to enhance the coverage of all European Seas in time and
space.

History: Change
 Successful European cooperation on the satellite remote
sensing
of oil spills by effort of e.g. member states, regional and
multi-national cooperations, including EGEMP, ESA,
European R&D projects (e.g. Oceanides, MarCoast) set up a
pre-operational pan-European satellite service
 Satellite Service made operational after foundation of
European Maritime Safety Agency (EMSA)
 Re-organization, reﬁnement of tasks and responsibilities on


History & present: Change

è Adaptation of name and Terms of Reference of EGEMP:

European Group of Experts on satellite
Monitoring and assessment of sea-based oil
Pollution
è Exchange on topics of wider scope:
The primary objective of the Group still on sea-based oil
è
pollution
– but other pollutants included.
è Also other platforms for remote sensing than satellites
è EGEMP offers scientiﬁc advisory mainly to: European Maritime Safety
Agency (EMSA) Clean Sea Net (CSN) User Group and of the European
Space Agency (ESA)
è 2007-2010, EGEMP met back to back with the EMSA CSN User Group
è Since 2011, yearly rotating (by election) chairmanship


History & present: Change

è Adaptation of name and Terms of Reference of EGEMP:

European Group of Experts on satellitesensing
remote
Monitoring and assessment of sea-based oil
Monitoring
Pollution topics of wider scope:
è of marine Pollution
Exchange on
The primary objective of the Group still on sea-based oil
è
pollution
– but other pollutants included.
è Also other platforms for remote sensing than satellites
è EGEMP offers scientiﬁc advisory mainly to: European Maritime Safety
Agency (EMSA) Clean Sea Net (CSN) User Group and of the European
Space Agency (ESA)
è 2007-2010, EGEMP met back to back with the EMSA CSN User Group
è Since 2011, yearly rotating (by election) chairmanship


Example activities and topics
Exchange on
national and
international
projects &
programs; Back
to back
meetings e.g.
with CSN,
MarCoast,
ARGOMARINE
Exchange on
major spill
events, e.g.
Lebanon case
Discussion
Training
Consulting


Exchange on Support the
national and transformation
international of existing
projects & projects to
programs; Back operation
Deﬁnition of
to back user and
meetings e.g. system
with CSN, requirements
MarCoast, Requesting
ARGOMARINE sustainability,
Exchange on
reliability,
major spill affordability,
events, e.g. availability of
Lebanon case the products
Discussion Accompany
Training development of
pan-european
Consulting satellite
services

Exchange on Support the Work out
national and transformation present
international of existing situations of
projects & projects to surveillance &
programs; Back operation standards.
Deﬁnition of
to back user and Evaluate
meetings e.g. system existing tools.
with CSN, requirements On-going
MarCoast, Requesting validation of
ARGOMARINE sustainability, monitoring
Exchange on
reliability, “Satellite
major spill affordability,
events, e.g. Surveillance
availability of Guideline”
Lebanon case the products Standardize and
Discussion Accompany harmonize data
Training development of exchange,
pan-european
satellite reporting
Consulting
services systems

Exchange on Support the Work out Evaluation of
national and transformation present new
international of existing situations of technologies &
projects & projects to surveillance & platforms
programs; Back operation standards.
Deﬁnition of Scientiﬁc
to back user and Evaluate
publications
meetings e.g. system existing tools.
and reports
with CSN, requirements On-going
validation of Political support
MarCoast, Requesting
monitoring for sound
ARGOMARINE sustainability,
Exchange on decisions
reliability, “Satellite
major spill While avoiding
affordability, Surveillance
events, e.g. availability of duplication of
Lebanon case Guideline”
the products work – building
Standardize and
Discussion Accompany harmonize data on on-going or
Training development of exchange, past projects &
pan-european existing
satellite reporting
Consulting
services systems agreements


Outlook
 Today: joined meeting with ARGOMARINE
 Tomorrow: internal workshop
 With focus on “data ﬂow of spill information”
 Drafting of new list of “topics of interest”

 Future topics might include:


Outlook
 Today: joined meeting with ARGOMARINE
 Tomorrow: internal workshop
 With focus on “data flow of spill information”
 Drafting of new list of “topics of interest”

 Future topics might include:
Estimating oil
Format and spill age
Estimating oil
content of Hyperspectral Drifting buoys
spill thickness
satellite alerts UAVs (unmaned remote sensing
GIS systems for airborne Statistics
Interface with Remote sensing
visualisation vehicles) drift models
and data fusion Validation of of ship
Aerial satellite alerts AIS exhausts
Radar Satellite
surveillance
detection of oil Classification, Remote sensing
sensors for oil identification of of HNS
spill
spills oil spills
(candidates)

SUMMARY: In Europe: Combined
system established – synergetic
effects

credits to
ESA Aircraft
© ESA

Oil spill drift
Applications:
modelling
Satellite

credits to
ESA

credits to
ESA Pollution response

effects

Aircraft
Øgood overview © ESA
(large area)

Oil spill drift
Applications:
modelling
Ø(partly-automatic)
Satellite

alert in NRT
Ø Indications
credits to
about possible
ESA
pollution
ØHelp to optimise
aerial surveillance
credits to

effects
ØFlexible, high resolution
ØRoutine, satellite follow-up
ØPollution combating
assistance
ØMore information
Aircraft
Øgood overview © ESA
(large area)

Oil spill drift
Applications:
modelling
Ø(partly-automatic)
Satellite

alert in NRT
Ø Indications
credits to
about possible
ESA
pollution
ØHelp to optimise
aerial surveillance
credits to

Summary
EGEMP is bridging the gap between
§ The technical experts, services and science
§ The operational „end“-user
§ Integrating science and practical experience
§ Exchange and looking at future developments

Projects Technical/
Operation
/ intermedi
al “End”-
Science ate users
users
EGEMP

EMSA
CSN


Thanks for your

Oil spill monitoring technologies:
the EGEMP activity
European Group of Experts on remote sensing
Monitoring of marine Pollution
http://ipsc.jrc.ec.europa.eu/?id=746

Björn Baschek
Chairman of EGEMP
Federal Institute of Hydrology, Germany
baschek@bafg.de


terms of Reference – (current version; agreed on
19/11/2010)


19/11/2010)
1.1
… will act as technical-scientiﬁc Working Group in support of: the
European Commission, the European Maritime Safety Agency – CleanSeaNet
User Group (EMSA CSN), EU Member States, EU Candidate Countries and
maritime EFTA (European Free Trade Association) Countries (Norway and
Iceland) in the ﬁeld of remote sensing monitoring of marine pollution.


19/11/2010)
1.1
1.2
… The aim of EGEMP will be a comprehensive exchange of information,
knowledge and expertise about the remote sensing monitoring of marine
pollution at European, regional and national level. The primary objective of
the Group will be on sea-based oil pollution. A secondary objective will be
to ensure that other types of pollution detectable by remote sensing will also
be assessed.


19/11/2010)
1.1
1.2
… The aim of EGEMP will be a comprehensive exchange of information,
knowledge and expertise about the remote sensing monitoring of marine
pollution at European, regional and national level. The primary objective of
the Group will be on sea-based oil pollution. A secondary objective will be
to ensure that other types of pollution detectable by remote sensing will also
be assessed.
1.3 The tasks of the EGEMP are the following:Provide scientific and technical
support to the European Commission, EMSA, and EU Member States,
Candidate and EFTA Countries in the field of pollution detection and tracking
by satellite monitoring; Analyze and support the process towards
standardization, for reporting system, and for agreement on best practice;
Information exchange, make available to all countries the results of past or
ongoing studies or projects related to remote sensing monitoring of marine
pollution; Draw lessons from the use of satellite information in incident
management, particularly in the context of large oil spills, including the
interpretative constraints at the scientific level.

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