Ontology-based Standardization on Knowledge Exchange in Social Knowledge Management Environments

1. Institut für Wirtschaftsinformatik,
Produktionswirtschaft und Logistik
Stefan Thalmann & Isabella Seeber
Innsbruck Information System
University of Innsbruck
School of Management
Information Systems
Universitätsstraße 15
6020 Innsbruck
together with: Peinl, R. , Hetmank, L., Kruse, P., Maier, R., Pawlowski, J.M., Bick, M.
Ontology-based Standardization on
Knowledge Exchange in Social
Knowledge Management
Environments

2. Current Team
2

3. Information Systems
Source:Apt46,Feb2012,URL:http://apt46.net/2012/02/07/social-media-
sites-explained-with-donuts/

4. Information Systems 4
Knowledge Management going social…
Source:B.D.Solis:http://www.sortingthoughts.de/blog/wp-
content/uploads/2008/12/2735401175_fcdcd0da03.jpg

5. Information Systems 5
Knowledge management trends
– connecting human and technology orientation
– moving from document repositories to distributed cloud
services
– moving from officially endorsed organizational knowledge
management applications to global social software applications
– moving from usage in specialized tasks of social software to the
central concept for connecting resources and activities
• How do we represent knowledge and connect activities, resources
and people?
Where are we going to ?

6. Information Systems Seite 6
Perspectives
Knowledge
Object
Perspective
Knowledge
Worker
Perspective
Knowledge
Process
Perspective
Knowledge
Trace
Knowledge
Bundle
Knowledge
Activity Stream
Knowledge
Activity

7. Information Systems Seite 7
Definition: Codified knowledge of externalized knowledge (e.g.
paragraphs, tables, figures, mind maps)
Knowledge Object
creator
(person)
LOM(contribute),DC(creator),MARC21(100, 110, 111,
700, 710, 711), TV-Anytime(content creator), DITA
(author)
title LOM(title), DC(title), MARC21(245,246), DITA(title)
keyword
(topic)
LOM(keyword), DC(subject), MARC21(050,060), TV-
Anytime(descriptor), DITA(keyword)
rights
(license)
LOM(rights), LOM(copyright), SCORM(rights),
DITA(copyright)
technical
description
LOM(technical), SCORM(technical), DITA(technical)

8. Information Systems Seite 8
Knowledge Activity
activity UICO (eventType), TMO (pimo:Task),
CAM (action), IMS LD (activities)
activityDescription TMO (tmo: taskDescription), IMS LD
(title, activity Description)
Dependency
(activity)
TMO (tmo:SuperSupTaskDependency)
activityState UICO (TaskState), TMO (tmo:TaskEffort,
tmo:TaskState), CAM (duration)
Definition: Goal directed actions within a user's context

9. Information Systems Seite 9
Knowledge Trace
actor (person) LOM (contribute), DC (contributor), TV-Anytime
(CreditsItem), SCORM (lifeCycle:contribute),
MPEG7 (Creator), ATOM (atom:contributor)
action activitystrea.ms
system
(system)
activitystrea.ms
target activitystrea.ms
date SCORM (lifeCycle:contribute:date), UTO (date),
ATOM (updated)
duration activitystrea.ms, hCalender (duration and
dtstart/dtend)
location from activitystrea.ms, hCalender (location)
Definition: Codified representation of a user's action that captures
contextual information

10. Information Systems Seite 10
Knowledge Activity Stream & Knowledge Bundle
title CAM
dateAdded, dateRemoved CAM
lastRead, readTimes CAM
category (ontology
concept)
ATOM
generator (information
system)
ATOM
contributor (person) ATOM
rights ATOM
Definition KAS: Time-ordered list of knowledge activities (user-centric
view)
Definition KB: Collection of knowledge traces that are affiliated to a
knowledge object (object-centric perspective)

11. Information Systems Seite 11
Knowledge Worker
name name foaf:person (lastName), hCard
(family-name), schema.org:person (name),
activitystrea.ms:person (displayName)
address
(address)
schema.org:person (address), proton
(locatedIn)
expertise (skill,
interest)
foaf:agent (interest), protont:person
(hasProfession)
membership
(community,
organization)
schema.org:person (affiliation, alumniOf,
memberOf, worksFor)
knows (person) foaf:person (knows), XFN (friend,
colleague), protont:person (isBossOf)
Definition: people with a high degree of education or expertise whose
work primarily involves the creation, distribution, or application of
knowledge

12. Information Systems Seite 12
Knowledge Container
collection structure MPEG7, LOM
aggregation level LOM
sequencing rules SCORM SS
relation to resources
(contents)
SCORM
security Baumgarten et al. (2006)
content status Office Open XML
Definition: A set of knowledge objects and their corresponding
knowledge bundles

13. Information Systems Seite 13
Proposed Ontology
person
skill
verb
duration
keyword
rights
subClassOf
community
activityState
partOf
partOf
latitude
longitude
city
description
actor
affiliated alumniOf
published
updated
worksFor
hasSkill
memberOf
hasProvider
systemlicense
organization
action
location
topic
state
knows
dependsOn
hasAction
actor
creator
knowledge
object
knowledge
trace
workLocation
knowledge
worker
homeLocation
dtStart
dtEnd
hasGenerator
hasLocation
target
colleague
isBossOf
knowledge
activity
name
title
knowledge
bundle
consistsOf consistsOf
knowledge
activity stream
dateAdded
readTimes
hasGenerator
contributor
rights
technical
requirements

14. Information Systems Seite 14
• The paper identifies seven major concepts that are needed to
foster knowledge exchange between social environments.
• We showed how descriptions about knowledge activities could be
collected by our exemplary set of metadata elements.
• The value of the ontology is that we can now easily integrate data
collected from different applications within one or several
organizations.
• This work represents an initial step of the development towards a
potential standard.
• The next steps are to perform a technical proof of concept and to
elaborate how these collected data can be used for knowledge
management.
Conclusion and Outlook

15. Contact
Isabella Seeber
Isabella.Seeber@uibk.ac.at
Stefan Thalmann
Stefan.Thalmann@uibk.ac.at
University of Innsbruck
School of Management
Information Systems I
Universitätsstraße 15
6020 Innsbruck, Austria