1. Chapter 6
Mobile, Wireless and
Pervasive Computing
1 Chapter 6

2. Need for Mobile Computing-1
 To make computer small enough so that they can be easily
carried around.
 Laptop computers were invented.
 PDAs and other handheld devices.
 Much lighter and more powerful in processing speed and
storage.
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3. Need for Mobile Computing-2
 To replace wires with wireless communication media.
 Wireless systems used in radio, TV and telephones led to
adaption of WCM to the computing environment
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4. Need for Mobile Computing-3
 To use mobile devices in a wireless environment.
 Wireless mobile computing: enables combination of a real-time
connection between a mobile device and other computing
environments such as Internet and intranet.
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5. -cont…
 Used in education, health care, entertainment, security.
 Available anywhere, anytime.
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6. Driving factors for Mobile computing :
Intel Centrino Chip-2003
 Standard feature in most laptop.
 Capabilities:
 A connection device to a wireless LAN
 Low usage of electricity, enabling users to do more work on a
single battery charge
 A high level of security
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7. Driving factors for Mobile computing :
3G and 4G
 Introduction of 3rd generation and 4th generation wireless
environments.
 Adoption of a Wi-fi as a wireless LAN
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8. Mobile Commerce
 The impact of mobile computing on human lives is very
significant.
 It also has its impact occurring in the way of conducting the
business.
 This impact is described as mobile commerce (also
known as m-commerce and m-business),
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9. M-commerce/business
 M-commerce/business is basically any e-commerce or e-
business done in a wireless environment, especially via the
Internet.
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10. -cont…
 m-commerce can be done via
 the Internet,
 private communication lines,
 smart cards, or other infrastructures
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11. -cont…
 M-commerce is a variation on existing Internet services;
 it is a natural extension of e-business.
 Mobile devices create an opportunity to deliver new services
to existing customers and to attract new ones
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12. Mobile Computing Basic Terminology
 Global positioning system (GPS).
A satellite-based tracking system that enables the
determination of a GPS device’s location.
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13. Mobile Computing Basic Terminology
 Personal digital assistant (PDA).
 A small portable computer, such as the family of Palm
handhelds and the Pocket PC devices from companies like HP.
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14. Mobile Computing Basic Terminology
 Short Message Service (SMS)
 A technology, in existence since 1991, that allows for the
sending of short text messages.
 SMS messages can be sent or received concurrently, even
during a voice or data call.
 Used by hundreds of millions of users, SMS is known as the e-
mail of m-commerce.
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15. Mobile Computing Basic Terminology
 Enhanced Messaging Service (EMS).
 An extension of SMS that is capable of simple animation,
tiny pictures, and short melodies.
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16. Mobile Computing Basic Terminology
 Multimedia Messaging Service (MMS).
 The next generation of wireless messaging, this
technology will be able to deliver rich media.
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17. Mobile Computing Basic Terminology
 Bluetooth.
 A chip technology wireless standard designed for
temporary, short-range connection (data and voice) among
mobile devices and/or other devices
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18. Mobile Computing Basic Terminology
 Wireless Application Protocol (WAP).
 A technology that offers Internet browsing from wireless
devices
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19. Mobile Computing Basic Terminology
 Smartphones
 Internet-enabled cell phones that can support mobile
applications.
 These “phones with a brain” are becoming standard devices.
 They include WAP microprocessors for Internet access and the
capabilities of PDAs as well.
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20. Mobile Computing Basic Terminology
 Wi-Fi (short for wireless fidelity)
 Refers to a standard 802.11b on which most of the wireless
local area networks (WLANs) run.
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21. Mobile Computing Basic Terminology
 WLAN (wireless local area network)
 A broad term for all 802.11 standards.
 Basically, it is a wireless version of the Ethernet networking
standard.
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22. Attributes and Drivers of Mobile
Computing
 Mobility
 Broad reach
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23. Mobility
 Mobile computing and m-commerce are based on the
fact that users carry a mobile device everywhere they go.
 Mobility implies portability.
 Users can initiate a real-time contact with other systems from
wherever they happen to be if they can connect to a wireless
network.
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24. Broad Reach
 In mobile computing, people can be reached at any time.
 Of course, users can block certain hours or certain messages,
but when users carry an open mobile device, they can be
reached instantly.
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25. Value-added attributes
 attributes that drive the development of m-commerce:
 ubiquity,
 convenience,
 instant connectivity,
 personalization, and
 localization of products and services
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26. Drivers Of Mobile Computing And M-
commerce
 Widespread Availability of Mobile Devices
 No Need for a PC
 The Handset Culture
 Vendors’ Push
 Declining Prices and Increased Functionalities
 Improvement of Bandwidth
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27. M-Commerce Value Chain and
Revenue Models
 m-commerce is a complex process involving a number of
operations and a number of players (customers, merchants,
mobile operators, and the like)
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28. Mobile Computing – Value Chain
Link Function Provider
Transport Maintenance and operation of the Technology
infrastructure supporting data platform
communication between mobile users vendors
and application providers
Enabling Server hosting, data backup, and system Infrastructure
services integration equipment
vendors
Transaction Mechanisms for assisting with Application
support transactions, security, and billing platform
vendor
Presentation Conversion of content of Internet-based Application
services applications to applications suitable for developer
28 Chapter 6 mobile devices

29. Mobile Computing – Value Chain
Link Function Provider
Personalization Gathering of users’ preferences, Content developer
support information, and devices in order to
provide individualized applications
User General and specialized applications Mobile service
applications for mobile users provider
Content Design and operation of portals that Mobile portal
aggregators offer categorized information and provider
search facilities
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30. WLAN
 A wireless LAN (WLAN) is like a wired LAN without
the cables.
 WLANs transmit and receive data over the airwaves.
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31. Wi-fi
 a transmitter with an antenna, called a wireless access point,
connects to a wired LAN from a fixed location or to satellite
dishes that provide an Internet connection.
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32. -cont…
 A wireless access point provides service to a number of users
within a small geographical perimeter (up to a couple
hundred feet), known as a “hot spot” or hotspot zone.
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33.  Several wireless access points are needed to support larger
numbers of users across a larger geographical area.
 End users can access a WLAN with their laptops, desktops,
or PDAs by adding a wireless network card.
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34. Wireless Personal Area Networks
(Wpans)
 A wireless personal area network (WPAN) is a kind of WLAN that
people have at their home offices.
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35. -cont…
 With 6.2 MOBILE COMPUTING INFRASTRUCTURE
249 Wireless Local Area Networks and Wi-Fi such a
network,
 one can connect PCs, PDAs, mobile phones, and digital music
players that detect each other and can interact
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36. Problems with Wi-Fi
 Roaming – users cannot roam from hotspot to hotspot if the
hotspots use different Wi-Fi network services
 Security – because Wi-Fi uses radio waves, it is difficult to
protect
 Cost – commercial Wi-Fi services are low cost but not free and
each service has its own fees and separate accounts for users to
logon
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37. Mobile Computing Infrastructure – WWAN’s
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38. Mobile Computing – L-Commerce Applications
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39. Landscape of Mobile Computing
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