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JAPANESE FOR BUSY PEOPLE Vol.1


         UNIT 1
     MEETING PEOPLE
LESSON 1
INTRODUCTION
1. Countries and nationalities
イギリス
igirisu   ドイツ
          doitsu         ちゅうごく
                         chuugoku                   アメリカ
                                                    amerika


                                    にほん
                                    nihon
                   タイ
                   tai




                             オーストラリア
                             oosutoraria
name of a country   +   jin   nationality

      にほん               じん    にほんじん
      nihon         +   jin   nihon jin

      ちゅうごく             じん    ちゅうごくじん
      chuugoku      +   jin   chuugoku jin

      ドイツ               じん    ドイツじん
      doitsu        +   jin   doitsu jin

      イギリス              じん    イギリスじん
      igirisu       +   jin    igirisu jin
      アメリカ              じん    アメリカじん
      amerika       +   jin   amerika jin
      オーストラリア           じん    オーストラリアじん
      oosutoraria   +   jin    oosutoraria jin

      タイ                じん    タイじん
      tai           +   jin    tai jin
2. Occupations




 べんごし                        ひしょ
bengoshi                     hisho




がくせい                        エンジニア
gakusei                      enjinia
Basic Noun Sentence
 1. XはYです

"I'm Smith.", "I'm an American.", and "I'm a lawyer." These sentences will all be
translated into Japanese using an appropriate noun and the ending word "desu".


                            ∼です。  It is . . . / I am . . .



                      スミスです。               (I am) Smith.
                      sumisu desu
                      アメリカじんです。 (I am) an American.
                      amerika jin desu
                      べんごしです。              (I am) a lawyer.
                      bengoshi desu



Note that none of above sentences has a "subject" like the "I " found in their English
counterparts. Sentences without subjects are very common in Japanese; Japanese
speakers actually tend to omit subjects whenever they think it is clear to the listener
what or who they are referring to.
What are we to do, then, when it is not clear what is being talked about? To make
explicit what we are talking about, we can say:

                   は アメリカじんです。                          is an American.
                   wa amerika jin desu

Where            stands for the thing that is talked about, or the "topic", which is later in
the sentence identified as amerika jin.

      スミスさんは アメリカじんです。                          Mr. Smith is an American.
       sumisusan wa amerika jin deus


Similarly, one can use the pattern " X wa Y desu" to identify a person or a
thing X as item Y.

           X は Y です。                                X is Y. As for X, it is Y.
              wa    desu



     わたしは たかはしです。                                        I am Takahashi.
     watashi wa takahashi desu

   ブラウンさんは ひしょです。                                 Ms. Brown is a secretary.
    braun san wa hisho deus


 リンさんは ちゅうごくじんです。                                     Ms. Lin is a Chinese.
  rin san wa chuugoku jin desu
"は (wa)" is a member of the class of words called "particles." So is the word "の (no)",
which we will turn to later in this lesson. Particles attach themselves to Phrases and 
indicate how the phrases relate to the rest of the sentence.




Note also that nouns like "ひしょ (hisho)" and "ちゅうごくじん (chuugokujin)",
which are preceded by "a ". In Japanese, there is no item that corresponds to
"a ", nor is there any item that corresponds to the plural " -s " at the end of a
noun.    Without background situations, a sentence like "ひしょです (hisho
desu)" is therefore ambiguous between the singular and the plural
interpretations; it may mean "We are/you are/they are secretary", as well
as "I am/you are/she is a secretary".
2. Question Sentences
It is very easy to form questions in Japanese. Basically, all you need to do is add "か(ka)"
at the end of a statement.
                    がくせいです。                                 (I am) a student.
                    gakusei desu

                    がくせいですか。                                (Are you) a student?
                    gakusei desu ka


 The above sentence, " がくせいですか " , is a " yes / no " question. If the question is
                           gakusei desu ka

 correct, you answer "はい" as "yes", and if it's not correct you answer "いいえ" as "no".
                        hai                                                          iie

Question:   がくせいですか。= (Are you) a student?
            gakusei desu ka

Yes answer: はい。= Yes, I am.                or       はい、がくせいです。= Yes, I am a student.
             hai                                     hai,   gakusei desu

No answer: いいえ。= No, I'm not.              or
              iie
                                   いいえ、がくせいでは ありません。= No, I'm not a student.
                                   i ie,        g aku se i de w a ari mase n


 Please note that "は" in the negative ending of a sentence "ではありません"
                               d ewa ar ima se n
 should be pronounced as "wa" just like the particle "は". "は" itself standing
                                                                         wa
 alone or in a word is pronounced as "ha" as one of hiragana "は".
                                                                                ha

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L1 1 2

  • 1. JAPANESE FOR BUSY PEOPLE Vol.1 UNIT 1 MEETING PEOPLE
  • 3. 1. Countries and nationalities イギリス igirisu ドイツ doitsu ちゅうごく chuugoku アメリカ amerika にほん nihon タイ tai オーストラリア oosutoraria
  • 4. name of a country + jin nationality にほん じん にほんじん nihon + jin nihon jin ちゅうごく じん ちゅうごくじん chuugoku + jin chuugoku jin ドイツ じん ドイツじん doitsu + jin doitsu jin イギリス じん イギリスじん igirisu + jin igirisu jin アメリカ じん アメリカじん amerika + jin amerika jin オーストラリア じん オーストラリアじん oosutoraria + jin oosutoraria jin タイ じん タイじん tai + jin tai jin
  • 5. 2. Occupations べんごし ひしょ bengoshi hisho がくせい エンジニア gakusei enjinia
  • 6. Basic Noun Sentence 1. XはYです "I'm Smith.", "I'm an American.", and "I'm a lawyer." These sentences will all be translated into Japanese using an appropriate noun and the ending word "desu". ∼です。  It is . . . / I am . . . スミスです。 (I am) Smith. sumisu desu アメリカじんです。 (I am) an American. amerika jin desu べんごしです。 (I am) a lawyer. bengoshi desu Note that none of above sentences has a "subject" like the "I " found in their English counterparts. Sentences without subjects are very common in Japanese; Japanese speakers actually tend to omit subjects whenever they think it is clear to the listener what or who they are referring to.
  • 7. What are we to do, then, when it is not clear what is being talked about? To make explicit what we are talking about, we can say: は アメリカじんです。 is an American. wa amerika jin desu Where stands for the thing that is talked about, or the "topic", which is later in the sentence identified as amerika jin. スミスさんは アメリカじんです。 Mr. Smith is an American. sumisusan wa amerika jin deus Similarly, one can use the pattern " X wa Y desu" to identify a person or a thing X as item Y. X は Y です。 X is Y. As for X, it is Y. wa desu わたしは たかはしです。 I am Takahashi. watashi wa takahashi desu ブラウンさんは ひしょです。 Ms. Brown is a secretary. braun san wa hisho deus リンさんは ちゅうごくじんです。 Ms. Lin is a Chinese. rin san wa chuugoku jin desu
  • 8. "は (wa)" is a member of the class of words called "particles." So is the word "の (no)", which we will turn to later in this lesson. Particles attach themselves to Phrases and  indicate how the phrases relate to the rest of the sentence. Note also that nouns like "ひしょ (hisho)" and "ちゅうごくじん (chuugokujin)", which are preceded by "a ". In Japanese, there is no item that corresponds to "a ", nor is there any item that corresponds to the plural " -s " at the end of a noun. Without background situations, a sentence like "ひしょです (hisho desu)" is therefore ambiguous between the singular and the plural interpretations; it may mean "We are/you are/they are secretary", as well as "I am/you are/she is a secretary".
  • 9. 2. Question Sentences It is very easy to form questions in Japanese. Basically, all you need to do is add "か(ka)" at the end of a statement. がくせいです。 (I am) a student. gakusei desu がくせいですか。 (Are you) a student? gakusei desu ka The above sentence, " がくせいですか " , is a " yes / no " question. If the question is gakusei desu ka correct, you answer "はい" as "yes", and if it's not correct you answer "いいえ" as "no". hai iie Question: がくせいですか。= (Are you) a student? gakusei desu ka Yes answer: はい。= Yes, I am. or はい、がくせいです。= Yes, I am a student. hai hai, gakusei desu No answer: いいえ。= No, I'm not. or iie いいえ、がくせいでは ありません。= No, I'm not a student. i ie, g aku se i de w a ari mase n Please note that "は" in the negative ending of a sentence "ではありません" d ewa ar ima se n should be pronounced as "wa" just like the particle "は". "は" itself standing wa alone or in a word is pronounced as "ha" as one of hiragana "は". ha