The Soil tensiometer is designed to be the most economical tensiometer commercially available. It is manufactured in France, and is used extensively throughout France and Europe. Its simple construction and Bourdon-tube gauge make it an inexpensive yet accurate and reliable instrument.

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SOIL TENSION METER
MODEL NO.- ACM-45098-RX

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SOIL TENSION METER
The Soil tensiometer is designed to be the most economical tensiometer commercially available. It is manufactured in
France, and is used extensively throughout France and Europe. Its simple construction and Bourdon-tube gauge
make it an inexpensive yet accurate and reliable instrument.
Tensiometers are simple, reliable instruments which provide a measure of the moisture status of the soil. They have
been in use for many years, and due to their simple design and rugged construction, continue to be the standard
instrument for tension measurement.
Tensiometers help answer the irrigators' questions of when and how much irrigation water to apply. Maintaining proper
moisture conditions is necessary for achieving optimal plant growth and quality. Monitoring the moisture status of the
soil allows for timely and efficient irrigations, and for avoiding unnecessary irrigations.
FEATURES
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Direct measurement of moisture conditions
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No calibration required
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Large inner-diameter body tube and water reservoir
HOW THEY ARE USED
rs the active root area and is used to determine when an irrigation is needed. A second tensiometer, installed near the
bottom of the root zone, is used to adjust the irrigation amount or system run-time in order to ensure that sufficient water
is being applied, and to avoid over-irrigation and loss of water and chemical amendments due to drainage beyond the
root zone. The moisture status of the soil is monitored by reading the tensiometers periodically. When the tension
readings in the upper tensiometer reach a certain level, an irrigation is needed. This tension level is determined by the
irrigator, and depends upon such factors as crop type, soil condition, and root depth. The lower tensiometer is
monitored to ensure that enough water has been applied to refill the root zone.
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WHAT THE READINGS MEAN
Tensiometers measure the tension with which water is held in the soil. A plant root must overcome this tension in
order to extract water held onto the soil particles, and to take in water and nutrients. Low tension readings indicate
moist conditions, with water readily available and easy for the plants to extract. As the soil dries, the remaining water
is held more tightly to the soil. Tension readings increase, and plant roots have more difficulty extracting water and
maintaining optimal growth. At some point, irrigation becomes necessary to maintain growth and quality, and to avoid
plant damage.
WHEN TO IRRIGATE
Factors such as plant variety, soil texture, and growth stage determine the tension at which irrigation should
commence. Some examples of recommended tension readings at which to begin irrigation are shown in the following
table, with information for other crop types found in the Installation and maintenance.
Tensiometers are simple to install and use. A soil auger is used to make the proper-sized hole in the ground. The
tensiometer is then inserted into the hole and left permanently. Periodically, the tensiometer may need to be refilled
with water. Under irrigated conditions, however, the tensiometer will usually refill itself when irrigation water is applied
to the field.
INTERPRETING READINGS
Tension readings are often used to determine when an irrigation is needed. The grower establishes a critical level of
moisture depletion which will be allowed, beyond which vegetative growth or fruit quality are affected. As the soil
dries, tensiometer readings increase in response to roots having to pull harder to extract water from the soil. When
the readings approach the critical moisture level, the irrigation point, an irrigation is needed.
It is also important to monitor the moisture conditions at the wet end. Over-irrigations can result in standing water and
saturated soils, lack of oxygen, poor root and plant respiration, and plant damage. Tensiometer readings can provide
information about the infiltration and drainage properties of the soil, and detect periods of saturated conditions.
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