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Implementing Automation
After Making Lean Improvements
             Tom Lawton
              President
     ADVENT DESIGN CORPORATION
AUTOMATE or NOT TO AUTOMATE
    Need to lower costs & reduce cycle times?




                             •   Too many people
                             •   Layout is bad
                             •   Can’t deliver ontime
                             •   Equipment too slow
What Do We Do?


Analyze & Evaluate
Using Lean Concepts &
Techniques
Implement Lean
Manufacturing Solutions
Design & implement
LEAN AUTOMATION!
Lean Automation Concept
Why Lean Automation?

     “After implementing lean
  improvements such as cellular
manufacturing and setup reduction,
selective automation can add value
  and reduce human variability.”

 Richard Schonberger, June 2002
Lean Manufacturing
Fundamental Principle of Lean Manufacturing



   Any activity or action which does
   not add value to the product is a
     form of waste and must be
       eliminated or minimized.
Definition of Value -Added
Value is added any time the product is physically
changed towards what the customer is intending
to purchase.

Value is also added when a service is provided
for which the customer is willing to pay (i.e.
design, engineering, etc.).

If we are not adding value, we are adding cost or
waste.

         90% of lead time is non-value added!
Lean Manufacturing
          Concepts & Techniques

Value Stream Map *
Flow: Setup Reduction, Cellular
Manufacturing, Batch Size Reduction,
Visual Workplace, Layout *
Pull: Kanban Systems, Supply Chain Management, Point of Use *
Others: Quality Improvement & Analysis *, Total Productive
Maintenance, Training *




    * Used most frequently prior to Automation
Value Stream Map
              An Assessment Tool


The value stream map follows the production
path from beginning to end and shows a visual
representation of every process in the material
and information flows

Shows how the shop floor currently operates

Foundation for the future state
Value Stream Map Concept


             Orders   Production            Orders
Suppliers                                            Customers
                       Control


                                Schedules



    I
                      Process                             I
                                Equipment
  Raw
                       Cycle                           Finished
 Materials
                       Times                            Goods
                       Change
                       Over
                       Reliability
                       Error Rate

                         Lead
                         Time


                                                              File: VSM-A1
Value Stream Map (Current State)

                                                                                          Orders Every 2 Weeks




                                                                                                                        Production Control
                              New Jersey                                                                                                              Randomly Placed
Andrea Aromatics                                             Alanx                         Order as Needed                                                                             Various
                               Porcelain                                                                                                             Orders (Various Sizes)
 (Scented Oils)                                         (Shaped Stones)                                                                                                               Customers
                            (Round Stones)



                                                                                                                                                                                   Average of 6,000
                                                                                                                                                                                   Stones per Day
                                                                                                                                                                                   in Various Size
                                                                                                                                                                                   Orders (8 to 20 case
                                                                                                                                                                                   & 200 to 400 case
                                                                                                                                                                                   range mainly)
   30 Cans of Oil             59,000 Stones                 50,000+ Stones
   Every 2 Weeks              Every 2 Weeks                 Every 2 Months
                                                              (via stringer)
                                                                                            Bi-
                                                                                            Weekly                                                   Daily Shipping
                                                                                            Productio                                                    Orders
                                                                                            n                                                                                             Daily
                                                                                            Schedule                                                                                    Shipments




                                                                 Existing Work Cell

                              Soak & Dry                          Packaging                       Labeling                 Cartoning             Case Packing                      Shipping


                                                                                                   APAI
                              Multiple                             Ameripack                                                Manual                  Manual
                                                                                                 Automatic
                             Batch Tanks                         Flow Packager
                   I                                I                                 I           Stapler           I                        I                          I
                                                                                  up to                             0                        0
     125 Cans of Oil          1 Operator          4290                                           1 Operator               1/2 Operator            1/2 Operator        90,504      1 Operator
                                                                                   250
     20,640 Round Stones                          Stones                                                                                                              Stones
                                                                                  stones
     49,000 Shaped Stones
                                                                                  in WIP
                            C/T = 25 - 65 min.                    C/T = 1 sec.                   C/T = 3 sec.             C/T = 2 sec.            C/T = 1 sec.
                            C/O = 10 min.                         C/O = 5 min.                   C/O = 2 min.             C/O = N/A               C/O = N/A
                            Rel. = 100%                           Rel. = 85%                     Rel. = 80%               Rel. = 100%             Rel. = 100%



           11.6 Days                             0.7 Days                                                                                                             15.1 days       27.4 Days Lead Time

                                                                                                                                                                                      65 minutes, 7 seconds
                               65 min.                                                                  7 seconds
                                                                                                                                                                                         Value-Added Time
Value Stream Map (Future State)

                                                                                           Orders Every Week




                              New Jersey                                                                                                                       Randomly Placed
Andrea Aromatics                                             Alanx                            Monthly Order                Production Control                                                       Various
                               Porcelain                                                                                                                      Orders (Various Sizes)
 (Scented Oils)                                         (Shaped Stones)                                                                                                                            Customers
                            (Round Stones)



                                                                                                                                                                                               Average of 6,000
                                                                                                                                                                                               Stones per Day
                                                                                                                                                                                               in Various Size
                                                                                                                                                                                               Orders (8 to 20 case
                                                                                                                                                                                               & 200 to 400 case
                                                                                              Bi-Weekly                                                                                        range mainly)
   12 to 16 Cans              30,000 Stones                 25,000 Stones                     Production
   of Oil Once a              Once a Week                   Once a Month                      Schedule
   Week                                                     (via stringer)                    (large
                                                                                              orders)
                                                                                                                                                              Daily Shipping
                                                                                                                                                                  Orders
                                                                                                                                                                                                       Daily
                                                                                                                                                                                                     Shipments



                                                                                                                                                4 Cases

                                                                 Existing Work Cell

                              Soak & Dry                          Packaging                          Labeling                 Cartoning                   Case Packing                         Shipping


                                                                                                      APAI
                              Multiple                             Ameripack                                                   Manual                        Manual
                                                                                                    Automatic
                             Batch Tanks                         Flow Packager
                   I                                I                                  I             Stapler           I                          I
                                                                                  up to                                0                          0
     75 Cans of Oil           1 Operator          4290                                              1 Operator               1/2 Operator                  1/2 Operator        30,000          1 Operator
                                                                                   250
     40,000 Round Stones                          Stones                                                                                                                       Stones
                                                                                  stones
     25,000 Shaped Stones                                                                                                                                                      in a supermarket
                                                                                  in WIP
                                                                                                                                                                               type arrangement
                            C/T = 25 - 65 min.                    C/T = 1 sec.                      C/T = 3 sec.             C/T = 2 sec.                  C/T = 1 sec.        with stocking levels
                            C/O = 10 min.                         C/O = 5 min.                      C/O = 2 min.             C/O = N/A                     C/O = N/A           by shape and scent
                            Rel. = 100%                           Rel. = 85%                        Rel. = 80%               Rel. = 100%                   Rel. = 100%



                                                                                      Increase
           10.8 Days                             0.7 Days                                                                                                                      5.0 days            16.5 Days Lead Time
                                                                                      Reliability
                                                                                                                                                                                                   65 minutes, 7 seconds
                               65 min.                                                                     7 seconds
                                                                                                                                                                                                      Value-Added Time
VSM IMPLEMENTAION
                                       FUTURE STATE IMPLEMENTATION PLAN & SCHEDULE
                                                                                                                                                       SEQUENCE COMPLETION
             LOOP                                  OBJECTIVES                                               PROJECTS                                   (PRIORITY) DATE (Mon./Yr)
          Supplier Loop             * Develop pull system with suppliers            1. Review Weekly/Monthly Requirements With Suppliers                   1           Sep-01
                                    * Increase number of deliveries per week        2. Revise current blanket orders                                       1           Sep-01
                                    * Reduce raw material inventory to match        3. Send daily consumption data to suppliers                            2           Nov-01
                                                                                    4. Setup point of use raw material areas                               1           Oct-01

    Production Control Loop         * Implement daily shipping schedule             1. Single point to schedule( shipping). See pacemaker loop.            1           Oct-01
                                    * Work to schedule manufacturing based on
                                    shipping requirements                           2. Daily production schedule by Operations Manager                     1           Oct-01
                                                                                    3. Implement kanban loops as shown on future state VSM                 2           Nov-01
                                                                                    4. Use MRP for materials forecasting                                   1           Oct-01
             Element                * Reduce lead time                              1. Eliminate WIP between winding & annealing                           1           Sep-01
              Loop                  * Develop continuous flow                       2. Implement supermarket for element prep and kanbans                  1           Oct-01
                                    * Develop pull system with element prep
                                    supermarket                                     3. Crosstrain element assembly operations                              2           Dec-01




     Module Assembly Loop           * Reduce cycle time                             1. Analyze process variance in environmental test                      1           Oct-01
                                    * Reduce variation in cycle time in testing     2. Analyze process variance in module drydown                          1           Oct-01
                                    * Reduce variation in cycle time in drydown     3. Implement supermarket and kanbans for cell installation             1           Oct-01
                                    * Establish pull system with supermarket from
                                    cell installation                               4. Crosstrain module assembly operations                               2           Dec-01
                                    * Reduce use of carriers                        5. Analyze need for carriers vs. subassembly units                     1           Sep-01
                                                                                    6. Analyze material handling reductions and layout
                                                                                    improvements for element prep operations                               3           Jan-02
                                                                                    7. Set up leak tested subassembly units in supermarket for final
                                                                                    assembly                                                               1           Oct-01
         Pacemaker Loop             * Reduce cycle time                             1. Improve assembly methods in final mechancial assembly               2           Dec-01
                                    * Establish pull system with supermarket from   2. Review design for manufacturing assembly improvements for
 (Unit Assembly/Shipping Loop)      shipping                                        tubing assembly                                                        3           Feb-02
                                                                                    3. Consolidate inspection with final mechanical assembly or
                                                                                    shipping/packing                                                       2           Nov-01
                                                                                    4. Set up raw material suppermarket for final assembly                 1           Oct-01
                                                                                    5. Crosstrain unit assembly operations                                 2           Dec-01




NOTES:
1. Conduct kanban and point of use training for plant personnel in 2001.
2. Priotities as follows: #1(Complete in 2 months), #2(Complete in 4 months), #3(Complete in 6 months)
3. Consider use of teams for implementation after training.
Implementing Lean Changes
“My conclusion is that all of us making a lean leap
will need to deal with capability issues (TQM/Six
Sigma) and with availability issues (TPM) while
removing wasted steps and introducing flow and
pull in every value stream (TPS). My further
conclusion is that there is no “right sequence” to
follow in tackling these problems. Rather it
depends on the nature of the product, the nature of
the process technology, and the nature of the
business.”

Jim Womack, October 2002
How Do We Use Lean Techniques
       for Automation?
Assess the operation using a Value Stream
Map and/or PFDs (Product families & Production data)
Evaluate the layout
Identify lean improvements & kaizens
without automation
Implement lean improvements using VSM
plan
Identify lean automation opportunities
Design and implement lean automation
Start the cycle again!
The Lean Automation Cycle



 Assessment   Recommended      Set Up
   (VSM)        Solutions      Layout
                               Cells
Continuous                     Visual

Improvement
                               Automation

              Implementation   Information
   DO IT!
                   Plan          Systems
Levels of Automation
          Load        Machine     Unload       Transfer
Levels   Machine       Cycle      Machine        Part

  1      Operator    Operator     Operator     Operator

  2      Operator      AUTO       Operator     Operator

  3      Operator      AUTO         AUTO       Operator


                    The Great Divide

  4        AUTO        AUTO         AUTO       Operator

  5        AUTO        AUTO         AUTO         AUTO


As defined by the Lean Enterprise Institute in “Creating
                  Continuous Flow”
Low Productivity
           Electrical Device Assembly
           The Challenge in Two Steps

Client wanted wave
soldering and robotic pick
and place
Functional operational
layout
Ergonomic problems
Extensive material staging
No space
Initially, 13 people in
Aurora cell
Low output: 300 units/day
Lean Techniques Used
           Before Automation
Process flow diagrams

Cellular Manufacturing & Layout

Balance Cycle Times Between Work
Stations

Reduce Batch Size & parts staging

Quality Data Collection & Analysis
(Reduce Reject Rate)
Cellular Assembly Layout
WORKSTATION CYCLE TIME: 25sec., 1.25 min.
                                                                                           Cell Changes
                                                                             REJECT
                                 PER 3 UNITS
           2                                                                  DATA

          LED
                                                                               TEST
        SOLDER
         & CUT
                                 4            5            6            7
                                                                   ATTACH
                                                                             SAMPLES
                                                                                           8       9
                                                                    BACK
                              ASSEMBLY    CONTACTS   BUTTON &                           GLUE
                                                                   COVER,
                                 #1       ASSEMBLY    BATTERY                          SWITCH/
                                                                    STAKE                         PACK
       LED
1
                             COLD STAKE       &      ASSEMBLY                          ATTACH
                                                                   STRAP &
    PLACEMENT                 TEST PCBs    SOLDER      LABEL                            STRAP
                                                                   ATTACH
                                                                    STRAP

                                                      INSERT
TEST         LED               REJECT
                                                      SWITCH
PCBs       SOLDER               DATA                 ACTIVATOR
            & CUT



                 3                                                                ASSIST
                                                                                                           REJECT
                                                                                                            DATA
                                  AFTER CHANGES WORKSTATION CYCLE TIME: 25sec.,
                                              1.25 min. PER 3 UNITS
                                                                                                             TEST
                                                                                                    4      SAMPLES
                                                     1              2                  3                                5      6
                                                                                                 ATTACH
                                                                                                  BACK
                                                ASSEMBLY         CONTACTS       BUTTON &                              GLUE
                                PCBs from                                                        COVER,
                                                   #1            ASSEMBLY        BATTERY                             SWITCH/
                                 supplier                                                         STAKE                        PACK
                                               COLD STAKE            &          ASSEMBLY                             ATTACH
                                                                                                 STRAP &
                                                TEST PCBs         SOLDER          LABEL                               STRAP
                                                                                                 ATTACH
                                                                                                  STRAP




                                                  REJECT                         INSERT
                                                   DATA                          SWITCH
                                                                                ACTIVATOR
Lean Automation Changes
                     Level 1


Cold staking fixtures

Powered screw
drivers

Light test fixture

Soldering fixture
With Lean Automation Level 1
The Results
  Balanced cell at 24 sec
  per work station
  Two U-shaped cells
  3 piece flow
  1000 units/day per cell
  vs 300
  6 people per cell vs 13
  Faster identification of
  quality problems
  Point of use storage
  Better teamwork
  No backlog
Reducing Lead Time
            Steel Panel Fabrication
                The Challenge


Client wanted to reduce
lead time to less than one
week
Automated equipment had
been installed
Panel rejects & rework
Material flow problems
Lean Techniques Used
           Before Automation


Value Stream Mapping

Process flow diagrams

Quality Data Collection & Analysis
(Reduce Reject Rate)

Setup time Analysis
Value Stream Map (Current State)
                                                                                                   Blanket Annual Purchase
                                                                                                   Order with Daily Releases




                                                                                                                                      Production Control
                                                                                                                                                                           Randomly Placed
                                                                                                                                      (normally working                                                       Various Distributors
  Sheet Galvanized              Sheet Galvanized            Sheet Galvanized           Sheet Galvanized                                                                    Orders (normally
                                                                                                                                     24 to 48 hours ahead                                                    (~ 24 for Smith Corp. &
Steel (4’ by 8’ or cut)        Steel (4’ by 8’ or cut)     Steel (4’ by 8’ or cut)    Steel (4’ by 8’ or cut)                                                              single unit orders)
                                                                                                                                              of                                                             ~ 6 for Jones Systems
                                                                                                                                     promised shipment)


                                                                                                                                                                                                             Average volume of 1000
                                                                                                                                                                                                             systems per month in peak
                                                                                                                                                                                                             season.
                                                                                                                                                                                                             Customers are mainly
                                                                                                                                                                                                             distributors. There are a
                                                                                                                                                                                                             few dealers.




                                                                                                           Daily                                       Daily
    Up to an average                                                                                                                                                                        Daily
                                                                                                         Production                                  Production
     of 130,000 lbs                                                                                                                                                                        Shipping                          Daily
                                                                                                          Reports                                     Reports
      daily in peak                                                                                                                                                                        Schedule                        Shipments
         season




                                                              In Straight
                                                              Panel Dept.

                       Shear                   Notch            Specialty Punch        Corner Punch                  Bend          Stake & Label        Add Z Brace           Radius & Band              Rack              Shipping
                 1 Accurshear              1 Manual              4 Semi-Auto           3 Semi-Auto                 1 Manual         1 Automated        1 Automated          1 Manual Table,
                  Automated              Notcher (S-23)            Punches               Punches                 Brake (R-7)       Machine (R-8)      Machine (ACR)            1 Jig-less
                  Shear (P-3)            & 1 Automated                               (S-1, S-2, & S-3)          & 1 Automated                                               Machine (R12),
      I                                  Notcher (R-3)                                                           Brake (R-13)                                               & 1 Jig Machine
                                                                                                                                                                                  (R1)
2 to 5 days                                                                                                                                                                                           1 Material
                   1 Operator               1/2 Operator           0 Operators           1 Operator               1/2 Operator      1/2 Operator            1/2 Operator        2 Operators                                2 Operators
depending                                                                                                                                                                                              Handler
on pre-cut
    size
                 C/T = 4 min.             C/T = 2 min.           C/T = 2 min.          C/T = 2 min.               C/T = 5 min.     C/T = 2 min.         C/T = 7 min.        C/T = 8 min.              C/T = N/A
                 C/O = N/A                C/O = 4 min            C/O = N/A             C/O = up to                C/O = 30 to      C/O = N/A            C/O = N/A                 (average)           C/O = N/A
                 Rel. = 99%               Rel. = 95%             Rel. = 99%                   30 min.                    60 sec.   Rel. = 99%           Rel. = 98% to       C/O = 2 to 30             Rel. = 100%
                                                                                       Rel. = 99%                 Rel. = 90%                                   99%                  min.
                                                                                                                                                                            Rel. = 80%
                                                                                                                                                                                                                       2 to 5 Working Days,
                                                                                                                                                                                   to 100%
                                                                                                                                                                                                                           Lead Time
 2 to 5 days

                                                                                                                                                                                                                       32 minutes,
                      4 min.                  2 min.                 2 min.               2 min.                     5 min.           2 min.                 7 min.               8 min.
                                                                                                                                                                                                                          Value-Added Time
INITIAL IMPROVEMENT CONCEPTS


Improve reliability and changeover
capability of R1 and R12 machines.
Reduce panel reject rate.
                                     Radius & Band
                                     1 Manual Table,       Rack
                                        1 Jig-less
                                     Machine (R12),
                                     & 1 Jig Machine
                                                         1 Material
                                           (R1)
                                                          Handler
                                       2 Operators

                                       C/T = 8 min.      C/T = N/A
                                             (average)   C/O = N/A
                                       C/O = 2 to 30     Rel. = 100%
                                               min.
                                       Rel. = 80%
                                              to 100%



                                            8 min.
6 Foot Long Custom Radius Panel Fabrication
                                 Trumpf Area                                      Straight Panel Dept.

                                                 Notch
    Panel
                                                & Punch                      Bend                Add Z Brace(s)
   Material
                    Raw                         (Trumpf                     & Stake               (if required)
                Material Stock                  Machine)

          14 Ga. Galvanized Steel
 (pre-cut 53-15/16” by 6’3-15/16” sheets)




                                                                    Radius
                                                                   & Band
                                             Label                                             Rack                          Ship
                                                                 (R12 - Jigless
                                                                   Machine)
                  WIP Stock

               16 Different Panels
              with Various Cutouts          Custom Panel Dept.




    Band
                                                     Shear
   Material
                    Raw                              & Cut
                Material Stock

         11 Ga. Galvanized Steel                                                  Partially finished panels are stocked in
        (4’ by 8’ standard sheets)                                                sixteen different configurations. Panels
                                                                                  are finished to order. Work is done in
                                                                                  three different areas as noted.                   7/19/02
R12 OPERATION
                                                                     CAUSE AND EFFECT DIAGRAM
                                                                                             Figure 1
                                                                                    Red = Most Important Causes




               SET UP VALUES
                  CHANGE
                                                                                                                                     NO SPECS
                                                       OPERATORS                                    MEASUREMENT
                                                                                                                      RADIUS TEMPLATE
        MAINTENANCE                                                                                                      ACCURACY
                                                                          PANEL
            CHANGES
                                                                       SQUARENESS
            SETTINGS                       DIFFERENT SETUP
                                             PROCEDURES                                 NO DIMENSIONAL SPECS
                                                                                           OR TOLERANCES                  DIFFERENT
                                OPEATOR                                                                                MEASURES USED ON
                                                                     OPERATOR                                              R1 & R12
                               PREFERENCE
                                                                    JUDGEMENT
      NO TRUST                                                                      RADIUS     ANGLES

                                                                       NO SPECS                                                                                                     DON'T MEET
                                                                                                     SEGMENT
                                                                                                      LENGTH                                                                        CURVATURE
                                                                                                                                                                                     TEMPLATE
                                                                                                                                                                                 REQUIREMENTS AT
                    MOUNTING                                                                                                                                                            SETUP
                     WRONG
   DIGITAL READOUT                                                                                                                                                                 (4' & 6' RADIUS
                                                                                                     PANEL WIDTH VARIES
       USELESS                                                                                                                                                                         PANELS)
        POOR TRANSDUCER                                                    BAD                                        3 SUPPLIERS                                     SHEET DIMENSIONS
           SELECTION           USE OF AIR vs.                                                                                                                               VARY
                                                                        BEARINGS
                                HYDRAULICS                                                      BANDS HAVE
                                                                        ON LOWER
                                                                                                  CAMBER
                                                                        FORMING
                                INDEXES VARY
                                                                          TOOL
                                                                                                                                                                         GALVINIZED COATING
INDEXES VARY        CRUDE INDEX                                                                                       INACCURATE                                           DIFFERENT ON
                                                         POOR MAINT
                   SYSTEM DESIGN                                                                                        CUTTING                                                PANELS
                                                                                              LOCATION PANEL OF
                                                                                              SPECIALTY PUNCHES
     NOTCH O.D.SPACING VARIES                                                                          ON PANEL                                                                          SURFACE FINISH
                                                RADIUS VARIES
               .09 IN                                                        BACKING SHOE                                                                                                       VARIES
                                                 SIDE TO SIDE                                                                                      DIFFERENT
                                                                             ADJ.USTMENT.                                                       STEEL PROPERTIES
                                                                                                              PANEL NOTCH POSITION
                                                                                                                     VARIES                                                           NO SPECS              3 SUPPLIERS
AIR CYLINDER                                      PANELS CATCH AT
  OPPOSING                                          LAST 2 BENDS
HYDRAULIC IN
    HEAD                 AIR PRESSURE LOW                                                     WIDTH OF STEEL BETWEEN
  ASSEMBLY
                                                                                             NOTCHES VARIES 3.75 to 4.0 in.
                                                                                                                                                              YIELD STRENGTH VARIES
                                                       CONVEYOR NOT                               ACROSS RADIUS
                                MAINTENANCE
   EQUIPMENT                                             ADJUSTED                                                                                   PLATE
                                                                                                                                                  THICKNESS
                                                                                   PUNCH                         NO SPECS                           VARIES                               HOT VS COLD ROLL
                                                                                  LOCATION
                                                         PANEL NOT                 VARIES
                                                       SQUARE. wIDTH                                                                                                                          3 SUPPLIERS
                                                        TOO LARGE
                                                                                                                                                                          NO SPECS
                                                                                      DIFFERENT
                                                                                      EQUIPMENT
                                                                                         USED
                                                                                                                         MATERIAL                                                              COATING

                                                        STRAIGHT PANEL
                                                                                                                      (PANELS, STEEL)                                                           VARIES

                                                                                                                                                                               3 SUPPLIERS
                                                           SPECIALTY PUNCH
R12 Process Improvements
     Separate Process & Machine Issues

Common setup procedure
Replace measurement gages
Established process capability
Implementing process controls
for panel dimensions
Working with suppliers to
control steel plate dimensions
Completed identified
maintenance actions
Implementing PM program
Lean Automation In Progress
               Level 2

Modification of Radius
Bending Machine R12
Operate as a cell
Runs two product families
Changeover in less than 10
sec. within product family
Changeover in less than 5
min. between product
families
Cycle time reduced from 5
min. to 1.8 min.
MACHINE MODIFICATIONS
        • Automated band cutting
        • Radius measurement on line
        • Servo driven adjustments from
        panel bar codes
Long Cycle Times - Low Productivity
           Electric Drill Assembly
               The Challenge

40 sec. cycle time for
2 parts. Manual
Assembly
3 different assemblies
12 “machines” (Four
tooled for three
assemblies)
24 operators on two
shifts
Client wanted one
large machine
Lean Techniques Used
           Before Automation

Product Family Value Stream Map

Cycle Time Reduction to Produce Small
Batches (Needed 4 sec. cycle time

Setup Time Reduction

Visual Workplace
Lean Automation
 Automated Pin/Carrier
Assembly System Level 3
AFTER Automated Pin/Carrier
          Assembly System
                    The Results
3 semi-automated
machines vs 1 BIG
ONE! ($1mm savings)
Each machine runs a
product family
No changeover
3 sec. cycle time per
carrier vs 40 sec.
3 operators on 1 shift
vs 24
Small batches
Acceptance in 1 day
Long Cycle Times - Low Productivity
              Bearing Assembly
               The Challenge

Functional layout
Average batch size of
900 bearings
Long set ups of 9 hrs
Large amount of WIP
Long lead times of 4
to 9 weeks
3 shift operation
BEFORE Lean Automation
Lean Techniques Used
             Before Automation

Product Family Value Stream Map

Set Up Time Reduction (quick changeover chuck)

Cellular Manufacturing & Layout

Balance Flow & Cycle Time Reduction to
Produce Small Batches
AFTER Cellular Layout
Next Step - Lean Automation Level 3
     AUTOMATIC LOADER/UNLOADER


                    Automated parts
                    feeding & reduced
                    handling
                    Decouple machine
                    cycle from operator
                    Cell cycle time at 1
                    min. per bearing
                    Setup time reduced to
                    2 to 4 hrs
                    One shift operation
                    Average batch size of
                    100 down to 10
AUTOMATIC LOADER/UNLOADER
Low Machine Output - Long Cycle Times
               Toy Parts Bagging Lines
                   The Challenge

Lines average 5 to 10
bags per minute
Feeders not movable
between lines
Lines operate differently
Operators dedicated to
lines. No one wants Line
#7
Large amounts of WIP
Client wanted more
feeders & lines
Lean Techniques Used
           Before Automation


Process Flow Diagrams

Setup Time Reduction

Cycle Time Reduction to Produce Smaller
Orders

Visual Workplace
After Lean Automation Level 3
 Line Electrical and Controls Modifications

                         Average 12 to 20 bags
                         per minute vs 5 to 10
                         Feeders interchangeable
                         between lines
                         All lines have the same
                         control system
                         Control panels are the
                         same
                         Operators can run any
                         line
                         No new feeders required
Bagging Line Layout
Lean Automation Part 3
 Rod Orienter for Improved Parts Feeding
                               AFTER

BEFORE
Lean Automation Part 3
   Continuous Improvement
Reconfiguration Changes to Bagging


                    Two lines installed at
                    Advent Design
                    Changed bag
                    configurations
                    Slow-feeding, complex
                    parts run on small
                    bagging line
                    Running common parts
                    on bagging lines
Across the “Great Divide”




    Level 4 Automation
Low Productivity - Complex Flow
           Stainless Dinner Ware
               The Challenge

Functional layout
Manual packing on 3
shifts
128 packers
Ergonomic problems
Extensive material
staging
BEFORE Lean Automation
Functional Layout with Manual Assembly
Recommended Automation Option
                       (Coating with Possible Shrink Bundles)
Wrapping                Bag sealed on               Shrink Wrap               Shrink Wrap in         Coating            Strip Wrapping
Options (1)            three sides (1a)            Individual (1b)             Bundles (1c)           (1d)                    (1e)


 Wrapping         Existing                    New                    Shrink               Coating            Strip Wrap             Strip Wrap
Machine (2)       Machine                    Bagging                 Wrap                 Machine             Machine                Machine
                   (2a)                      Machine                Machine                (2d)            (perpendicular           (parallel to
                                              (2b)                    (2c)                                  to flow) (2e)            flow) (2f)

Transfer to                                            Man.                              Robot
                                                                          Auto.
storage (3)                                            (3a)               (3b)            (3c)



 Storage (4)                 Existing Tray                     Redesigned                Magazine                  Reel
                                 (4a)                           Tray (4b)                  (4c)                    (4d)



 Feeding(5)                    Manual                         Robotic Pick                (Semi)                Continuous /
                               Feeding                         and Place                 Automated              Tractor Type
                                 (5a)                            (5b)                    Magazine               Feed and Cut
                                                                                            (5c)                    (5d)



                                   Deck                                                                                           Bomb Bay
                               (consumer                                                                                            Door
  Coated Pieces
                                line only)

                                                              End Loading
                                 Deck
    Coating                                                    Cartoning                Labeling                Case
                               Insertion                                                                                          Palletizer
    Removal                                                     Machine                 Machine                Packer
                              (next slide)
                                                              (with leaflet
                                                               dispenser)
                                                                                                                                    SHIP
B r o c a d e C a r to n in g L in e O p tio n s

      T rays




                                                                 D is p la y
                                                                  D ecks




   C a r to n e r
    5 PPS &
 S e r v in g S e ts         R o b o tic             R o b o tic               R o b o tic             R o b o tic         R o b o tic
                         P ic k & P la c e       P ic k & P la c e         P ic k & P la c e       P ic k & P la c e   P ic k & P la c e



    L a b e le r
                                                              A u to m a te d
                                C a r to n e r                                                   C a rto n e r            C a r to n er
                                                             S h r in k W r a p
                                 2 0 P ie c e                                                     4 0 P ie c e         F o o d S e r v ic e
                                                                    L in e




  C ase P a ck er
(In n er C a rto n )             L a b e le r                   L a b e le r                      L a b e le r             L a b e le r




 C ase P a ck er
 (O u te r                   C a se P a ck er                C a se P a ck er                  C a se P a ck er
 C a rto n )




   L a b e le r                  L a b e le r                   L a b e le r                      L a b e le r




                                                                                                P a lle tiz e r          P a lle tiz e r
AFTER Lean Automation Levels 2 & 4
Focused Product Family Automation with 59 operators vs 128
How Do Implement Lean Automation?
 Assess the operation using a Value Stream
 Map or PFDs (Product families & Production data)

 Evaluate the layout and flow

 Identify lean improvements & kaizens
 without automation
    Quality improvement
    TPM
    Point of Use
How Do Implement Lean Automation?
 Implement lean improvements using VSM
 plan

 Identify lean automation opportunities
   Reduce repetitive motion
   Reduce material handling
   Improve quality


 Design and implement lean automation

 Start the cycle again!
Benefits of Lean Automation
                  Summary

Lower cost automation

Simpler implementation & faster acceptance

Greater flexibility for setup & material flow

Maximizes operator utilization

Better use of floor space
Where Do We Go From Here?
      Become knowledgeable of Lean
      Techniques (MEPs)
      Question automation assumptions
      Implement Lean solutions
      first…then automate
      Design engineers must think
      differently
      Get work force involved: Use of
      automation kaizens
      Establish a cycle of continuous
      improvement
Lean Automation Makes Us All
                Winners!
Reduced lead times

        Reduced costs

Shorter cycle times

           Smaller batch sizes

          Reduced inventory

     Improved quality

               Greater flexibility
Bill Chesterson   CEO
                                         Automation & Product Design
 Advent Design                           215 781 0500 Ext: 203
  Corporation                            bill.chesterson@adventdesign.com

   925 Canal Street       Tom Lawton     President
   Bristol PA, 19007                     Contract Manufacturing
                                         215 781 0500 Ext: 202
   (P) 215 781 0500
   (F) 215 781 0508                      tom.lawton@adventdesign.com

www.adventdesign.com     Frank Garcia    Director
                                         Planning & Productivity
                                         215 781 0500 Ext: 207
                                         frank.garcia@adventdesign.com

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Implementing Automation After Making Lean Improvements

  • 1. Implementing Automation After Making Lean Improvements Tom Lawton President ADVENT DESIGN CORPORATION
  • 2. AUTOMATE or NOT TO AUTOMATE Need to lower costs & reduce cycle times? • Too many people • Layout is bad • Can’t deliver ontime • Equipment too slow
  • 3. What Do We Do? Analyze & Evaluate Using Lean Concepts & Techniques Implement Lean Manufacturing Solutions Design & implement LEAN AUTOMATION!
  • 5. Why Lean Automation? “After implementing lean improvements such as cellular manufacturing and setup reduction, selective automation can add value and reduce human variability.” Richard Schonberger, June 2002
  • 6. Lean Manufacturing Fundamental Principle of Lean Manufacturing Any activity or action which does not add value to the product is a form of waste and must be eliminated or minimized.
  • 7. Definition of Value -Added Value is added any time the product is physically changed towards what the customer is intending to purchase. Value is also added when a service is provided for which the customer is willing to pay (i.e. design, engineering, etc.). If we are not adding value, we are adding cost or waste. 90% of lead time is non-value added!
  • 8. Lean Manufacturing Concepts & Techniques Value Stream Map * Flow: Setup Reduction, Cellular Manufacturing, Batch Size Reduction, Visual Workplace, Layout * Pull: Kanban Systems, Supply Chain Management, Point of Use * Others: Quality Improvement & Analysis *, Total Productive Maintenance, Training * * Used most frequently prior to Automation
  • 9. Value Stream Map An Assessment Tool The value stream map follows the production path from beginning to end and shows a visual representation of every process in the material and information flows Shows how the shop floor currently operates Foundation for the future state
  • 10. Value Stream Map Concept Orders Production Orders Suppliers Customers Control Schedules I Process I Equipment Raw Cycle Finished Materials Times Goods Change Over Reliability Error Rate Lead Time File: VSM-A1
  • 11. Value Stream Map (Current State) Orders Every 2 Weeks Production Control New Jersey Randomly Placed Andrea Aromatics Alanx Order as Needed Various Porcelain Orders (Various Sizes) (Scented Oils) (Shaped Stones) Customers (Round Stones) Average of 6,000 Stones per Day in Various Size Orders (8 to 20 case & 200 to 400 case range mainly) 30 Cans of Oil 59,000 Stones 50,000+ Stones Every 2 Weeks Every 2 Weeks Every 2 Months (via stringer) Bi- Weekly Daily Shipping Productio Orders n Daily Schedule Shipments Existing Work Cell Soak & Dry Packaging Labeling Cartoning Case Packing Shipping APAI Multiple Ameripack Manual Manual Automatic Batch Tanks Flow Packager I I I Stapler I I I up to 0 0 125 Cans of Oil 1 Operator 4290 1 Operator 1/2 Operator 1/2 Operator 90,504 1 Operator 250 20,640 Round Stones Stones Stones stones 49,000 Shaped Stones in WIP C/T = 25 - 65 min. C/T = 1 sec. C/T = 3 sec. C/T = 2 sec. C/T = 1 sec. C/O = 10 min. C/O = 5 min. C/O = 2 min. C/O = N/A C/O = N/A Rel. = 100% Rel. = 85% Rel. = 80% Rel. = 100% Rel. = 100% 11.6 Days 0.7 Days 15.1 days 27.4 Days Lead Time 65 minutes, 7 seconds 65 min. 7 seconds Value-Added Time
  • 12. Value Stream Map (Future State) Orders Every Week New Jersey Randomly Placed Andrea Aromatics Alanx Monthly Order Production Control Various Porcelain Orders (Various Sizes) (Scented Oils) (Shaped Stones) Customers (Round Stones) Average of 6,000 Stones per Day in Various Size Orders (8 to 20 case & 200 to 400 case Bi-Weekly range mainly) 12 to 16 Cans 30,000 Stones 25,000 Stones Production of Oil Once a Once a Week Once a Month Schedule Week (via stringer) (large orders) Daily Shipping Orders Daily Shipments 4 Cases Existing Work Cell Soak & Dry Packaging Labeling Cartoning Case Packing Shipping APAI Multiple Ameripack Manual Manual Automatic Batch Tanks Flow Packager I I I Stapler I I up to 0 0 75 Cans of Oil 1 Operator 4290 1 Operator 1/2 Operator 1/2 Operator 30,000 1 Operator 250 40,000 Round Stones Stones Stones stones 25,000 Shaped Stones in a supermarket in WIP type arrangement C/T = 25 - 65 min. C/T = 1 sec. C/T = 3 sec. C/T = 2 sec. C/T = 1 sec. with stocking levels C/O = 10 min. C/O = 5 min. C/O = 2 min. C/O = N/A C/O = N/A by shape and scent Rel. = 100% Rel. = 85% Rel. = 80% Rel. = 100% Rel. = 100% Increase 10.8 Days 0.7 Days 5.0 days 16.5 Days Lead Time Reliability 65 minutes, 7 seconds 65 min. 7 seconds Value-Added Time
  • 13. VSM IMPLEMENTAION FUTURE STATE IMPLEMENTATION PLAN & SCHEDULE SEQUENCE COMPLETION LOOP OBJECTIVES PROJECTS (PRIORITY) DATE (Mon./Yr) Supplier Loop * Develop pull system with suppliers 1. Review Weekly/Monthly Requirements With Suppliers 1 Sep-01 * Increase number of deliveries per week 2. Revise current blanket orders 1 Sep-01 * Reduce raw material inventory to match 3. Send daily consumption data to suppliers 2 Nov-01 4. Setup point of use raw material areas 1 Oct-01 Production Control Loop * Implement daily shipping schedule 1. Single point to schedule( shipping). See pacemaker loop. 1 Oct-01 * Work to schedule manufacturing based on shipping requirements 2. Daily production schedule by Operations Manager 1 Oct-01 3. Implement kanban loops as shown on future state VSM 2 Nov-01 4. Use MRP for materials forecasting 1 Oct-01 Element * Reduce lead time 1. Eliminate WIP between winding & annealing 1 Sep-01 Loop * Develop continuous flow 2. Implement supermarket for element prep and kanbans 1 Oct-01 * Develop pull system with element prep supermarket 3. Crosstrain element assembly operations 2 Dec-01 Module Assembly Loop * Reduce cycle time 1. Analyze process variance in environmental test 1 Oct-01 * Reduce variation in cycle time in testing 2. Analyze process variance in module drydown 1 Oct-01 * Reduce variation in cycle time in drydown 3. Implement supermarket and kanbans for cell installation 1 Oct-01 * Establish pull system with supermarket from cell installation 4. Crosstrain module assembly operations 2 Dec-01 * Reduce use of carriers 5. Analyze need for carriers vs. subassembly units 1 Sep-01 6. Analyze material handling reductions and layout improvements for element prep operations 3 Jan-02 7. Set up leak tested subassembly units in supermarket for final assembly 1 Oct-01 Pacemaker Loop * Reduce cycle time 1. Improve assembly methods in final mechancial assembly 2 Dec-01 * Establish pull system with supermarket from 2. Review design for manufacturing assembly improvements for (Unit Assembly/Shipping Loop) shipping tubing assembly 3 Feb-02 3. Consolidate inspection with final mechanical assembly or shipping/packing 2 Nov-01 4. Set up raw material suppermarket for final assembly 1 Oct-01 5. Crosstrain unit assembly operations 2 Dec-01 NOTES: 1. Conduct kanban and point of use training for plant personnel in 2001. 2. Priotities as follows: #1(Complete in 2 months), #2(Complete in 4 months), #3(Complete in 6 months) 3. Consider use of teams for implementation after training.
  • 14. Implementing Lean Changes “My conclusion is that all of us making a lean leap will need to deal with capability issues (TQM/Six Sigma) and with availability issues (TPM) while removing wasted steps and introducing flow and pull in every value stream (TPS). My further conclusion is that there is no “right sequence” to follow in tackling these problems. Rather it depends on the nature of the product, the nature of the process technology, and the nature of the business.” Jim Womack, October 2002
  • 15. How Do We Use Lean Techniques for Automation? Assess the operation using a Value Stream Map and/or PFDs (Product families & Production data) Evaluate the layout Identify lean improvements & kaizens without automation Implement lean improvements using VSM plan Identify lean automation opportunities Design and implement lean automation Start the cycle again!
  • 16. The Lean Automation Cycle Assessment Recommended Set Up (VSM) Solutions Layout Cells Continuous Visual Improvement Automation Implementation Information DO IT! Plan Systems
  • 17. Levels of Automation Load Machine Unload Transfer Levels Machine Cycle Machine Part 1 Operator Operator Operator Operator 2 Operator AUTO Operator Operator 3 Operator AUTO AUTO Operator The Great Divide 4 AUTO AUTO AUTO Operator 5 AUTO AUTO AUTO AUTO As defined by the Lean Enterprise Institute in “Creating Continuous Flow”
  • 18. Low Productivity Electrical Device Assembly The Challenge in Two Steps Client wanted wave soldering and robotic pick and place Functional operational layout Ergonomic problems Extensive material staging No space Initially, 13 people in Aurora cell Low output: 300 units/day
  • 19. Lean Techniques Used Before Automation Process flow diagrams Cellular Manufacturing & Layout Balance Cycle Times Between Work Stations Reduce Batch Size & parts staging Quality Data Collection & Analysis (Reduce Reject Rate)
  • 21. WORKSTATION CYCLE TIME: 25sec., 1.25 min. Cell Changes REJECT PER 3 UNITS 2 DATA LED TEST SOLDER & CUT 4 5 6 7 ATTACH SAMPLES 8 9 BACK ASSEMBLY CONTACTS BUTTON & GLUE COVER, #1 ASSEMBLY BATTERY SWITCH/ STAKE PACK LED 1 COLD STAKE & ASSEMBLY ATTACH STRAP & PLACEMENT TEST PCBs SOLDER LABEL STRAP ATTACH STRAP INSERT TEST LED REJECT SWITCH PCBs SOLDER DATA ACTIVATOR & CUT 3 ASSIST REJECT DATA AFTER CHANGES WORKSTATION CYCLE TIME: 25sec., 1.25 min. PER 3 UNITS TEST 4 SAMPLES 1 2 3 5 6 ATTACH BACK ASSEMBLY CONTACTS BUTTON & GLUE PCBs from COVER, #1 ASSEMBLY BATTERY SWITCH/ supplier STAKE PACK COLD STAKE & ASSEMBLY ATTACH STRAP & TEST PCBs SOLDER LABEL STRAP ATTACH STRAP REJECT INSERT DATA SWITCH ACTIVATOR
  • 22. Lean Automation Changes Level 1 Cold staking fixtures Powered screw drivers Light test fixture Soldering fixture
  • 23. With Lean Automation Level 1 The Results Balanced cell at 24 sec per work station Two U-shaped cells 3 piece flow 1000 units/day per cell vs 300 6 people per cell vs 13 Faster identification of quality problems Point of use storage Better teamwork No backlog
  • 24. Reducing Lead Time Steel Panel Fabrication The Challenge Client wanted to reduce lead time to less than one week Automated equipment had been installed Panel rejects & rework Material flow problems
  • 25. Lean Techniques Used Before Automation Value Stream Mapping Process flow diagrams Quality Data Collection & Analysis (Reduce Reject Rate) Setup time Analysis
  • 26. Value Stream Map (Current State) Blanket Annual Purchase Order with Daily Releases Production Control Randomly Placed (normally working Various Distributors Sheet Galvanized Sheet Galvanized Sheet Galvanized Sheet Galvanized Orders (normally 24 to 48 hours ahead (~ 24 for Smith Corp. & Steel (4’ by 8’ or cut) Steel (4’ by 8’ or cut) Steel (4’ by 8’ or cut) Steel (4’ by 8’ or cut) single unit orders) of ~ 6 for Jones Systems promised shipment) Average volume of 1000 systems per month in peak season. Customers are mainly distributors. There are a few dealers. Daily Daily Up to an average Daily Production Production of 130,000 lbs Shipping Daily Reports Reports daily in peak Schedule Shipments season In Straight Panel Dept. Shear Notch Specialty Punch Corner Punch Bend Stake & Label Add Z Brace Radius & Band Rack Shipping 1 Accurshear 1 Manual 4 Semi-Auto 3 Semi-Auto 1 Manual 1 Automated 1 Automated 1 Manual Table, Automated Notcher (S-23) Punches Punches Brake (R-7) Machine (R-8) Machine (ACR) 1 Jig-less Shear (P-3) & 1 Automated (S-1, S-2, & S-3) & 1 Automated Machine (R12), I Notcher (R-3) Brake (R-13) & 1 Jig Machine (R1) 2 to 5 days 1 Material 1 Operator 1/2 Operator 0 Operators 1 Operator 1/2 Operator 1/2 Operator 1/2 Operator 2 Operators 2 Operators depending Handler on pre-cut size C/T = 4 min. C/T = 2 min. C/T = 2 min. C/T = 2 min. C/T = 5 min. C/T = 2 min. C/T = 7 min. C/T = 8 min. C/T = N/A C/O = N/A C/O = 4 min C/O = N/A C/O = up to C/O = 30 to C/O = N/A C/O = N/A (average) C/O = N/A Rel. = 99% Rel. = 95% Rel. = 99% 30 min. 60 sec. Rel. = 99% Rel. = 98% to C/O = 2 to 30 Rel. = 100% Rel. = 99% Rel. = 90% 99% min. Rel. = 80% 2 to 5 Working Days, to 100% Lead Time 2 to 5 days 32 minutes, 4 min. 2 min. 2 min. 2 min. 5 min. 2 min. 7 min. 8 min. Value-Added Time
  • 27. INITIAL IMPROVEMENT CONCEPTS Improve reliability and changeover capability of R1 and R12 machines. Reduce panel reject rate. Radius & Band 1 Manual Table, Rack 1 Jig-less Machine (R12), & 1 Jig Machine 1 Material (R1) Handler 2 Operators C/T = 8 min. C/T = N/A (average) C/O = N/A C/O = 2 to 30 Rel. = 100% min. Rel. = 80% to 100% 8 min.
  • 28. 6 Foot Long Custom Radius Panel Fabrication Trumpf Area Straight Panel Dept. Notch Panel & Punch Bend Add Z Brace(s) Material Raw (Trumpf & Stake (if required) Material Stock Machine) 14 Ga. Galvanized Steel (pre-cut 53-15/16” by 6’3-15/16” sheets) Radius & Band Label Rack Ship (R12 - Jigless Machine) WIP Stock 16 Different Panels with Various Cutouts Custom Panel Dept. Band Shear Material Raw & Cut Material Stock 11 Ga. Galvanized Steel Partially finished panels are stocked in (4’ by 8’ standard sheets) sixteen different configurations. Panels are finished to order. Work is done in three different areas as noted. 7/19/02
  • 29. R12 OPERATION CAUSE AND EFFECT DIAGRAM Figure 1 Red = Most Important Causes SET UP VALUES CHANGE NO SPECS OPERATORS MEASUREMENT RADIUS TEMPLATE MAINTENANCE ACCURACY PANEL CHANGES SQUARENESS SETTINGS DIFFERENT SETUP PROCEDURES NO DIMENSIONAL SPECS OR TOLERANCES DIFFERENT OPEATOR MEASURES USED ON OPERATOR R1 & R12 PREFERENCE JUDGEMENT NO TRUST RADIUS ANGLES NO SPECS DON'T MEET SEGMENT LENGTH CURVATURE TEMPLATE REQUIREMENTS AT MOUNTING SETUP WRONG DIGITAL READOUT (4' & 6' RADIUS PANEL WIDTH VARIES USELESS PANELS) POOR TRANSDUCER BAD 3 SUPPLIERS SHEET DIMENSIONS SELECTION USE OF AIR vs. VARY BEARINGS HYDRAULICS BANDS HAVE ON LOWER CAMBER FORMING INDEXES VARY TOOL GALVINIZED COATING INDEXES VARY CRUDE INDEX INACCURATE DIFFERENT ON POOR MAINT SYSTEM DESIGN CUTTING PANELS LOCATION PANEL OF SPECIALTY PUNCHES NOTCH O.D.SPACING VARIES ON PANEL SURFACE FINISH RADIUS VARIES .09 IN BACKING SHOE VARIES SIDE TO SIDE DIFFERENT ADJ.USTMENT. STEEL PROPERTIES PANEL NOTCH POSITION VARIES NO SPECS 3 SUPPLIERS AIR CYLINDER PANELS CATCH AT OPPOSING LAST 2 BENDS HYDRAULIC IN HEAD AIR PRESSURE LOW WIDTH OF STEEL BETWEEN ASSEMBLY NOTCHES VARIES 3.75 to 4.0 in. YIELD STRENGTH VARIES CONVEYOR NOT ACROSS RADIUS MAINTENANCE EQUIPMENT ADJUSTED PLATE THICKNESS PUNCH NO SPECS VARIES HOT VS COLD ROLL LOCATION PANEL NOT VARIES SQUARE. wIDTH 3 SUPPLIERS TOO LARGE NO SPECS DIFFERENT EQUIPMENT USED MATERIAL COATING STRAIGHT PANEL (PANELS, STEEL) VARIES 3 SUPPLIERS SPECIALTY PUNCH
  • 30. R12 Process Improvements Separate Process & Machine Issues Common setup procedure Replace measurement gages Established process capability Implementing process controls for panel dimensions Working with suppliers to control steel plate dimensions Completed identified maintenance actions Implementing PM program
  • 31. Lean Automation In Progress Level 2 Modification of Radius Bending Machine R12 Operate as a cell Runs two product families Changeover in less than 10 sec. within product family Changeover in less than 5 min. between product families Cycle time reduced from 5 min. to 1.8 min.
  • 32. MACHINE MODIFICATIONS • Automated band cutting • Radius measurement on line • Servo driven adjustments from panel bar codes
  • 33. Long Cycle Times - Low Productivity Electric Drill Assembly The Challenge 40 sec. cycle time for 2 parts. Manual Assembly 3 different assemblies 12 “machines” (Four tooled for three assemblies) 24 operators on two shifts Client wanted one large machine
  • 34. Lean Techniques Used Before Automation Product Family Value Stream Map Cycle Time Reduction to Produce Small Batches (Needed 4 sec. cycle time Setup Time Reduction Visual Workplace
  • 35. Lean Automation Automated Pin/Carrier Assembly System Level 3
  • 36. AFTER Automated Pin/Carrier Assembly System The Results 3 semi-automated machines vs 1 BIG ONE! ($1mm savings) Each machine runs a product family No changeover 3 sec. cycle time per carrier vs 40 sec. 3 operators on 1 shift vs 24 Small batches Acceptance in 1 day
  • 37. Long Cycle Times - Low Productivity Bearing Assembly The Challenge Functional layout Average batch size of 900 bearings Long set ups of 9 hrs Large amount of WIP Long lead times of 4 to 9 weeks 3 shift operation
  • 39. Lean Techniques Used Before Automation Product Family Value Stream Map Set Up Time Reduction (quick changeover chuck) Cellular Manufacturing & Layout Balance Flow & Cycle Time Reduction to Produce Small Batches
  • 41. Next Step - Lean Automation Level 3 AUTOMATIC LOADER/UNLOADER Automated parts feeding & reduced handling Decouple machine cycle from operator Cell cycle time at 1 min. per bearing Setup time reduced to 2 to 4 hrs One shift operation Average batch size of 100 down to 10
  • 43. Low Machine Output - Long Cycle Times Toy Parts Bagging Lines The Challenge Lines average 5 to 10 bags per minute Feeders not movable between lines Lines operate differently Operators dedicated to lines. No one wants Line #7 Large amounts of WIP Client wanted more feeders & lines
  • 44. Lean Techniques Used Before Automation Process Flow Diagrams Setup Time Reduction Cycle Time Reduction to Produce Smaller Orders Visual Workplace
  • 45. After Lean Automation Level 3 Line Electrical and Controls Modifications Average 12 to 20 bags per minute vs 5 to 10 Feeders interchangeable between lines All lines have the same control system Control panels are the same Operators can run any line No new feeders required
  • 47. Lean Automation Part 3 Rod Orienter for Improved Parts Feeding AFTER BEFORE
  • 48. Lean Automation Part 3 Continuous Improvement Reconfiguration Changes to Bagging Two lines installed at Advent Design Changed bag configurations Slow-feeding, complex parts run on small bagging line Running common parts on bagging lines
  • 49. Across the “Great Divide” Level 4 Automation
  • 50. Low Productivity - Complex Flow Stainless Dinner Ware The Challenge Functional layout Manual packing on 3 shifts 128 packers Ergonomic problems Extensive material staging
  • 51. BEFORE Lean Automation Functional Layout with Manual Assembly
  • 52. Recommended Automation Option (Coating with Possible Shrink Bundles) Wrapping Bag sealed on Shrink Wrap Shrink Wrap in Coating Strip Wrapping Options (1) three sides (1a) Individual (1b) Bundles (1c) (1d) (1e) Wrapping Existing New Shrink Coating Strip Wrap Strip Wrap Machine (2) Machine Bagging Wrap Machine Machine Machine (2a) Machine Machine (2d) (perpendicular (parallel to (2b) (2c) to flow) (2e) flow) (2f) Transfer to Man. Robot Auto. storage (3) (3a) (3b) (3c) Storage (4) Existing Tray Redesigned Magazine Reel (4a) Tray (4b) (4c) (4d) Feeding(5) Manual Robotic Pick (Semi) Continuous / Feeding and Place Automated Tractor Type (5a) (5b) Magazine Feed and Cut (5c) (5d) Deck Bomb Bay (consumer Door Coated Pieces line only) End Loading Deck Coating Cartoning Labeling Case Insertion Palletizer Removal Machine Machine Packer (next slide) (with leaflet dispenser) SHIP
  • 53. B r o c a d e C a r to n in g L in e O p tio n s T rays D is p la y D ecks C a r to n e r 5 PPS & S e r v in g S e ts R o b o tic R o b o tic R o b o tic R o b o tic R o b o tic P ic k & P la c e P ic k & P la c e P ic k & P la c e P ic k & P la c e P ic k & P la c e L a b e le r A u to m a te d C a r to n e r C a rto n e r C a r to n er S h r in k W r a p 2 0 P ie c e 4 0 P ie c e F o o d S e r v ic e L in e C ase P a ck er (In n er C a rto n ) L a b e le r L a b e le r L a b e le r L a b e le r C ase P a ck er (O u te r C a se P a ck er C a se P a ck er C a se P a ck er C a rto n ) L a b e le r L a b e le r L a b e le r L a b e le r P a lle tiz e r P a lle tiz e r
  • 54. AFTER Lean Automation Levels 2 & 4 Focused Product Family Automation with 59 operators vs 128
  • 55. How Do Implement Lean Automation? Assess the operation using a Value Stream Map or PFDs (Product families & Production data) Evaluate the layout and flow Identify lean improvements & kaizens without automation Quality improvement TPM Point of Use
  • 56. How Do Implement Lean Automation? Implement lean improvements using VSM plan Identify lean automation opportunities Reduce repetitive motion Reduce material handling Improve quality Design and implement lean automation Start the cycle again!
  • 57. Benefits of Lean Automation Summary Lower cost automation Simpler implementation & faster acceptance Greater flexibility for setup & material flow Maximizes operator utilization Better use of floor space
  • 58. Where Do We Go From Here? Become knowledgeable of Lean Techniques (MEPs) Question automation assumptions Implement Lean solutions first…then automate Design engineers must think differently Get work force involved: Use of automation kaizens Establish a cycle of continuous improvement
  • 59. Lean Automation Makes Us All Winners! Reduced lead times Reduced costs Shorter cycle times Smaller batch sizes Reduced inventory Improved quality Greater flexibility
  • 60. Bill Chesterson CEO Automation & Product Design Advent Design 215 781 0500 Ext: 203 Corporation bill.chesterson@adventdesign.com 925 Canal Street Tom Lawton President Bristol PA, 19007 Contract Manufacturing 215 781 0500 Ext: 202 (P) 215 781 0500 (F) 215 781 0508 tom.lawton@adventdesign.com www.adventdesign.com Frank Garcia Director Planning & Productivity 215 781 0500 Ext: 207 frank.garcia@adventdesign.com