1. Towards Climate Resilient Development: Strengthening the Science-Policy-Institutional-Finance Dialogue in Africa Imasiku Nyambe and Belynda Petrie March 2011 Africa Adapt Symposium, Addis Ababa

2. Paper Overview Climate responses in Africa are primarily adaptive Integrated development planning is a solution Climate finance is a means for adaptation Evidence needed for development and finance Governance and institutional arrangements International policy , domestic development and climate finance absorptive capacity Three demonstrative case studies Concluding remarks

3. Adaptive response to Climate Change FOR AFRICA High dependence on rain fed agriculture Global temperature increases more intense Low levels of resilience Small contribution to global GHGs IPCC, 2007

4. What is so critical for Africa: Climate Change is an additional development challenge Water access & sanitation HIV/AIDS prevalence Food security /droughts Floods & other extremes Education CC cross cuts and needs integrated planning & implementable policy CC impacts/worsens existing development challenges & poverty / Impacts MDGs Requires investment to build resilience

5. We NEED: A Coherent climate & development finance, which should include: Access = clear priorities & strategies; coherent financial planning & combined access of sources; climate risks in development & sector plans; governance and finance absorption capacity is a criteria for access

7. Socio-economic impacts of CC

9. River Basin Organisations

10. Community Based Organisations

11. Regional Economic Centre

12. Civil Society

13. Financiers (private, public)

15. 4th order: Zambia case study: Climate Challenges ↓ Human health ↓ Wetland areas (dambos) ↑ Heat stress ↑ Harvesting of natural resources ↑ Exploitation of forests / woodlands and wild foods for alternative income & food Temp↑ 1.3˚1960 # hot days ↑ 11.8% Annual rainfall (↓ 2.3%/decade 1st ↑ Soil degradation ↓ Soil moisture Shift in cropping cycles ↑ Pressure from pests & diseases ↓ Crop yield(particularly maize) ↑ Yield variability ↓ River flow, groundwater ↓ Subsistence and commercial food production ↑ Poverty, food insecurity, malnutrition

17. “Socio-economic development = greater resilience”,

18. Consider alternate crops to maize / strengthen food security systems

20. Consider transboundaryand national interests (Zambia = key Zambezi Basin beneficiary

22. Framework for CC in the SNDP cont’d

23. Examples of Programmes in the Water Sector - SNDP

24. Example of Financing in the Water Sector - SNDP GRZ putting in money ranging from 20.5 Billion Kwacha in 2011 to ZMK114.6 Billion by 2015 in the SNDP

25. Case study Mozambique: Climate Challenges Cyclone power increasing (Webster et al, 2005) Climate change – warmer oceans - cyclogenesis Increased flood intensity Loss of crops Loss of infrastructure Outbreaks of disease Physical injury Economic loss Human health losses

27. Strengthen water and disaster management strategies & systems

30. Upgrade emergency response planning - deal with emerging climate risks

31. Develop information systems – integrate climate hazards (cyclones, floods and droughts) with status of social and infrastructural vulnerabilities - improved planning

32. Government and private sector work together to kick-start adaptation

33. Develop a systematic institutional focus on climate change, by all key ministries

34. Integrated DRR, less ad-hoc, project based approach

35. Monitor, evaluate and reform institutional response (accountability)(INGC, 2009)

36. Case study: SADC Water Objective: A regional climate change adaptation strategy for the water sector How? Member State Country Studies, conducted in country and coordinated by SADC Expert analysis and Expert Group Workshops Draft Strategy reviewed at SADC Multi-Stakeholder Water Dialogue Utilises regional evidence base SADC Multi Stakeholder Water Dialogue, Maun Oct 2011 What? Considers extreme events and longer term more gradual climate change risks Incorporates sovereign interests and risks as well as regional risks (transboundary in nature) Includes investment requirements in the water sector to strengthen climate resilience Links international policy with local development issues When? Work in progress: due Mid 2011

38. Strengthen development

39. Access finance – locally and internationally