1. WK8 Agenda
• Project 8 per group: members by Jan 18, 2010
• Pick one topic for multiple comparisons
project topics: religion, music, art, language
and literature
• European Middle Ages Lecture
• Homework (-2 per week for late work)
• Exam Result

2. Western Europe (Middle Ages)
• Got influence from Greek and Roman Classics,
Germanic tribes and Christianity
• Peak at 1200-1300 AD. (Christianity and
Feudalism)
• Focus on the new world and prepare for the
judgment day

3. Reasons for Development
• Invasions had ceased (Vikings,
Hungarians, Muslims)
• Agricultural revolution: more
food=> better economy (more
money for monarchs which they
could use to support church and
schools)=>urban revolution
(more time, migration)
– Shift from Mediterranean to North
Atlantic regions
– The weather was warmer
– Technology:
• Heavy plow
• Three field system
• Mills
• Used horses as farm animals
• New religious: intellectual
development

4. Germanic Tribes
• Goth:
– Visigoth (Odoacer)
– Ostrogoth (Theodoric) defeated
Odoacer and set up the capital city at
Ravenna (until Justinian fought back for
Byzantine
• Frank: Gaul or France
– 500-750 AD. Merovingian Dynasty:
Clovis: Largest empire, Paris, Baptized
and became Christian
– 750-900 AD. Carolingian Dynasty:
Charlemagne or Charles the Great
• Fought 30 years to create the Christian
empire
• Pope Leo III crowned him Emperor of
the Romans on Christmas day in 800 AD
• Ottonian: German
– Viking invaded Western and Middle
Kingdoms
– Magyars(Hungarian) invaded Eastern
Kingdom
– Otto I (German) won the battle of
Lechfeld
– Pope was very satisfied so he crowned
Otto I as the Holy Roman Emperor

5. Germanic Tribes
• Comitatus: relationship between leaders and knights
– Leaders gave: Food, weapon, and shelter
– Knights returned: Loyalty and military service
– Foundation of feudalism in EU
• Polytheist
• Christianity: Age of Faith during the dark age
• Christian influenced: politic, economic, society, and tradition from
birth to death
– Canon Law: punished those who deceitfully swear, insulted Christian,
practiced magic
– Excommunication: those who got excommunicated couldn’t
participate in the religious activity
– Interdiction: punished the whole community or country, no religious
practice at all

6. Germanic Tribes Art
• Migration Art: Animal Style
• Cloisonné (โลหะลงยา), Filigree,
Repousse (ลายนูน)
• The Palatine Chapel of
Charlemagne at Aachen(his
palace was “Back to Rome”
theme)
• Gospel books: color washed
pen drawing: quick brush
– Gospel of Aix
– Vienna Gospel
– Gospel Book of Archbishop
Ebbo of Reims
(St. Mathew and the manuscript)

7. Medieval Life
• Feudalism=
Comitatus(Germanic)+
Patron and Client System
or Master and Slave
Relations(Roman)
– Lord and vassal
• Manorial System
– Lord of the Manor and
villeins or serfs
What’s the management
style?
• John of England: Magna
Carta (1215 AD.)
What’s it about?

8. Romanesque Art
• Cathedral of St. Pierre
– Thick wall, few windows
– For religious use (destination
for pilgrims and crusaders)
– Latin Cross Style
• Pisa
• Fresco and Tapestry: Bayeux
(Duke William of Normandy vs.
Harold of England), Battle at
hasting

9. Gothic
• After the Crusade war
– Rise of National Monarchies
– Trade: Hanseatic League,
Champagne trade expo
– Town growth: Faubourg(center
of the city), Bourgeois(city
people)
• Paris University, Oxford and
Cambridge Universities
• Theology: Bible intepretation
• Travels of Marco Polo(1271-
1295 AD): Venice to Beijing
– Il Milione (The Million, Travels
of Polo)

10. Gothic
• Gothic style
– High pointed arch
– Flying buttresses
– Aisle, nave
– Stained glass at the
window
• The Cathedral of
Chartres, Notre Dame
de Paris, Reims, The
Cathedral of Amiens

11. Literature and Drama
• Church music and Polyphonic
Music (no instrument)
•Anonymous literature
Three levels:
–Knight: Chanson de Roland
(Roland’s loyalty to
Charlemagne)
–Royal: King Arthur& The
knights of the round table
–Middle class: Roman de
Renart (the fox represents
the middle class)
•Liturgical Play, Mystery Play,
Miracle Play

12. Italian Renaissance
• Hundred Years’ War (1337-1453 AD)
• English king over French territory
– Vassals (Gascony and Aquitaine)
• English economic interests
– Woolen trade with Flanders (support
Flemish rebellion against the French)
• No direct line successor for the French
throne Capetian in 1328 AD.
• France: richest country, more population
• England:
– Superior military tactics: archers vs.
knights (Crecy, Poitiers, Agincourt)
– Fought on French soil: not suffered
from the result of war
• Joan of Arc fought for Charles VII but was
captured later by the Bugundians.
• The war ended when:
– Burgundy withdrew from the English
alliance in 1435
– Incompetent King Henry VI
– Capture of Bordeaux in 1453

13. Italian Renaissance
• The great famine (1315-1317 AD)
• Black Death (1346-1350 AD)
– From Asia
– Carrier: flea from rats
– Infection: lymph, respiratory, blood
– 1/3 of people died
– People thought that the disease
was a punishment from God
– Flagellant Brothers: tortured
themselves to stop the spread of
the disease
Did it work?
– Poland wasn’t affected
• The Great Schism: Pope in
Avignon vs. Pope in Rome
(1378-1417 AD)

14. Italian Renaissance
• Johann Gutenberg:
printed bible
• Alchemists
• Christopher Columbus
(1492)
– People thought that
the world’s flat
– Supported by the
Spanish King
– Santa Maria Ship
– West Indies (New World)

15. Time Politic, Economic, Knowledge, Art: Painting, Sculpture, Literature, Drama,
Society Philosophy, Religion Architecture Music
Germanic Tribes
Merovingian (Frank)
Comitatus
Charlemagne (800-814 AD)
EU Medieval
Technology
Heavy plow
Age of Faith
Migration Art: Animal Style
Cloissone, Filigree, Repousse
Church Music: single
line of melody sung to
500-750 AD Subsistence economy Holy Roman Empire (955 AD) The Palatine Chapel of Latin texts without
Carolingian (Frank) Otto I :Battle of Lechfeld :Emperor Cannon Law, Excommunication, Charlemagne at Aachen, harmony or instrument:
750-900 AD of the Holy Roman Empire Interdiction Gospel books Gregorian Chant
Ottonian (German) Polyphonic Music:
900-1000 AD Organum, Motet:
Guillaume de Machaut
Romanesque Feudalism= Comitatus(Germanic)+ 1054 AD Greek Orthodox Christianity and Priest influence: Minstrels: chanting long
1000-1150 AD Patron and Client System or Master separation Cathedral of St. Pierre, poems about heroic
and Slave Relations(Roman), Lord Latin Cross Style, Pisa deeds: Song of Roland
and Vassal Fresco, Tapestry Troubadours, trouveres
Manorial System: Lord of the
Manor vs. farmers, villeins or serfs
John of England: Magna Carta
Gothic Crusade war Paris University, Oxford and The Cathedral of Chartres, Notre Anonymous literature
1150-1350 AD Rise of the national monarchies Cambridge Universities Dame de Paris, Reims, The Chanson de Roland
Trade: Hanseatic League, Theology Cathedral of Amiens Roman de Renart, King
Champagne trade expo, Bourgeois Travels of Marco Polo(1271- Arthur and the knights
Hundred Years’ War (1337-1453 AD) 1295 AD) of the Round Table,
Liturgical Play, Mystery
Play, Miracle Play
Italian Renaissance The great famine (1315-1317 AD) The Great Schism: Avignon vs. Leonardo da Vinci: (1452-
1350-1500 AD Rome (1378-1417 AD) 1519):The Annunciation, Virgin
Black Death (1346-1350 AD) Johann Gutenberg printed bible on the Rocks, The Last Supper,
Alchemists Mona Lisa
Christopher Columbus (1492) Michelangelo: (1472-1564):
Pieta, David, Moses, Sistine
Chapel: The Last Judgement,
Chief architect: St. Peter’s
Basilica
Raphael: (1483-1520), The
Marriage of the Virgin, Madonna
with Goldfinch, The School of
Athens, Pope Fulius 2

16. Homework
• Art work for Leonardo da Vinci and Michael
Angelo
• Table for 1500-1900 AD.
• Late homework -2 per week.
• Medieval Exam on January 25, 2010.