2. A neurological disorder is a disorder of the
body's nervous system. Structural, biochemical
or electrical abnormalities in the brain, spinal
cord, or in the nerves leading to or from
them, can result in symptoms such as
paralysis, muscle weakness, poor
coordination, loss of
sensation, seizures, confusion, pain and altered
levels of consciousness
3. There are many recognized neurological
disorders, some relatively common, but many rare.
a.Huntington’s Disease
b.Parkinson’s Disease
c.Dystonias
d.Epilepsy
e.Alzheimer's
f.Dementia
g.Stroke
4. Huntington's disease (HD) is a
neurodegenerative genetic disorder that affects
muscle coordination and leads to cognitive
decline and dementia.
The disease is caused by an autosomal
dominant mutation on either of an individual's
two copies of a gene called Huntingtin, which
means any child of an affected parent has a
50% risk of inheriting the disease.
5. Parkinson's disease is a degenerative disorder
of the central nervous system.
The motor symptoms of Parkinson's disease
result from the death of dopamine-generating
cells in the substantia nigra, a region of the
midbrain; the cause of this cell death is
unknown.
6. Dystonia is a neurological movement
disorder, in which sustained muscle
contractions cause twisting and repetitive
movements or abnormal postures.
The disorder may be hereditary or caused by
other factors such as birth-related or other
physical trauma, infection, poisoning or
reaction to pharmaceutical drugs.
7. Epilepsy is a common chronic neurological
disorder characterized by seizures.
About 50 million people worldwide have
epilepsy, and nearly two out of every three
new cases are discovered in developing
countries.
Epilepsy is usually controlled, but not
cured, with medication. However, over 30% of
people with epilepsy do not have seizure
control even with the best available
medications.
8. Alzheimer's disease (AD), also known in
medical literature as Alzheimer disease, is the
most common form of dementia.
There is no cure for the disease, which worsens
as it progresses, and eventually leads to death.
As the disease advances, symptoms can
include confusion, irritability and
aggression, mood swings, trouble with
language, and long-term memory loss.
9. Dementia is a serious loss of global cognitive
ability in a previously unimpaired person,
beyond what might be expected from normal
aging.
Dementia is not a single disease, but rather a
non-specific illness syndrome in which affected
areas of cognition may be memory, attention,
language, and problem solving.
10. A stroke, previously known medically as a
cerebrovascular accident (CVA), is the rapid
loss of brain function(s) due to disturbance in
the blood supply to the brain.
A stroke is a medical emergency and can cause
permanent neurological
damage, complications, and death.
