Energy Storage: Combining conversion & storage on solar energy (Solar energy @ night time with on-board solar storage).

1. ©copyright Norbert van Onna
Nanotechnologies for Future Energy
Solar storage using on-board
& on-site storage systems Alex ROUSTAEI
CEO/AS3/France
KIC InnoEnergy May 2014
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2. Introduction
Combining conversion & storage on solar energy
(Solar energy @ night time with on-board solar storage)
 Some of the energy storage technologies, such as the
use of advanced batteries coupled with solar cells,
remain too expensive for larger mass use.
 This presentation will focus on promising solutions as
far as the combination of energy storage and solar
energy projects, exploring:
 onboard solar cell Energy Storage solutions (short-term
storage high-power, rechargeable battery storage as a
primary storage stage) as well as
 on-site long-term storage (Hydrogen and
Methanization).
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(*) The world demand for power exceeds 15 TW, with the vast majority of that demand being met by the consumption of fossil fuels in the
form of oil (5.3 TW), coal (4.2 TW) and natural gas (3.5 TW). Currently, solar supplies only 0.004 TW and yet the earth receives in excess
120,000 TW of power from the sun each day, which means that the earths power demands could be met by covering 0.125 % of the earth’s
surface with solar cells with an efficiency of only 10%.

3. The Problem
 We lose every hour on Earth equivalent of our energy
needs for 1 year*
 Costs of PV based electricity production plants and storage
solutions are still too high to compete with fossil or nuclear
based power generators
 We need to support the population growth while securing
our energy independency by increasing the mix energetic
and reducing the CO2 emission.
 We also need to move quickly to auto-consumption
solutions in Europe and ROW
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(*) The world demand for power exceeds 15 TW, with the vast majority of that demand being met by the consumption of fossil fuels in the
form of oil (5.3 TW), coal (4.2 TW) and natural gas (3.5 TW). Currently, solar supplies only 0.004 TW and yet the earth receives in excess
120,000 TW of power from the sun each day, which means that the earths power demands could be met by covering 0.125 % of the earth’s
surface with solar cells with an efficiency of only 10%.

4. The Solution
"From intermittent power ...
to energy on-demand”
SOLAR ENERGY STORAGE
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Reducing Energy storage cost in available space
($cost/mAh/mm3)

5. Value proposition
Battery Storage (solar-to-volts)
 AS3’s Onboard Nanocell Solar Storage Technology : Thin film 3D-nanostructured w./no-solid-state
electrolyte interface (noSEI  Δ푇° > 120°퐶), high number of charge/discharge (cycle
>25 000) storage systems, rechargeable Li_nano-titanate battery (patent pending).
 Other’s battery Storage solutions is mostly based on SEI and Metal polymer lithium Batteries
for Thin Film or high power Mass-storage.
5
Volts
Heat
PV > 20% à 32%
Storage  Electricity  Radiations

6. Summary of AS3’s
offering
 High ἠ% Hybrid TF
Flexible Solar Cells
(efficiency: 20% to 32%)
 Advanced On-board
flexible Battery Storage
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Targeting:
 25,000+ charge/discharge cycles with high safety and low-temperature
properties coupled with Piezonanotubes.
 Solid state structure + no SEI, wide temperature range of -20 degree Celsius
to 140 degree Celsius
 Thickness of the substrate & packaging from 0.255 to 0.45mm
 Thickness of the ultra thin-film flexible battery from 0.020 to 0.15mm
 Charge time: 60 sec to 5 mn
 Expected Charge Capacity: on flexible Thin film thickness 0,10 mm: 8 to
10mA/Cm²
 Times of charge conservation: 5 days min > 85% of initial charge

7. AS3’s Solutions
"From intermittent power ...
to energy on-demand”
Introducing
Advanced Solar Storage “AS3”
AS3 to deploy technologies and know-how
developed to date:
 Making a low-cost, high efficiency Hybrid
PV solar cells with On-board lithium nano-titanate
battery in a flexible substrate.
 Using AS3’s nanotics “On-demand Energy
Systems” (H2/FCH/Hyrbon) to address the
intermittence aspect of the PV sources.
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8. Solar
Product/Innovation
Cellule
Hybride
Solaire
Flexibles solar PV rolls of 1km long
Cristaux Liquides
Couche Tandem
Absorbeur CIGS
Couche Piézo NF
Flexible films
Flexible cells
OEM solar cells
Solar Membranes
Solar cells & films (source W2E)
A complete flexible
product offering to cover
the market needs
 Best LCOE*
 1st level of power storage
 Low lift roofing <4kg/m²
 BIPV
 Transports
 1st time onboard storage
* Levelized cost of energy
On-board Li,
nT Battery
layer
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9. Advantages
 Low cost of investment
 Low operating cost
 Low storage cost /kWh (price
 Zero maintenance cost
 High Cost & Acceptance ratio
 Higher life time & reliability
 Lower storage area
 Lower recycling issues
 Lower Cost of ownership
 Lower CO2 emission
 Eco-friendly, No toxic
chemicals (No acid & less
heavy metals)
 Safe for air transport
 Easier Regulations (RoHS,
WEEE & REACH compliance).
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Nano
particules
Process
Flexible solar cells with onboard storage
divided by 4 )
Target Membrane :
 Weight< 4kg/m²
 Efficiency: 20,5% +
 On-board storage

10. key components
Solar /on-board Storage
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11. key components
Solar / on-board Storage
PPE
Storage
Battery layer
<150μm – 10mA/Cm²
Example: A fully self contained modular building (active energy ) that
generates its own electricity with 120 m² of solar panels and a 60 kWh
battery ideal for a hospital or a school in a remote area, not connected
to the grid.
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12. 12
Major System’s benefits:
Short-term storage & High Energy Efficiency/m²
Thin Film Nanocell
Advanced
Solar Storage Technology

13. The Market
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Global market for solar storage systems will be worth US$2
billion by 2018. Dr. Eicke Weber, head of the newly-established
German Energy Storage Association, has called
this a “conservative estimate”. Italian energy consultancy
BIP said the battery market will reach at least 9 GW of
capacity by 2020 from today's 270 MW (estimated to grow
to 40% of the PV systems installed by 2020).
Source: Cisco IBSG 2012iv
Source March 28th, 2014 : Nanomarkets' report entitled Storage 2013
http://nanomarkets.net/news/article/new-nanomarkets-report-projects-
2.7-billion-us-bipv-glass-market-in-2019

14. Competition
Thin film batteries - market leaders
• Cymbet Corp (Tex.Inst.) - Cymbet Corporation, a clean technology company, is a
leader in thin-film, solid-state battery technology. The company is the first to
market a true solid-state energy system enabling new embedded systems
designer capabilities. The company's thin-film battery system will enable new
concepts in battery application for ICs and new products for medical, sensor, RFID,
communications and portable electronic devices.
• Altairnano - One of the first companies to replace traditional graphite materials
used in conventional lithium-ion batteries with a proprietary, nanostructured
lithium-titanate.Altairnano’s research into the electrochemistry of battery
materials discovered that nanostructured lithium-titanate, when used to replace
graphite in conventional lithium-ion batteries, results in power-dependent energy
storage applications.
• Imec Belgium - Electronics Centre (Belgium), ... • Solid state Li battery (glass
electrolyte) • Very thin ... Thin Film Battery.
• ST Micro -ST’s EnFilm™ thin-film batteries are a new concept of extremely thin
(200 μm), rechargeable solid-state batteries with fast recharge and long life cycle.
• Power Paper, Ltd. is the creator and licensor of printable micro-electronic clean
technology and patches. Power Paper’s thin and flexible batteries provide a fully
printable, interable and disposable power source..
• Blue Spark/Thin Battery Technologies Inc. Specialized in RF Enabled Sensors
Time Temperature Data Loggers, Interactive Printed Media, Greeting cards,
consumer packaging, toys, promotional display.
• Enfucell / Solicore - ultra-thin, flexible, lithium polymer batteries for powered
cards, RFID, and micro medical devices
• Excellatron - Rechargeable lithium ion-air batteries (the active cathode material
(oxygen) is not stored in the battery). The lithium/oxygen battery, and Li/Air
demonstration samples are just being delivered.
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http://www.idtechex.com/research/reports/printed_and_thin_film_photovoltaics_and_batteries_000172.asp

15. Targeted Segments & positioning
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Targeted Segments:
 short term storage in solar BIPV
 Stationary and mobile applications
The cost positioning for an average home:
1 month of storage capacity = 500 kWh (avg)
1 day of storage capacity (average) = 16kWh
Today’s average home storage cost:
40 €/kWh –to- 60€/kWh (20K€ to 30K€)
or About 700 €/kW –to- 1000€/KW
Actual average budget for an individual
home is about 25 000€
AS3’s targeted cost is < 25000€/4 < 6 250€
For an average home equipped with a 25KWc
of PV based electricity generation systems
(€0,40/Wh).

16. Benchmarking
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Technology
Life time
(Years)
# of Charge
/discharges
Thickness (μ)
Open Circuit
Voltage (V)
Nom. Cap.
Current (I)
mA/Cm²
(€cost/
mAh/ mm3)
ΔT° C -->
TempC
Working
range
AS3 (target) nTi > 20 > 25 000 50 <T< 150 0,5<V<TBD 8 <I< 10
TBD, actual
# estim.ation
0,4/Wh
> 120
Cymbet Corp (Tex. Inst.) All SS > 5 > 5 000 150 4,0<V< 4,15 0,5 ?/0,78/? > 90
GS Nanotech
Lithium
Power
> 5 > 5 000 10 3,7 400 - > 65
Altairnano LiTi power > 20 > 20 000 App. Power 367 kWh
3.6 MW / 4
MVA
1000€/Kwh > 95
Toshiba LinTi > 20 > 6 000
App. PHEV, &
EV
12,8 to 36V 92Wh (9Ah) 1500€/Kwh > 75
Thinenergy / IPS (Infinite
Power Solutions)
All SS > 10 > 5 000 ? 3,9 4,35 to 7,9 - > 70
ST Micro
All SS:
LiCoO2 /
LiPON
> 3 > 1 000 200 4,0<V< 4,15 0,775 - > 100
Power Paper, Printing > 3 > 1 000 500 1,5 0,1 - > 70
Blue Spark/Thin Battery
Technologies Inc.
Carbon Zinc /
(Zn/MnO2)
> 2
NA:RFID smart
cards & ID
badges
< 750 1,5 1,2 - > 95
Enfucell / Solicore
Carbon Zinc /
(Zn/MnO2)
> 1
NA:RFID
Pharma & ID
badges
> 500 1,5 1,2 - > 75
Excellatron Li/Air > 5 > 2 000 < 85 4,2 1 - > 105
SAFT
Ni-Cd, Ni-MH
& Li-ion
> 1
> 500 to
<1500
Prismatic/
Coil shape
3,6 janv-30 -
> 145 to
<190

17. Business Model
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 Fabless w/ Pilot
 Limited investment < 10M€
 Limited staff < 30 people
Pilot Production Area: 750m2
Cleanroom production: 300 m2
Technical facilities: 100 m2
Storages: 150m2
Offices: 200 m2

18. Action plan & Roadmap
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5 x Phases:
I. Phase 0 (Jan 2013 – Mach 2014): research, patent filing and
validation of concept (realization of discrete samples).
II. Phase 1 (Dec. 2014) prototypes & samples to check the
manufacturing process on flexible substrates.
III. Phase 2 (1st to 3d quarter 2015) preproduction prototypes,
to check the repeatability of the manufacturing process on
various substrate (stainless steel, polymer and glass),
IV. Phase 3 (4th quarter 2015) start development of a pilot
capable of producing the equivalent of 10MWh film unit,
serving as industrial showcase and R&D lab.
V. Phase 4 (expected in 2016-2017) initial production plant
Volume Capacity > 10MWh.

19. The Numbers
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2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022
Ligne pilote AS3 (10MWh en production) 1 1 1 1 1 1
Ligne vendue en installation 1 2 2 3 3 2
Ligne 100MWh en production 1 2 4 6 8
Total Wh vendu 10 000 000 11 0000000 210000000 410000000 610000000 810000000
Prix de vente du Wh 1 0.9 0.6 0.5 0.5 0.5
Total ventes de films toutes usines 10 000 000 € 99 000 000 € 126 000 000 € 205 000 000 € 305 000 000 € 405 000 000 €
Chiffres clés AS3Fabless
Ligne pilote 10 000 000 € 9 000 000 € 6 000 000 € 5 000 000 € 5 000 000 € 5 000 000 €
Remboursement investissement -2 500 000 € -5 000 000 € -2 500 000 €
CIR ligne pilote sur 7000000€ à 30% 2 100 000 €
Marge sur ligne pilote 2 000 000 € 1 800 000 € 1 200 000 € 1 000 000 € 1 000 000 € 1 000 000 €
Licence initiale 3 000 000 € 3 000 000 € 6 000 000 € 6 000 000 € 6 000 000 €
Royalties sur production 1 800 000 € 2 400 000 € 4 000 000 € 6 000 000 € 8 000 000 €
Marge sur assistance technique €/h 60 000 €
Marge sur revente Ligne de production 100MW 1 500 000 € 1 500 000 € 1 500 000 € 3 000 000 € 3 000 000 € 3 000 000 €
Marge sur consommables 18 000 € 24 000 € 40 000 € 60 000 € 80 000 €
Marge brute AS3Fabless avec Pilote 3 160 000 € 3 118 000 € 5 624 000 € 14 040 000 € 16 060 000 € 18 080 000 €
The table shows the evolution of gross margin while repaying the investment of € 10 million in
three years and taking low assumptions about the sale of licenses and production lines.

20. The Numbers
Potential Revenue Vectors
Ce tableau permet de constater l’évolution de la marge brute tout en remboursant
l’investissement des 10 M€ en trois ans et en prenant des hypothèses basses quant à la
vente des licences et des lignes de production.
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Product / Service Recurring Min over 5
years
Unit Revenue Comments
Films (pilot preproduction) X 12 000 000 € Per YEAR
Site Licensing 10 3 000 000 € Per Unit
Pilot line (10MWh) 2 5 000 000 € Per Unit
Production line (100MWh) 8 30 000 000 € Per Unit
Royalties on production X 75 000 € Per MWh storage
capacity
Consumables (rolls of thin film,
powder, gas, etc.)
X 100 000 € Per MWh storage
capacity
Technical Assistance X 1 000 € Per Day

21. The Team
Rémy Barton, Engineer, UC Provence,
specialist thin film, nano particles and
electrical characterization of materials / thin
film Cells PV / PV modules, process,
performances of materials / Cells modules
and reliability of thin film based products.
Matrice des Experts, Consultants et conseillers
Expert en Eval/Valorisation IP & TM
CABINET NOVAGRAAF France
Expert-comptable chargé de capitalisation
CABINET FIDAL
Pôle de compétitivité
RE92
Expert IP et protection international
MATRIX PATENT AGENCY
Conseil & Assistance droits Fiscal &Sté
CABINET BABIN
Expert Juridiques & Fiscales (pending)
KPMG SA
Expert Photovoltaic Advisory (pending)
PricewaterhouseCoopers
Conseil&Expert-Innov CIR/JEI/Eurostars
ALMA Consulting Groupe
The Board members
Paul LUCCHESE
(pending)
DIR MISSION EnR
& NTE A CEA
Alain LUNATI,
PhD,
CEO SP3H
Project Partners to date: UC3M, TU/e, W2E
PARTENAIRES R&D et PRODUCTION
USA : Tests In-Situ, In-line
USA : Nanoparticules synthèse
Canada : Expertise moléculaires
Scandinavie : ALD, sALD, R2R
Benelux : Equipement ALD, SemicondC.
NL : Philips Innovation
UK : Equipement Nanogreffs
UE, US : Equipement de Production
CH : Partenaire R&D / Consultant
France : Randstad VAR (Recrut. Exécut.)
France : ALPHA Architecture, Nanovation,
CTU Orsay Paris-Sud
CERTIFICATIONS: Organisations
sélectionnées sont Fraunhofer Institut ISE
& NREL
Alex HR ROUSTAEI – President & CEO; Serial
entrepreneur, with over 25 years of experiences
in assembling and reselling high-tech companies,
having spent 15 years in the USA and returned to
France to set up (based upon nanotechnology)
the solar based energy production, storage and
recovery cycle of renewable energy.
Madj DJEMAI – Technical Consultant. engineer,
15 years of R & D in the field of renewable
energies, 7 years of experience in nanotechnology
and 4 years in atomic layer deposited (ALD) & TF.
Hamid AZHAKH – Computing
engineering - Mathematical &
Numerical Modelling specialized in thin
film ALD, sALD based technology.
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Dr. Alejandro VAREZ, Director and
Professor, Chair of UC3M- Madrid.
Extensive knowledge in Lithium
Batteries development as well as
the comprehension and designing
new polymers.

22. The Partners
AS3’s project partners (including private & public R&D organizations).
• Ei CNAM (FR)
• Platform CANOÉ (FR)
• Orsay University/PARIS SUD CTU-Lab (FR)
• Nanovation (FR)
• TU/e (NL)
• POLYTECHNIQUE (FR)
• UC3M/ICMM-CSIC (SPAIN)
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23. 23
Complete Dev. Chain for AS3’s Project
ICMM-CSIC
Thin film growth by different techniques
Structural, Mechan., Electrical
& Electrochemical
characterisation
ICMM-CSIC
Selection of the best Thin
Film technique
Structural &
Mech. Charac
Uc3m
TFB (Thin film) growth
Electrical and
Electrochemical
ICMM-CSIC
UC3M
Exchange Design of new anode
materials based on LnTO with
electronic conductivity
UC3M
Study of different
substrate for anode.
Evaluation of different
surface treatment of
substrate
UC3M
Exchange Design of electrolytes
based on garnet Li ion conductors
AS3

24. ©copyright Norbert van Onna
THANK YOU
www.kic-innoenergy.com
KIC InnoEnergy receives funding from the European Institute of Innovation and Technology (EIT)
Alex ROUSTAEI
CEO/AS3/France
Email: alexr@as3-w2e.com
KIC InnoEnergy May 2014
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