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1 
(HUMAN BECOMING SCHOOL OF THOUGHT)
2
Educated at Duquesne University in 
Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania & earned her 
master’s & doctoral degrees from the University 
of Pittsburgh. 
Member of the faculty of the University of 
Pittsburgh, Dean of the Nursing School at 
Duquesne University. 
Professor & Coordinator of the Center for 
Nursing Research at Hunter College of the 
City University of New York (1983-1993) 
3
Professor & Niehoff Chair at Loyola 
University in Chicago, Illinois (1993-2006). 
Fellow in the American Academy of 
Nursing 
Consultant & Visiting scholar at the New 
York University College of Nursing 
Founder & current editor of 
Nursing Science Quarterly 
President of Discovery International 
Inc. 
4
With two Lifetime Achievement Awards 
(Midwest Nursing Research Society and Asian 
Nurses’ Association) 
Rosemarie Rizzo Parse Scholarship at 
the Henderson State University School of 
Nursing. 
Published 9 books and more than 100 
articles and editorials about matters pertinent 
to nursing . 
Outstanding contributions to the profession of 
nursing through her progressive leadership in 
nursing theory, research, education, 
and practice. 
5
SYMBOL OF HUMAN BECOMING 
6 
 
BLACK & 
WHITE 
OPPOSITE 
PARADOX 
SIGNIFICANT 
TO ONTOLOGY 
OF HUMAN 
BECOMING & 
GREEN IS 
HOPE 
 
GREEN & 
BLACK 
swirls 
intertwining 
HUMAN-UNIVERSE 
CO 
CREATION AS 
AN ONGOING 
PROCESS OF 
BECOMING 
 
CENTER JOINED 
CO CREATED MUTUAL HUMAN 
UNIVERSE PROCESS AT THE 
ONTOLOGICAL LEVEL & NURSE-PERSON 
PROCESS
WARNING: ONLY THE THREE 
OF THEM ARE AVAILABLE… 
JUN PYO IS ALREADY TAKEN… 
7
Find the hidden man hanging at Machu Pichu… 
THINK OUTSIDE THE BOX! 
8
 Parse first published the 
theory in 1981 as the “MAN-LIVING- 
HEALTH” theory. 
9
Parse synthesized the Theory of Human 
Becoming from principles and concepts from 
Rogers’ work. 
She also incorporated concepts and principles 
from existential phenomenological 
thought as expressed by Heidegger, Sartre, 
and Merleau-Ponty. 
10
“Man-Living-Health” 
11
2 PARADIGMS (WORDVIEWS OF NURSING) 
12 
I. TOTALITY PARADIGM 
 Man is a combination of biological, 
psychological, sociological & spiritual factors. 
II. SIMULTANEITY PARADIGM 
 Man is a unitary being in continuous, mutual 
interaction with environment.
Man-Living-Health 
THEORY OF HUMAN 
BECOMING 
13
MAY ASIM 
PA AKO 
NOH!!! 
14
Apart from the Rose, what else can you see ??? 
15
 Parse’s theory was derived 
from the concepts of Rogers & 
existential thought. 
16
 Parse’s (1981) original nine assumptions are 
the following: 
 Man is coexisting while coconstituting 
rhythmical patterns with the environment. 
 Man is an open being, freely choosing 
meaning in situation, bearing responsibility 
for decisions. 
 Man is a living unity continuously 
coconstituting patterns of relating. 
17
 Man is transcending multidimensionally 
with the possibles. 
Health is an open process of becoming, 
experienced by man. 
Health is a rhythmically coconstituting 
process of the man-environment 
interrelationship. 
18
 Health is man’s pattern of relating 
value priorities. 
 Health is an intersubjective process of 
transcending with the possibles. 
Health is unitary man’s negentropic 
unfolding . 
19
 Using Parse’s 1992 language revision, the original 
nine assumptions now read as four assumptions 
concerning humans & five assumptions concerning 
becoming. They are: 
20 
HUMAN 
The human is coexisting while coconstituting 
rhythmical patterns with the universe. 
The human is an open being, freely choosing 
meaning in situation, bearing responsibility for 
decisions. 
The human is a living unity continuously 
coconstituting patterns of relating. 
The human is transcending multidimensionally 
with the possibles.
21 
BECOMING 
Becoming is an open process, experienced 
by the human. 
Becoming is rhythmically coconstituting 
process of the human-universe 
interrelationship. 
Becoming is the human’s pattern of relating 
value priorities. 
Becoming is an intersubjective process of 
transcending with the possibles. 
Becoming is human unfolding.
ANYONE WHO 
WOULD LIKE TO 
ADOPT ME ??? 
22
Look for “The Hidden Tiger” in the image 
below, where is the hidden tiger? 
READ BETWEEN THE LINES! 
23
 The three themes in 
Parse’s assumptions are: 
meaning, rhythmicity & 
contranscendence. 
24
THREE PRINCIPLES 
IN THE THEORY: 
 Structuring meaning 
multidimensionality is cocreating 
reality through the languaging of valuing & 
25 
imaging.
1. IMAGING 
 An infertile couple believes there are many 
children in need of loving homes and plan to 
adopt . 
2. VALUING 
 An older woman putting her health first as her 
children have all moved out of the house . 
3. LANGUAGING 
 A man diagnosed with terminal cancer finds 
the words and the strength to talk to his family 
about it . 
26
 Cocreating rhythmical 
patterns of relating is living the 
paradoxical unity of revealing-concealing 
and enabling-limiting while connecting-separating. 
27
1. REVEALING-CONCEALING 
 A pregnant youth must reveal her secret to her 
parents. 
2. ENABLING-LIMITING 
 A patient chooses to refuse a treatment. 
3. CONNECTING-SEPARATING 
 Parents want more aggressive treatment for 
their palliative care daughter; her husband 
disagrees straining the relationship. 
28
 Contranscending with the 
possibles is powering the unique ways 
of originating in the process of transforming. 
29
1. POWERING 
 Parents learn to be strong and move on with 
life after losing their youngest child in an 
accident. 
2. ORIGINATING 
 A woman raises money for breast cancer 
research to honor her grandmother. 
3. TRANSFORMING 
 An elderly man finally accepts outside help as 
he is no longer able to care for his wife. 
30
31
32
Can you see the sleeping baby in the tree? 
33
 The works of Parse 
and that of Rogers are 
representative of the 
simultaneity paradigm. 
34
HUMANS The unitary human is one 
who “co-participates in the universe in 
creating becoming and who is whole, open, 
free to choose ways of becoming. 
HEALTH A way of being in the world; 
it is not a continuum of healthy to ill, nor it is 
a dichotomy of health or illness, rather it is 
the living of day-to-day ways of being. 
35
NURSING A scientific discipline, the 
practice of which is a performing art. She 
places nursing in the company of drama, 
music, and dance, in each of which the 
artist creates something unique. 
ENVIRONMENT The world, the 
universe and those who occupy spaces 
along with others who freely choose to be 
in the situation. 
36
37
38
What else can you spot in this figure, aside 
39 
from the lion???
ASSESSMENT & NSG DX 
Assessment & Dx do not fit with this theory as 
Parse states the nurse-client interaction is not 
limited by prescriptions. 
40 
PLANNING 
Nurse is a guide, not a decision maker. 
Interaction is evolving.
IMPLEMENTATION 
Nurse serves as a guide to illuminate meaning-guides Mrs. 
James to identify the personal meaning of the situation to her; 
to synchronize rhythms -lead Mrs. James to recognize the 
harmony within her existence; & to mobilize transcendence 
-guide Mrs. James to move from the present to what is not yet, 
to dream of the possibles for her. 
EVALUATION 
Because the interaction is not limited to prescription, standards 
of evaluation cannot be created. Essentially the nurse can 
evaluate if Mrs. James has identified personal meaning, 
recognized harmony, & dreamed of the possibles. 
41
42
Aside from the face of the tiger, what else 
43 
can you see???
44

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Rosemarie rizzo parse

  • 1. 1 (HUMAN BECOMING SCHOOL OF THOUGHT)
  • 2. 2
  • 3. Educated at Duquesne University in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania & earned her master’s & doctoral degrees from the University of Pittsburgh. Member of the faculty of the University of Pittsburgh, Dean of the Nursing School at Duquesne University. Professor & Coordinator of the Center for Nursing Research at Hunter College of the City University of New York (1983-1993) 3
  • 4. Professor & Niehoff Chair at Loyola University in Chicago, Illinois (1993-2006). Fellow in the American Academy of Nursing Consultant & Visiting scholar at the New York University College of Nursing Founder & current editor of Nursing Science Quarterly President of Discovery International Inc. 4
  • 5. With two Lifetime Achievement Awards (Midwest Nursing Research Society and Asian Nurses’ Association) Rosemarie Rizzo Parse Scholarship at the Henderson State University School of Nursing. Published 9 books and more than 100 articles and editorials about matters pertinent to nursing . Outstanding contributions to the profession of nursing through her progressive leadership in nursing theory, research, education, and practice. 5
  • 6. SYMBOL OF HUMAN BECOMING 6  BLACK & WHITE OPPOSITE PARADOX SIGNIFICANT TO ONTOLOGY OF HUMAN BECOMING & GREEN IS HOPE  GREEN & BLACK swirls intertwining HUMAN-UNIVERSE CO CREATION AS AN ONGOING PROCESS OF BECOMING  CENTER JOINED CO CREATED MUTUAL HUMAN UNIVERSE PROCESS AT THE ONTOLOGICAL LEVEL & NURSE-PERSON PROCESS
  • 7. WARNING: ONLY THE THREE OF THEM ARE AVAILABLE… JUN PYO IS ALREADY TAKEN… 7
  • 8. Find the hidden man hanging at Machu Pichu… THINK OUTSIDE THE BOX! 8
  • 9.  Parse first published the theory in 1981 as the “MAN-LIVING- HEALTH” theory. 9
  • 10. Parse synthesized the Theory of Human Becoming from principles and concepts from Rogers’ work. She also incorporated concepts and principles from existential phenomenological thought as expressed by Heidegger, Sartre, and Merleau-Ponty. 10
  • 12. 2 PARADIGMS (WORDVIEWS OF NURSING) 12 I. TOTALITY PARADIGM  Man is a combination of biological, psychological, sociological & spiritual factors. II. SIMULTANEITY PARADIGM  Man is a unitary being in continuous, mutual interaction with environment.
  • 13. Man-Living-Health THEORY OF HUMAN BECOMING 13
  • 14. MAY ASIM PA AKO NOH!!! 14
  • 15. Apart from the Rose, what else can you see ??? 15
  • 16.  Parse’s theory was derived from the concepts of Rogers & existential thought. 16
  • 17.  Parse’s (1981) original nine assumptions are the following:  Man is coexisting while coconstituting rhythmical patterns with the environment.  Man is an open being, freely choosing meaning in situation, bearing responsibility for decisions.  Man is a living unity continuously coconstituting patterns of relating. 17
  • 18.  Man is transcending multidimensionally with the possibles. Health is an open process of becoming, experienced by man. Health is a rhythmically coconstituting process of the man-environment interrelationship. 18
  • 19.  Health is man’s pattern of relating value priorities.  Health is an intersubjective process of transcending with the possibles. Health is unitary man’s negentropic unfolding . 19
  • 20.  Using Parse’s 1992 language revision, the original nine assumptions now read as four assumptions concerning humans & five assumptions concerning becoming. They are: 20 HUMAN The human is coexisting while coconstituting rhythmical patterns with the universe. The human is an open being, freely choosing meaning in situation, bearing responsibility for decisions. The human is a living unity continuously coconstituting patterns of relating. The human is transcending multidimensionally with the possibles.
  • 21. 21 BECOMING Becoming is an open process, experienced by the human. Becoming is rhythmically coconstituting process of the human-universe interrelationship. Becoming is the human’s pattern of relating value priorities. Becoming is an intersubjective process of transcending with the possibles. Becoming is human unfolding.
  • 22. ANYONE WHO WOULD LIKE TO ADOPT ME ??? 22
  • 23. Look for “The Hidden Tiger” in the image below, where is the hidden tiger? READ BETWEEN THE LINES! 23
  • 24.  The three themes in Parse’s assumptions are: meaning, rhythmicity & contranscendence. 24
  • 25. THREE PRINCIPLES IN THE THEORY:  Structuring meaning multidimensionality is cocreating reality through the languaging of valuing & 25 imaging.
  • 26. 1. IMAGING  An infertile couple believes there are many children in need of loving homes and plan to adopt . 2. VALUING  An older woman putting her health first as her children have all moved out of the house . 3. LANGUAGING  A man diagnosed with terminal cancer finds the words and the strength to talk to his family about it . 26
  • 27.  Cocreating rhythmical patterns of relating is living the paradoxical unity of revealing-concealing and enabling-limiting while connecting-separating. 27
  • 28. 1. REVEALING-CONCEALING  A pregnant youth must reveal her secret to her parents. 2. ENABLING-LIMITING  A patient chooses to refuse a treatment. 3. CONNECTING-SEPARATING  Parents want more aggressive treatment for their palliative care daughter; her husband disagrees straining the relationship. 28
  • 29.  Contranscending with the possibles is powering the unique ways of originating in the process of transforming. 29
  • 30. 1. POWERING  Parents learn to be strong and move on with life after losing their youngest child in an accident. 2. ORIGINATING  A woman raises money for breast cancer research to honor her grandmother. 3. TRANSFORMING  An elderly man finally accepts outside help as he is no longer able to care for his wife. 30
  • 31. 31
  • 32. 32
  • 33. Can you see the sleeping baby in the tree? 33
  • 34.  The works of Parse and that of Rogers are representative of the simultaneity paradigm. 34
  • 35. HUMANS The unitary human is one who “co-participates in the universe in creating becoming and who is whole, open, free to choose ways of becoming. HEALTH A way of being in the world; it is not a continuum of healthy to ill, nor it is a dichotomy of health or illness, rather it is the living of day-to-day ways of being. 35
  • 36. NURSING A scientific discipline, the practice of which is a performing art. She places nursing in the company of drama, music, and dance, in each of which the artist creates something unique. ENVIRONMENT The world, the universe and those who occupy spaces along with others who freely choose to be in the situation. 36
  • 37. 37
  • 38. 38
  • 39. What else can you spot in this figure, aside 39 from the lion???
  • 40. ASSESSMENT & NSG DX Assessment & Dx do not fit with this theory as Parse states the nurse-client interaction is not limited by prescriptions. 40 PLANNING Nurse is a guide, not a decision maker. Interaction is evolving.
  • 41. IMPLEMENTATION Nurse serves as a guide to illuminate meaning-guides Mrs. James to identify the personal meaning of the situation to her; to synchronize rhythms -lead Mrs. James to recognize the harmony within her existence; & to mobilize transcendence -guide Mrs. James to move from the present to what is not yet, to dream of the possibles for her. EVALUATION Because the interaction is not limited to prescription, standards of evaluation cannot be created. Essentially the nurse can evaluate if Mrs. James has identified personal meaning, recognized harmony, & dreamed of the possibles. 41
  • 42. 42
  • 43. Aside from the face of the tiger, what else 43 can you see???
  • 44. 44

Notes de l'éditeur

  1. Imaging The picturing or making real of events, ideas and people. Valuing A person’s choosing, prizing & acting on these symbols that have meaning in the person’s life. Languaging Reflection of images and values through speaking and moving.
  2. The eyes of the animal are painted on the woman's breasts, the paws painted on her knees, and mouth and nose are on her stomach..
  3. There is a woman face on this tiger …