11.comparative perspective of india & malaysia

Journal of Education and Practice www.iiste.org
ISSN 2222-1735 (Paper) ISSN 2222-288X (Online)
Vol 2, No 10, 2011

Lawn Ball: Comparative Perspective of India
& Malaysia

Prof Dr. Kalpana Sharma
Amity School of Physical Education and Sport Sciences,
Amity University Uttar Pradesh,
Sector 125, NOIDA, GBN
drkalpanas@gmail.com

Ms. Shubhra Kathuria
Bharati college (University of Delhi)
C-4 Janak Puri, New Delhi-11005
Chakde06@gmail.com
Abstract:
A comparative study was conducted on international players of lawn bowl. The study was conducted on 22
players who volunteered from India and Malaysia (11 players from each country). The Questionnaire
contained 35 questions under categories of facilities, coaches, benefits, selection, performance, promotion
and publicity of the game (reliability 0 .89 & Validity .82). Percentage of responses was calculated. For
facilities Malaysians had an opinion that on an average 85.5 % Malaysia had the players, coaches,
equipments, play facilities, coaches and a maximum utilization of the facilities and Indians had an opinion
that on an average 16.35% India had the facilities. On the factor of coaches’ quality the Malaysians had an
absolute opinion 100% and were extremely positive of the role, knowledge, efficiency, punctuality, helping
nature for players. On the factor of coaches’ quality the Indians 53.57% and were of the positive whereas
46.43% players were having a negative opinion about the coaches’ quality and their role played at various
levels. On the factor of benefits to the players monetary (state level), off season camps, duration of camps,
national government support, honour & motivation, continuous competitions etc the Malaysians 85.65 %
supported the opinion whereas 14.35% were found to be apprehensive of the benefits. On the factor of
benefits to the players monetary etc 69.88% Indians supported the opinion whereas 30.12 % were found to be
apprehensive of the benefits. On the factor of selection of the team regarding regional preferences and
background the 51.57% Malaysians were in agreement to the procedures however 41.43% were not in
agreement. On the factor of selection of the team regarding regional preferences and background the 85.04 %
Indians were in agreement to the procedures however 15.06% were not in agreement. On the factor of
performance of the team regarding commitment to performance, psychological preparedness &
professionalism 96.96 % Malaysian players had agreement for it however 3.03% were not in agreement. On
the factor of performance of the team 79.98 % Indian players had agreement for it however 12.4 were not in
agreement. Promotion & Publicity factor had 85.44% Malaysian players agreeing whereas 14.56 % not in
agreement whereas 79.98% Indian players agreeing whereas 20.02 % not in agreement.

1.1Introduction

Bowls historians believe that the game was developed from Egypt. One of their pastimes was to play skittles
with round stones. The sport spread across the world and took a variety of forms, Bocce (Italian), Bolla
(Saxon), Bolle (Danish), Boules (French) and Ula Miaka (Polynesian). World Bowls stretches over 6
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continents and covers 52 member National Authorities in 46 Member Nations from Botswana to America
via Fiji. The oldest lawn bowls site in play is in Southampton, England. Records show that the green has been
in operation since 1299 A.D. During the reign of Richard II bowls were referred to as "gettre de pere" or
"jetter de pierre," and describes throwing a stone, probably as round as possible. In the early 15th century
bowls were made of hardwoods and, after the 16th century discovery of Santo Domingo, of lignum vitae, a
very dense wood. There is little knowledge of Bowls in India. The initiation of the game dates from 2007.
Foreign coaches were invited to identify talent and coach them. State Championships and Nationals were
conducted to increase the popularity of the game and attract more players from different states. The process
continued from December 2008 to 2009 when Indian team represented at the Asia-Pacific Championships in
2009. 2010 Commonwealth Games was the turning point for the game of bowls. Due to the Games there are
3 greens in Delhi. This Complex comprised 4 synthetic floodlight greens with accommodation for spectators
etc. In India after Commonwealth Games 2010 lawn bowls took a step forward to 34th National Games,
Jharkhand where 8 states qualified for the Senior Nationals.

2.1 Procedure and Methods
A comparative study was conducted on the players of lawn bowl. The study was conducted
on 22 players who volunteered from India and Malaysia (11 players from each country). The Questionnaire
contained 34 questions which were divided under the heads of Facilities, Coaches, Benefits, Selection,
Performance, and Promotion and Publicity of the game (reliability .89 & Validity .82). As the data collected
is not in ratio and interval scale it is a nominal scale i.e. non parametric statistic is applied (T parallel option,
cross volis/ manvetni the substitute of non parametric T- test is applied).

3.1RESULTS:
On the factor of facilities Malaysians agreed that they have specialized lawn bowl players (63.3%),
facilities at school (72.2%), qualified coaches at various levels (72.20%), grounds for practice (81.8%),
qualified coaches training state teams & medical facilities (100%), existing facilities in state with proper
utilization of latest gadgets (90.9%), availability of stadium to practice the sport 90.9%.
On the factor of facilities Indians agreed that they have specialized lawn bowl players (18.1%), facilities at
school (0%), qualified coaches at various levels (0%), grounds for practice (36.3%), coaches for state team
(45.5%),medical facilities (81.8%), existing facilities in state (72.7%) latest gadgets and availability of
stadium (63.6%).
Table 1
CRITERIA MALAYSIA INDIA

Fig. No. 1 Facilities

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Specialised Players 63.3% 18.1%

72.2% 27.2%
Facilities at School Level
72.2% 0%
Qualified Coaches at School/Institute
81.8% 36.3%

Standardized Grounds at School 100% 45.4%

100% 81.8%
Qualified Coach for State Team
100% 72.7%

Medical Facilities 90.9% 63.6%

90.9% 63.6%
Sufficient Facilities
90.9% 63.6%
Latest Gadgets

Utilization

Stadium to Practice

On the factor of coaches Malaysian strongly agreed (100%) the role of coach is extremely important to
determine the performance of the team with sufficient knowledge of the game, seminars/ clinics conducted
regularly for their update, punctuality , deserving & efficient (100%), former players are key to coaching.
On the factor of coaches Indian too agreed (100%) that the role of coach is very important, sufficient
knowledge (81.1%), seminars/ clinics conducted (72.7%), punctual & devoted , deserving and efficient
(90.9%), 100% agreed on former players coaching.

Table 2

Fig. No. 2 Coaches

Role of Coach 100% 100%

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Sufficient Knowledge 100% 81.1%

100% 72.2%
Seminar /Clinic for Coaches
100% 90.9%
Punctual and Devoted
100% 90.9%

Deserving and Efficient 100% 100%

Former Players Coaching

Fig : 2

On the factor of benefits, monetary by state associations is (100%) in Malaysia , off season camps
(63.3%), duration of camp satisfactory (90.9%), financial aid by government (81.8%), incentives, prizes,
honours for players is 100%,competions on regular basis(81.8%), lack of motivation to popularize the game
81.8 % agreed.
Where as in India monetary benefits(36.3%), off season camps organised (63.3%) agreed, 90.9% agreed to
be satisfied on duration of coaching camps, financial aid by government (81.8%), incentives, prizes &
honours for players(63.3%), competition on regular basis(63.3%), lack of motivation (90.9%)

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Table 3

Fig. No. 3 Benefits

Monetary Benefits 100% 36.3%

63.3% 63.3%
Off Season Camps
90.9% 90.9%
Duration of Camps
81.8% 81.8%

Financial Aid by Government 100% 63.3%

81.8% 63.3%
Incentives to Players
81.8% 90.9%

Competitions

Lack of Motivation

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Fig : 3

On the factor of selection (45.5%) Malaysian agreed on politic involved in selection procedure at national
level, 54.5% said there is regional preferences and players background more important during selection.
On the factor of selection only 9% agreed on politics involved in selection procedure at national level and
regional preferences, 27.2% says players background are more important during selection.
Table 4


Fig. No. 5 Selection

Politics 45.4% 9%

54.5% 9%
Regional Preferences
54.5% 27.2%

Players Background

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Fig : 4

On the factor of performance Malaysian strongly agree (100%) team performance matters most to them,
players are prepared psychologically to compete 90.9%, professionalism helps to improve the standard of
the game(100%).

On the factor of performance Indian too strongly agreed on team performance matters most to them
(100%), players are psychologically prepared (63.3%), professionalism helps to improve the standard of the
game(100%).

Table 5


Fig. No. 5 Performance

Team Performance 100% 100%

90.9% 63.3%
Psychologically

Preparation
100% 100%

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Professionalism

Fig : 5

On the factor of promotion and publicity 81.8% Malaysian agreed that the government gives sufficient
support and promotion to the game of lawn bowl along with parents playing positive role in its promotion
(72.7%), media coverage (81.8%), bowling academies/clubs required (100%), encouragement from state
associations (90.9%).
On the factor of promotion and publicity 27.3% Indian agreed that the government gives sufficient support
and promotion to the game of lawn bowl along with parents playing positive role in its promotion (100%),
media coverage (100%), bowling academies/clubs required (100%), encouragement from state associations
(72.7%).

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Table 6


Fig. No. 6 Promotion & Publicity

Support by Government 81.8% 27.2

72.7% 100%
Positive Role by Parents
81.8% 100%

Media Coverage
100% 100%

Academies /Clubs 90.9% 72.7%

Encouragement by State Association

Fig : 6

4.1Conclusion:
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Though India is behind Malaysia in the factors of coaching, selections, benefits etc but it is competing to
overcome all and promote the sport of lawn bowls in all the states of India. As presently only 12 states are
registered state association with Bowling Federation of India, we may see others coming ahead soon and
joining the sport in a competitive manner.
REFRENCES :
Website : en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bowls

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