The document discusses research from multiple studies on gender differences in leadership effectiveness and perception. One study found that when rating their own effectiveness, men tended to rate themselves higher than women, but when rated by others, women were seen as more effective leaders. Another study analyzed feedback from over 450,000 leaders and found that women were viewed as more effective leaders than men. The only area where women did not perform as well was facilities management. Additionally, as women moved up in an organization, they were perceived more positively. The document closes by asking questions about gender differences and discrimination in the workplace.

1. MEN & WOMEN
LEADERSHIP
Allison Buehner

2. ASSOCIATION FOR WOMEN IN
COMMUNICATIONS• Promoting excellence in communication since1909
• Mission: to promote the advancement of women in all
fields of communications, to work for First
Amendment Rights and responsibilities of
communicators, to recognize distinguished
professional achievements and to promote high
professional standards throughout the
communications industry“When leaders rated their own effectiveness, men
tended to rate themselves higher than women. But
when other people (peers, bosses, subordinates or
third-party observers) did the rating, women were seen
as significantly more effective than men.”
-Sebastian Bailey, Forbes

3. WOMEN & MEN AS LEADERS AND
COMMUNICATORS
Leadership styles
have evolved over
time, with a
prominent shift
from the
autocratic and
directive
leadership of the
twentieth century
to a more
participative and
democratic style
of the new

4. ZENGER FOLKMAN STUDY
“For more than a decade, our
organization has been collecting
360° feedback data from leading
organizations worldwide. We now
have 450,000 feedback
instruments pertaining to about
45,000 leaders, covering a wide
variety of industries. The sample
we have used includes just under
16,000 leaders of whom two-
thirds were male and one-third
female. Each participant had on
average 13 respondents, including
their manager, their direct reports
and their peers.” -Bob Sherwin,
Business Insider

5. EFFECTIVENESS COMPARED
“The concern
about women
not being able
to perform well
in those
functional
areas is
resoundingly
refuted by the
data. Only in
facilities
management
and
maintenance
do they not do
well.”

6. POSITIVE PERCEPTION COMPARED
“As women move up
the ladder in an
organization, the
higher they move
the more positively
they are perceived.”

7. CLOSING THOUGHTS
How do we think we might
encounter gender differences in
the workplace?
Have you ever experienced
discrimination at a job or
internship due to your gender?
What are some ways we can
achieve gender equality in the
workplace?
Issues to
Consider:
Work-life
balance
Maternity leave
Mentoring
Equal pay
Dress Code