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Report on the ToT training, Jointly Organized by DRMFSS and UNDP-CO, Funded by
UNDP GEF/LDCF Project (CI & EWS) held in Nairobi, Kenya, January 1-10, 2015
By
ALMAZ DEMESSIE
Senior Agro-Meteorologist
and Early Warning expert, UNDP/GEF LDCF project Focal Person
Disaster Risk Management and Food Security Sector
Office tel: +251-114430578, Mobile tel: +251 -911-197120
E-mail: demessiead@gmail.com
ToT Training on Climate Information and Early Warning Systems for Climate
Resilient Development and Adaptation to Climate Change, 1 – 10 January 2015,
Nairobi, Kenya

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I. INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVES
The ToT training (Action 2.3.2 one of DRMFSS’s CI&EWS Project Annual Execution Plan
EFY 2006/2007), which is supposed to be address key issues along the uses of meteorological,
agro-meteorological and hydro-meteorological information in Early Warning System (EWS) and
Disaster Risk Management (DRM) at large, was conducted in Nairobi, Kenya (1 -10 January 2015)
the venue was Institute For Meteorological Training and Research WMO Regional Training Center
(IMTR). The training program was jointly organized by DRMFSS and UNDP-CO. The training experts
(trainers) for the training are drawn from Department of Meteorology, University of Nairobi;
IMTR, Kenya Met. Society, ICPAC, among several other institutions. Moreover from the user
side the project in titled with “Strengthening/enhancing drought and flood early warning
systems in Ethiopia; Capacity building program for climate change adaptation in
Ethiopia” aims at strengthening the capacity of the Disaster Risk Management and Food
Security Sector (DRMFSS) in its Early Warning System and in the effort of formulate and
implement to climate change adaptation actions which is one of the cross cutting issues in its
DRM Strategic Program and Investment Framework (DRMSPIF).
Moreover the purpose of the aforementioned training program is to support meteorological and
hydro-meteorological users how to interpret the information what they get from NMA and MOE
including near real time Satellite information from different sources for their day to day activities
and their short term, medium term and long term DRM plan at large with the aim of capacity
building in the following areas:
i. Improving capacity of senior managers to manage more effectively in proactive EWS
which is the main input in the risk management framework.
ii. Strengthening internal systems in terms of using weather/climate information in EWS at
all level i.e. by designing appropriate training program in order to develop the capacity of
staffs at Federal, Regional and Woreda level.
Objectives of the training
The main objective of this training is to ensure that a strong training package is delivered to
EWRD staffs to equip them in the knowledge of meteorology, agro meteorology and
hydrometeorology. Moreover, it is believed that theToT training program would increase their capacity
for risk management and response planning at large.
II. TRAINING ARRANGEMENT AND ATTENDANCE
Before the start of the training program, the necessary preparations were performed jointly by DRMFSS
and UNDP-CO. In reference the delegation letter made by National Meteorological Agency
(National Project Coordinator) dated 27 October 2014 reference № IO- 3/21 the Disaster Risk

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Management and Food Security Sector (DRMFSS) manage to get the training center and has
officially nominated ten candidates (with diversified education background) for overseas ToT
training held from 1 - 10 January 2014 at the Institute For Meteorological Training and Research
WMO Regional Training Center Nairobi, Kenya. The following trainees were attended the ToT
training:-
Table 1 shows the composition of trainees from DRMFSS
The trainers have provide Flash disk to the trainees loaded with the necessary training document and
training materials in PowerPoint and Pdf format, then executed the training. The first day started with the
introduction of participant’s and Prof. Ogallo then introduced the lecturers from various universities in
Nairobi and their areas of Expertise. Dr. Alfred Opere, Chairman of the Department of Meteorology,
University of Nairobi, officially opened the workshop and he welcomed all the participants to the meeting
and wished them a fruitful deliberation and a comfortable stay in Nairobi. After the photo session and
No Name of the candidate as indicated
in the passport
Educational Background Position/contact address
1 WOLDETSADIK/ALMAZ
DEMESIE
M.Sc in Tropical Agricultural
Development (UK)
Senior Agro meteorological expert
(Focal Person for CIWES Project) /
demessiead@gmail.com
2 ALEYE/BEYEN SEBEKO M.Sc in Disaster Management
and Sustainable Development
Senior Fire Monitoring
expert/beyenesebeko97@gmail.com
3 WELDETSADIK/DEJENE
MEBRATU
MSc in Plant Protection Senior Plant Protection expert
4 ALEMU/SERKALEM
GETACHWU
M.Sc in Disaster Science and
Sustainable Development
Doctor Of Veterinary Medicine
(DVM) Expert
5 ADEFRIS/NEGYE HAILU BSc in METEOROLOGY Agro meteorological expert
6 ADOIE/MULUKEN WORIHUN M.Sc. in Reproductive Health Senior Nutritionist
7 WOLDETSADIK/YEHULASHET
HAILE
BA in Management A/Logistic Coordinator
8 GEBREHIWOT/ARAGAW
LEMMA
BA in Accounting Finance Case Team Coordinator
9 WOLDEMICHEAL/ASMELASH
GEBREHIWOT
M.Sc. World Economy and
International Eco. Relation
Case Worker
10 MANDEFRO/ALTAYECH
YITBAREK
Diploma in Statistic and
Computer Science
Computer Programmer

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health break Prof. Ogallo then gave the Perspectives of the TOTs and Outcome mapping. The following
issues were also discussed and agreed upon:
• Brief on the goals and objectives
• Presentation of programme
• Discussion and Adoption of ToT training programme
Prof. Ogallo then introduced the concept of Outcome mapping which required that the participants
indicate their expectations from the ToT workshop. The purpose of outcome mapping is to help
participants see the need for strategic planning and implementation of the ToT training plan/programme
for effective achievements of the workshop objectives. Participants were therefore provided with cards in
which they were to write down their expectations. The following issues were identified by Participants as
key issues in Outcome Mapping:
• Knowledge on Climate Change(CC) and Adaptation
• Linking Disaster Risk Reduction (DRR) and Climate Change
• Development of Early Warning products and Dissemination
• Use of Indigenous Knowledge (IK) in Early Warning (EW) and Early
Action (EA)
• Preparation of Training Material
• Use of Satellite information in EW
• Mainstreaming CC in Adaptation
• DRM, Gender and Youth
• Climate Smart Development
• Hazard identification and Mapping
By referring the above mentioned key issuesofoutcome mapping the ToT training has covered the
following points:
Principles of Disaster Risk Management/ Reduction
 Introduction to Hazards/Disasters
 Natural and Anthropogenic (Human Induced) Hazards
 Principles of Disaster Risk Reduction (DRR) VS Disaster Risk Management
(DRM); Climate Risk Management (CRM), Vulnerability and Capacity,
Exposure and Resilience
 Hazards (Global, Regional and Ethiopia)

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Introduction to Meteorology and hazards knowledge
Most hazards in Ethiopia and many other parts of Africa are associated with extreme weather
and climate events. This session presents the field of Meteorology from hazards point of view
(past, present and future patterns of weather /climate extremes (hazards), causes, impacts, and
coping lessons)
 Meteorology and weather / Climate extremes (Meteorological Hazards)
 Key Terminologies in Meteorology, Weather and climate
 The Climate System
 Characteristics of past, present and future climate , especially the extremes
 Climate variability and change (Evidences from Past and Present)
 Causes of climate variability and change
 Introduction to Climate Change
 Global warming (GHGs concentration in the atmosphere)
 UNFCCC (plus ongoing revision efforts)
 Projection of future of climate for the region and Ethiopia
 Climate change evidences from participants (Lessons Learnt)
Climate and Development
 Climate, Economy, Society and Environment((land, biosphere, water and atmosphere
resources)
 Sustainable Development concept: UN Conference on Environment and Development
(UNCED) , Agenda 21 ,millennium development goals; and RIO + 20, Sustainable
development goals; UNCCD; UNCB
 Disasters impacts (especially climate extremes)
 Examples from past and present impacts of climate extremes on development in Ethiopia
 Can we have sustainable development without DRM/DRR and CCA?
 Principles of Disaster Management
o Disaster Management Cycle
Climate information needs in support of climate resilient development and adaptation to
climate change often vary from sector to sector. Sector specific climate information needs are
briefly highlighted

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 Introduction to Climate information and early warning needs for climate resilient
development and adaptation to climate change
 Climate information and early warning needs for the Agriculture and Food Security
Sector (Crops/Livestock/Fisheries)
 Climate information and early warning needs for the Water Sector
 Climate information and early warning needs for the Health sector
 Climate information and early warning needs for Industry, energy and transport sector
 Climate information and early warning needs for Environment management, land use /
land degradation and land management
 Climate information and early warning needs for Human settlement / urbanization ,
hotel and tourism industry
 Climate information and early warning needs for the Disaster Management Sector
 Disasters needs of Gender and Youth
 Indigenous knowledge in Disaster management
 Global Framework for Climate Services (GFCS) vs. community / sector specific based
climate services
Disaster Management Strategies
 Concepts of Disaster Management Strategy
 Global (Hyogo Framework for Action (HFA), and ongoing revision efforts (Sendai
2015)
 (Regional /IGAD - IGAD Drought Disaster Resilience and Sustainability Initiative
(IDDRSI)
 Disaster Management strategy (Policy/implementation, Legal and institutional
frameworks, coordination, Funding, Education and awareness, research; science and
technology on all components of disasters management cycle including early warning
systems, Communication systems, Resources, Capacity, Leadership roles at all levels,
Coordination and Collaboration)
 Lessons from Malaysia, Uganda and Kenya
 Lessons of Ethiopia (Participants to lead the discussion for Ethiopia, specific areas and
sectors)
Climate Change Adaptation and Mitigation
 Climate Change Detection and Attribution at National/Local levels
 Climate Change Adaptation

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o Coping with current climate extremes
o Future climate change scenarios
o Adaptation options
o Post Kyoto
 Ecosystem based Adaptation
 Climate change Mitigation Options
 Mitigation Options
 Geo-engineering (Carbon dioxide Capture and Storage)
Climate Smart Development
 Implementation of Climate Smart Development Strategy
 (DRM Vs climate smart development strategy)
 Mainstreaming of climate information in sector specific plans; Integration of disaster
management and climate change adaptation efforts; Data and inter disciplinary
knowledge of the interacting systems; Role Research, science and technology including
Remote Sensing and GIS; Capacity; Early Warning Systems; Other Cross- cutting issues
: Gender, Youth, local knowledge / technology)
 Sustainable development challenges
 Poverty Reduction Strategies
 Integration of DRR and CCA into development strategy
Training material preparation for different levels
 TOTs Training material preparation for different levels (Federal, Regional and district
/ Local levels)
o Discussed on sample training manual which is prepared by the trainers and some
amendment made based on the interests of the participants. The prototype of the training
manual(Table 2) is as follows:

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Table 2 shows the Training Curriculum on Climate Information and Early Warning Systems for
Climate Resilient Development and Adaptation to Climate Change
Code Course Title
DRM/C01 Perspectives of the Training and outcome mapping of the training expectation; Training
objectives / goals, activities, Outputs / outcomes; Performance indicators . Participants
discussion and recommendations on the unit
DRM/C02 Principles of Disaster Risk Management/ Reduction:
Introduction to Hazards/Disasters; Hazards classification: Natural and Anthropogenic
/Human Induced Hazards; Principles of Disaster Risk Reduction (DRR) VS Disaster Risk
Management (DRM); Climate Risk Management (CRM), Vulnerability and Capacity,
Exposure and Resilience ; Global, Regional, National, Sub regional and community level
Hazards
Participant’s presentation and discussion of area/ sector specific hazards. Recommendations
on the unit
DRM/C03 Concepts of Risk
Key Terminologies; Concept of risk (Hazard, Vulnerability, Capacity, and Exposure),
Resilience; Risk management vs reduction. Participants’ presentation and discussion of area/
sector specific risks. Recommendations on the unit
DRM/C04 Introduction to Meteorology and hazards knowledge
Meteorology from hazards point of view (past, present and future patterns of weather /climate
extremes (hazards), causes, impacts, and coping lessons); Definition of Weather , climate ;
climate variability and climate change ; The Climate System; Characteristics of past, present
and future climate, Causes of climate variability and change, Introduction to Climate Change,
Global warming (GHGs concentration in the atmosphere) UNFCCC (plus ongoing revision
efforts); Projection of future of climate for the global region national and local climate;
Climate change evidences from participants (Lessons Learnt); Participants’ presentation and
discussion of area/ sector specific on climate variability / change evidences.
Recommendations on the unit
DRM/C05 Climate and Development
Climate, Economy, Society and Environment((land, biosphere, water and atmosphere
resources) ;Sustainable Development concept: UN Conference on Environment and
Development (UNCED) , Agenda 21 ,millennium development goals; and RIO + 20,
Sustainable development goals; UNCCD; UNCB); Disasters impacts (especially climate
extremes) ; Examples from past and present impacts of climate extremes on development in
Ethiopia including PDNA; Can we have sustainable development without DRM/DRR and
CCA?, Principles of Disaster Management; Disaster Management Cycle; Participants’
presentation and discussion of area/ sector specific on socio-economic post disaster costs.
Recommendations on the unit
DRM/C06 Sector specific Climate information needs in support of climate resilient development
and adaptation to climate change
Introduction to Climate information and early warning needs for climate resilient
development and adaptation to climate change; Global Framework for Climate Services
(GFCS) vs. community / sector specific based climate services; Climate information and
early warning needs for the Agriculture and Food Security Sector
(Crops/Livestock/Fisheries); Climate information and early warning needs for the Water
Sector; Climate information and early warning needs for the Health sector; Climate
information and early warning needs for Industry, energy and transport sector; Climate
information and early warning needs for Environment management, land use / land
degradation and land management; Climate information and early warning needs for Human
settlement / urbanization , hotel and tourism industry; Climate information and early warning
needs for the Disaster Management Sector; Disasters needs of Gender and Youth;
Indigenous knowledge in Disaster management; Participants’ presentation and discussion of
area/ sector specific climate information needs. Recommendations on the unit

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DRM/C07 Principles of Disaster Management Strategy
Concepts of Disaster Management Strategy; Global, regional and National dimensions;
Global (Hyogo Framework for Action (HFA), and ongoing revision efforts (Sendai 2015);
Regional /IGAD - IGAD Drought Disaster Resilience and Sustainability Initiative (IDDRSI);
Lessons from Malaysia, Uganda, Philippines and Kenya, Participants’ presentation and
discussion of area/ sector specific lessons on disaster management strategy principles.
Recommendations on the unit
DRM/C08 Climate Change Adaptation and Mitigation
Climate Change Detection and Attribution at National/Local levels; Climate Change
Adaptation; Coping with current climate extremes; Future climate change scenarios
;Adaptation options; HFA & Post Kyoto; Climate change adaptation; Climate change
Mitigation Options; Geo-engineering (Radiation management ; Carbon dioxide Capture and
Storage)Participants’ presentation and discussion of area/ sector specific lessons on Climate
Change Adaptation and Mitigation. Recommendations on the unit
DRM/C09 Climate Screening for Development
Screening climate and other disasters risks for development (Assessment and discussion for
the target level using Table 1)
Brief presentation report by individual Participants (individual expectations achievement by
each participant based on outcome mapping interests);Monitoring and Evaluation of the
workshop using table 2
DRM/C10 Field visits to areas relevant to the target group for lessons and experiences. Participants to
provide individual training report that includes report of the field trips integrated in the
overall training
Table 3 Screening climate and other disasters risks for development
Issues that participants are required to have
sector/ area specific information for group
discussions
Participant’s inputs
1. Does past and current climate pose any
threats to the sector/ area
- which are the climate hazards
2. What are the current known thematic / area
specific impacts /threats of climate extremes
- How often do the climate extremes results for
disasters in your area/ sector, How could these
been avoided if you were in charge and had
access to all you required for action
3. Do you integrate risks information / data/
knowledge of past and current climate risks /
threats in your current strategies
(a). Give example/s of how you are coping with
the current climate risks
(b). if no integration has been done , what are
your reasons for non use of climate information
and what difference could climate information
use including hot spots mapping, early warning,

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etc make in reducing your area/sector risks
4. Any evidences of climate change in your
area/sector
- Assume climate change will increase frequency
and severity of current climate threats and even
introduce new threats in environment, society,
investments and development if no Climate
proofing strategies are developed to cope with
climate variability and adapt to climate change
5. What are the potential thematic impacts of
future climate change, (extrapolate current
climate impacts using your own scenarios) and
imagine how the area/ sector may look like in
2030; 2050, 2070, 2100??)
- Do you plan to integrate climate change risks in
future climate change in your plans
- Proposed sector/ are climate change adaptation
options
6. Climate risk screening system :
Give examples of current and expected
challenges including data; hazards/ risks
mapping, early warning; capacity development;
Research, information sharing /
Outreach/education / awareness, Approach to
UNFCCC negotiations ; Adaptation, National
Policy, coordination , legal and institutional
framework; HFA2, and other ongoing global
sector specific negotiations such in Environment,
Humanitarian, Development, etc
7. Current national Disaster management
(DRM) and climate change policies
- How are DRM and climate change policies
integrated
- National, regional , and community systems
- Brief on strengths and gaps of the current DRM
policy
8. EXPECTATIONS
What is your individual expectations (outputs
and outcomes) at the end of the training
This theme will be the focus of the first
outcome mapping session of the and
workshop assessment at the end

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The Training curriculum on climate information and early warning systems for climate resilient
development and adaptation to climate change focuses on two key themes, namely, Climate Resilient
Development and Adaptation to Climate Change, as well as the need for their integration in support of
sustainable development. Disaster risk management and climate change adaptation are multi sectoral and
interdisplinary issues that require coordinated actions by all actors and at all levels. Participatory
approaches are therefore critical in the training with the trainees expected to play key roles in providing
local / sectoral information, lessons and experiences. The knowledge from the training is expected to
trickle down to the expected levels to strategies for Disaster Risk Reduction and climate change
adaptation for improved resilience of the communities. The curriculum for the training in summarized in
the table below, and the level of coverage of the individual themes (courses) will depend on target groups.
This will be determined at the first unit of the training that is devoted to Outcome Mapping of participants
Expectations. The outcome mapping ofthe training expectation allows participation and inclusivity
of the participants in the strategic planning and implementation of the training programme for
effective achievements of the training objectives. The TOTs training report will include
presentations from all sessions that will form key reference to any target group training.
Climate Screening for Development
 Screening climate and other disasters risks for development (Assessment and discussion
of Ethiopian case)
 Brief presentation report by individual Participants (individual expectations achievement
by each participant based on outcome mapping interests)
 Monitoring and Evaluation of the workshop
Integration of Disaster Risk management on Climate change adaptation
 Tour to IGAD CLIMATE PREDICTION AND APPLICATION CENTRE (ICPAC)
 on 6th of January 2015

• The first visit of the trainees was IGAD Remote sensing and GIS unit
o Brief description about Monitoring for Environment and Security in Africa
(MESA) project given by Professor Ogallo. As professor Ogallo has pointed out
ICPC is the Regional Implementation Centre and the key stakeholders are
Regional Centre for Mapping of Resources for Development (RCMRD), NEMA
(Uganda) and EMA (Ethiopia).
o The MESA project focusing on
 Land Degradation Assessment
 Natural Habitat Conservation
 Forest Monitoring Services
 The duration of the project is 3 years (2013 – 2016)
 The target groups are regional and national institutions mandated for

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 environment
 Climate food security and related responsibility

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 Field visit to Regional Centre for Mapping of Resources for Development (RCMRD)
on 8th of January 2015
 Dr Christopher took the participants to RCMRD on 8th
of January 2014
 Upon arrival introductory remark made by Mr. Byron A. O Anangwe and Denis
Macharia, focuses on:-
i. How to use satellite information for DRM
ii. About member state of RCMRD mainly east, central and south African countries
iii. the nature of capacity development in the system for RCMRD member states.
iv. About funding mechanism
v. About the levels of spatial data supply i.e. very High Resolution, High
Resolution, Medium Resolution and Low Resolution.

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III. Recommendations from the ToT training
Among the Recommendations which were propose during the ToT training
the major ones are as follows
 Know your future Hazards and Vulnerabilities and identify how you will be able to deal
with these future scenarios
• Know your risks at all levels (Vulnerability/Exposure)
• Identify your capacities and resources to deal with the threat including mapping of the
resources both at the surface and under the surface over Ethiopia should be undertaken to
ensure that maximum benefits are derived.
• Understanding on the systems that affects the climate of Ethiopia was a key priority.

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• Need for community led adaptations to address the challenges of CC in the future and;
exchange programmes should be encouraged and facilitated to ensure that the good
practices are shared among the communities.
• Conduct different research on climate change and Countries should embrace science and
technology as a means for development
• Develop alternative energy (e.g. Hydro Power) including other renewable energies
• Countries must manage and use their own resources for development
• There is need to see how population (only if well managed) can be used as a potential in
DRR
• There is need to build the capacity of the women, youth and other vulnerable social
groups at all levels in DRR
• There is a need to move in tandem with the changing climate as we develop adaptation
options (Adaptation should not be static).
• DRR community should work very closely with the National Meteorological Agencies
for climate data and information services and need to get access to the information and
activities within ICPAC and other institutions
• Gender issues need to be mainstreamed in DRR activities
• Cadastral system should be embraced for sustainable land management
• There is need for up to date information on hydro-meteorological conditions for DRR in
the water sector.
• There is need to use Indigenous Knowledge (IK) and integrate this with modern science
in order to enhance disaster risk reduction strategies at local level. Moreover
documentation of the traditional IK and practices needs to be carried out as a matter of
urgency.
• Need for training on GeoCLIM software and other relevant software to help identify
climate “hotspots” for DRR activities.
• Need to engage private sector in DRR
• Need for Partnership with mobile service providers in managing Disasters
• Work with local FM radio transmitters in DRR communication system and management

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• Need for standard operating procedures and protocols in DRR Management
• Using latest appropriate technology in DRR mapping and assessment.
The Performance ofthe ToT training and Issues Raised by the Participants
The training was very interactive and participatory, as can be seen from the above pictures all trained
staffs had got a chance to involve and practice every moment of the events. During the training, the
participants were active, raised many questions, and made comments and amend additional ideas on the
recommendations mainly proposed by the trainers.
At the end of the training, each trained person received the Software of full training document by flash
disk. Participants were also given the opportunity to comment about the training program and
consequently they said that the training program was educative, resourceful and have gained much
understanding weather/climate issues, the current Climate Change issues and different international
conventions towards Climate Change and DRR matters. The participants have further promised to
exercise and share the knowledge what they got during the ToT training. Finally the trainees received
certificate for their ToT raining participation.
IV. CONCLUSION
 For effective use of the weather/climate information for Early Warning System and Disaster
Risk Management at large the DRR community should work very closely with the
National Meteorological Agencies for climate data and information services, there is
need for up to date information on hydro-meteorological conditions for DRR in the
water sector, there is need to use indigenous knowledge (IK) and integrate this with
modern science in order to enhance disaster risk reduction strategies at local level and
need to get access to the information and activities within ICPAC and other
international institutions.
 Using weather/climate information in day to day work of EWS and in the preparation
of short-term, medium term and long-term DRM plan at large is very important for
effective DRM activities.