The relationship between soft drinks consumption and obesity

1. The Relationship between
Soft Drinks Consumption and Obesity
By
Amr Mousa

2. Agenda
 Introduction to Obesity
 Literature review ( Causes of Obesity )
 Methods
 Results
 Discussion
 Conclusion

4. What is obesity ?

5. (Block G. Foods contributing to energy intake in the US, 2006)

6. (Bray GA et al, 2004)

10.  2,767 participants from Los Angeles County and
Southern Louisiana
 Mean servings were 438 in LAC and 617 in SL
 These results exceeded the expectations by more than
60% in LAC and 120% in SL!!
 The mean consumption of fruit and vegetables fell
10% short in LAC and 20% in SL

11. Limitations
 The study didn’t focus its findings on specific age range

14.  3598 girls and 3347 boys from the Northern Finland
Birth Cohort 1986 with 16 years age.
 Stress-related eating was common among girls (43%)
than boys (15%).
 Stress-driven eaters had a higher prevalence of
overweight, obesity and abdominal obesity.

15. Limitations
 The strength of this study was the large population-based
cohort, BMI and waist circumference measurements.
 The study didn’t cover wide age range to make its results
general to the human behaviors

18.  228 tract in Los Angeles County and in Southeastern
Louisiana aged between 18 to 98 years old.
 25% of the adults obese, while 35% were overweight
and 40% were of normal weight.
 They all drank in average 350 mill-liter can per day.
 For every 10% increase in food advertisements, the
odds of being obese increased by 5%
 In an area with 30% food ads, 38.0% would be
overweight and 25.2% would be obese

19. Limitations
 The study didn’t cover the diversity of the other communities
outside the United States to generalize its findings.
 The age range was very wide.

22. 16
3

25. ONLY 82
36 women, 46 men with age range: 18–24 years

26. Procedure :

27. ≤2
≥7
3-6
None

29. First Stage
One week
One serving a day

30. Second Stage
≥7
3-6≤2
None
37 weeks

32. 11
7
41
23
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
None ≤2 3 to 6 ≥7
Numberofparticipants
Number of soda servings per week

33. Day None ≤ 2 3 to 6 ≥ 7
1 16.190 16.010 16.080 16.610
2 16.202 16.024 16.093 16.623
3 16.215 16.032 16.102 16.637
4 16.221 16.044 16.109 16.648
5 16.229 16.049 16.117 16.655
6 16.237 16.06 16.124 16.669
7 16.246 16.073 16.136 16.680
Standard Deviation= 0.100617
First Stage

34. 15.9
16
16.1
16.2
16.3
16.4
16.5
16.6
16.7
16.8
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
FatmassinKg
Day number
The increase in fat mass in the first week of stage one
None ≤ 2 3 to 6 ≥ 7
First Stage

35. Second Stage
Week No. None ≤ 2 3 to 6 ≥7 Week No. None ≤ 2 3 to 6 ≥7
2 16.5 16.25 16.31 16.9 20 16.53 17.76 18.98 22.27
3 16.48 16.33 16.38 17.76 21 16.52 17.83 19.07 22.42
4 16.53 16.38 16.4 18.21 22 16.57 17.96 19.2 22.56
5 16.58 16.31 16.62 18.57 23 16.63 18.08 19.34 22.71
6 16.58 16.4 16.67 18.72 24 16.58 18.21 19.44 22.88
7 16.61 16.53 16.73 18.9 25 16.61 18.39 19.52 22.96
8 16.63 16.62 16.9 19.07 26 16.64 18.43 19.58 23.2
9 16.64 16.65 17.23 19.34 27 16.6 18.49 19.64 23.37
10 16.64 16.67 17.5 19.52 28 16.57 18.57 19.79 23.45
11 16.62 16.66 17.76 19.64 29 16.6 18.51 19.93 23.59
12 16.64 16.73 17.96 19.93 30 16.6 18.56 20.2 23.72
13 16.59 16.76 18.21 20.38 31 16.59 18.64 20.38 23.87
14 16.61 16.9 18.43 20.68 32 16.64 18.72 20.53 23.96
15 16.65 17.09 18.57 20.96 33 16.67 18.79 20.68 24.13
16 16.55 17.23 18.56 21.34 34s 16.62 18.84 20.81 24.32
17 16.52 17.38 18.72 21.68 35 16.66 18.87 20.96 24.47
18 16.49 17.5 18.84 21.83 36 16.68 18.9 21.08 24.59
19 16.5 17.64 18.9 22.05 37 16.63 18.93 21.34 24.73

36. Second Stage
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37
FatmassinKg
Week number
The increase in fat mass in 37 weeks in stage two
None ≤ 2 3 to 6 ≥7
Slope=.08842
Slope=.209
Slope=.14051
Slope=.000399

38. ≥7

40. (Ludwig DS, 2002)

41. Schulze et al in 2004

46. References
1. Block G. Foods contributing to energy intake in the US: data from NHANES III and
NHANES 1999-2000. J Food Composite Anal. 2004; 17:439-447.
2. Bray GA, Nielson SJ, Popkin BM. Consumption of high-fructose corn syrup in
beverages may play a role in the epidemic of obesity. Am J Clin Nutr. 2004; 79: 537-
543.
3. A.Cohen, Sturm, Scott, A. Farley and Bluthenthal (2010) Not Enough Fruit and
Vegetables or Too Many Cookies, Candies, Salty Snacks, and Soft Drinks?
4. Jääskeläinen, Nevanperä, Remes, Rahkonen, Järvelin and Laitinen (2014) Stress-
related eating, obesity and associated behavioral traits in adolescents: a prospective
population-based cohort study.
5. Lenard I Lesser, Frederick J Zimmerman and Deborah A Cohen (2013) Outdoor
advertising, obesity, and soda consumption: a cross-sectional study.
6. Ludwig DS. The glycemic index: physiological mechanisms relating to obesity,
diabetes, and cardiovascular disease. JAMA. 2002; 287:2414–2423.
7. Schulze MB, Manson JE, Ludwig DS, et al. Sugar-sweetened beverages, weight gain,
and incidence of type 2 diabetes in young and middle-aged women. JAMA.