microbiology exam

1. BIOL 2250 – Microbiology for Health Sciences Spring 2010
Instructor: Renee McFarlane Exam 3
NAME _________________________________________
Mark your answers on BOTH the scantron sheet and on the test.
The test is worth 100 points. The multiple-choice will be worth 80 points and the true/false questions are worth
a total of 20 points.
Please report any typos or numbering errors.
Finally, if a question is not clear, ASK for clarification. If you are confused about how to mark the
answers on your scantron sheet ASK! Credit will not be given for unasked questions.
1. Which of the following results in long-term 4. Compared with nonspecific defenses, specific
immunity? defenses
a. the passage of maternal antibodies to a. do not distinguish between one threat
her developing fetus and another
b. the inflammatory response to a splinter b. are always present at birth
c. the administration of serum obtained c. protect against threats on an
from people immune to rabies individual basis
d. the administration of the chicken pox d. deny entrance of pathogens to the body
vaccine
e. the passage of maternal antibodies to 5. Which of the following is not part of the body’s
her nursing infant nonspecific defense system?
a. inflammation
2. Which of the following best describes the b. phagocytosis by neutrophils
difference in the way B cells and cytotoxic T c. phagocytosis by macrophages
cells respond to invaders? d. antibodies
a. B cells kills viruses directly; cytotoxic
T cells kills virus-infected cells.
b. B cells secrete antibodies against a
virus; cytotoxic T cells kill virus-
infected cells.
c. B cells accomplish cell-mediated
immunity; cytotoxic T cells accomplish
humoral immunity. 6. The process by which neutrophils squeeze
d. B cells respond the first time the through capillary walls in response to
invader is present; cytotoxic T cells inflammatory signals is called
respond subsequent times. a. emigration
b. chemotaxis
c. margination
d. opsonization
3. Inflammation
a. aids in temporary repair at an injury site 7. Which antibody class can fix complement?
b. slows the spread of pathogens a. IgA
c. facilitates permanent repair b. IgD
d. All of the above c. IgE
e. None of the above d. IgF
e. IgM
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2. BIOL 2250 – Microbiology for Health Sciences Spring 2010
Instructor: Renee McFarlane Exam 3
14. Contains histamines that trigger allergy
8. Which antibody class is abundant in body symptoms C
secretions?
a. IgA 15. A phagocytic white blood cell A
b. IgD
c. IgE 16. Cytopathic effects are changes in the host cells
d. IgG due to
e. IgM a. viral infections.
b. protozoan and helminthic infections.
9. Septic shock due to gram-positive bacteria is c. fungal infections.
caused by d. bacterial infections.
a. A-B toxins. e. All of the above.
b. Lipid A.
c. membrane-disrupting toxins. 17. A needlestick is an example of which portal of
d. superantigens. entry?
a. Skin
10. Injectable drugs are tested for endotoxins by: b. Parenteral route
a. The Limulus amoebocyte lysate test. c. Mucous membranes
b. counting the viable bacteria. d. Gastrointestinal
c. filtering out the cells.
d. looking for turbidity. 18. The mechanism by which gram-negative
e. None of the above. bacteria can cross the blood-brain barrier.
a. Producing fimbriae
11. Which of the following choices show the order b. Inducing endocytosis
in which white blood cells migrate to infected c. Producing toxins
tissues? d. Inducing TNF
a. Macrophages - monocytes e. All of the above
b. Lymphocytes - macrophages
c. Neutrophils - macrophages 19. Which of the following does not cause
d. Neutrophils - monocytes vasodilation?
e. Macrophages - neutrophils a. Kinins
b. Prostaglandins
c. Lysozymes
d. Histamine
For questions 12-15, match the letters to the appropriate
description. 20. Which of the following is involved in resistance
to parasitic helminths?
A. Neutrophil a. Basophil
B. B cell b. Eosinophil
C. Mast cell c. Lymphocyte
D. Helper T cell d. Monocyte
E. Memory B cell e. Neutrophil
12. Carries out humoral immunity B 21. Type of immunity resulting from the transfer of
antibodies from one individual to a susceptible
individual by means of injection.
13. Cell most commonly infected by HIV D
a. Innate immunity
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3. BIOL 2250 – Microbiology for Health Sciences Spring 2010
Instructor: Renee McFarlane Exam 3
b. Naturally acquired active immunity d. the variable regions of the heavy and
c. Naturally acquired passive immunity light chains
d. Artificially acquired active immunity e. All of the above
e. Artificially acquired passive
immunity
22. The best definition of an antibody is
a. a serum protein.
b. a protein that inactivates or kills an
antigen.
c. a protein made in response to an
antigen that can combine with that
antigen.
d. an enzyme.
e. None of the above
23. Which of the following causes pores in target
cells?
a. Antigen 28. In the figure, the arrow at time d indicates
b. Hapten a. the time of exposure to the same antigen
c. IL-1 at time a.
d. IL-2 b. the secondary response.
e. Perforin c. the primary response.
d. exposure to a new antigen.
24. Cell death caused by perforin is caused by
a. CD8 cells 29. IL-2, produced by TH cells,
b. TH cells a. activate macrophages.
c. B cells b. stimulates TH cell maturation.
d. TC cells c. causes phagocytosis.
d. activates antigen-presenting cells.
25. Which subunit of the exotoxin is the binding
portion of the molecule?
a. A
b. B
c. C
d. D
e. E
26. Type of immunity resulting from vaccination.
a. Innate immunity 30. Most Gram-negative bacteria have a
b. Naturally acquired active immunity lipopolysaccharide (LPS) which is found in the
c. Naturally acquired passive immunity a. plasma membrane.
d. Artificially acquired active immunity b. cell wall.
e. Artificially acquired passive immunity c. inner membrane.
d. outer membrane.
27. The specificity of an antibody is due to e. periplasmic space.
a. the heavy chains
b. the light chains 31. The definition of lysogeny is
c. the constant regions of the heavy and a. phage DNA is incorporated into the
light chains host cell DNA.
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4. BIOL 2250 – Microbiology for Health Sciences Spring 2010
Instructor: Renee McFarlane Exam 3
b. lysis of the host cell due to a phage. c. enterotoxins.
c. the period during replication when d. neurotoxins.
virions are not present. e. nephrotoxins.
d. when the burst time takes an unusually
long time. 36. The best definition of cell mediated immunity
is:
32. Which of the following is not a membrane- a. immunity involving macrophages.
disrupting toxin? b. immunity involving stem cells.
a. A-B toxin c. immunity involving the lymphatic
b. Hemolysin system.
c. Leukocidins d. immunity involving T cells.
d. Streptolysin O e. immunity involving platelets.
e. Streptolysin S
37. The process by which microorganisms attach
Use this figure to answer questions 33-34. themselves to cells is
a. infection.
b. contamination.
c. disease.
d. adhesion.
38. The nature of bacterial capsules
a. causes widespread blood clotting.
b. allows phagocytes to readily engulf
these bacteria.
c. affects the virulence of these bacteria.
d. has no effect on the virulence of
bacteria.
e. All of the above
33. Which areas are different for all IgM antibodies? 39. Which of the following is not an effect of
a. a and b complement activation?
b. a and c a. Interference with viral replication
c. b and c b. Bacterial cell lysis
d. c and d c. Opsonization
e. a and d d. Increased phagocytic activity
e. Increased blood vessel permeability
34. What can attach to a host cell? 40. Several inherited deficiencies in the complement
a. a and c system occurs in humans. Which of the
b. b and c following would be the most severe?
c. b a. Deficiency of C3
d. d b. Deficiency of C5
e. e c. Deficiency of C6
d. Deficiency of C7
35. Cytotoxins having a specific toxic action upon e. Deficiency of C8
cells/tissues of the liver are
a. hepatotoxins.
b. cardiotoxins.
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5. BIOL 2250 – Microbiology for Health Sciences Spring 2010
Instructor: Renee McFarlane Exam 3
TRUE OR FALSE - The following questions can be answered either true or false. Write your answer on the
scantron as follows: TRUE = A FALSE = B
41. Wandering macrophages experience margination. A
42. Lymphocytes are large agranulocytes. B
43. The hypothalamus of the brain controls body temperature. A
44. Apoptosis is the term used to describe cellular suicide. A
45. Interferon is produced by viruses. B
46. Exotoxins are composed of proteins. A
47. Histamine increases permeability of capillaries so that leukocytes can more readily reach the infection
site. A
48. C3a causes opsonization. B
49. Like B cells, T cells originate from stem cells in bone marrow. A
50. In a process called clonal deletion, lymphocytes that destroy host tissues are destroyed. A
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