1. The SEPTUAGINT (LXX) – Circa 250 BC
The Bible of the early Greek-speaking church. Translated
in Greek by Jewish scholars in Alexandria, Egypt.

2. “In the past God spoke to our
ancestors many times and in
many ways through the prophets,
but in these last days he has
spoken to us through his Son. He
is the one through whom God
created the universe, the one
whom God has chosen to
possess all things at the end.
He reflects the brightness of
God's glory and is the exact
likeness of God's own being,
sustaining the universe with his
powerful word. After achieving
forgiveness for the sins of all
human beings, he sat down in
heaven at the right side of God,
the Supreme Power.”
Hebrews 1:1,2,3 Good News Bible

3. THE
BIBLE…
IS
IT
REALLY GOD’S
WORD?
(IN DEFENSE OF
SOLA SCRIPTURA)
By Ptr. BRIAN TRACY L. DOMINGUEZ, Elder
Youth Pastor – HOPE IN THE WORD CHRISTIAN
MINISTRIES

4. SOLA SCRIPTURA…






La tin, circa 1517, Scripture Alone; Scripture Only
The first of the 5 solas of the Protestant
Reformation by Martin Luther (founder of the
Protestantism)
October 31, 1517, Wittenberg, Germany
States that the Bible, in its entirety (plenary
inspiration), is indeed the Word of God – God’s
divine revelation to mankind and God’s way of
directly communicating to his people.
The m
agna carta of faith and conduct of all
Christian believers.
The center-piece of all Christian gatherings and
basis for all Christian practice, arts, expressions,
literature, and culture.

5. The Holy Bible
The Bible is God’s Word to us.
It is the traveler’s map,
The pilgrim’s staff,
The pilot’s compass,
The soldier’s sword
And the Christian’s charter.
It should fill the memory, rule the heart and guide the feet.
It should be read slowly, frequently and prayerfully.
- Source Unknown

6. THE PROTESTANTS…
(a.k.a.) Bible-Based Christians

7. The HOLY BIBLE




The Holy Bible is the central sacred religious text of Judaism and
Christianity.[1]
Modern Judaism generally recognizes a single set of
canonical books known as the Ta na kh, or Hebrew or Jewish Bible.[2]
It comprises three parts: the Torah ("Teaching", also known as the
Pentateuch or "Five Books of Moses"), the Prophets, and the
Writings. It was primarily written in Hebrew with some small portions
in Aramaic.[citatio n ne e de d]
In Protestant / Evangelical Christianity, the Tanakh is known as the
Old Testament (39 books). The Christian Bible includes both the
Old Testament and a collection of newer canonical books known as
the New Testament (27 books).

8. THE BIBLE &
FUNDAMENTALISM


In reaction to libe ra l (o ne who is
o p e n-m ind e d o r no t s tric t in the
o bs e rva nc e o f e s ta blis he d fo rm s
o r wa y s ) Bible be lie ve rs ...
Christian Fundamentalism Fundamentalism placed primary
emphasis on the authority and
sufficiency of the Bible, and
typically advised s e p a ra tio n fro m
e rro r a nd c ultura l c o ns e rva tis m
as an important aspect of the
Christian life.
An American family Bible
dating to 1859 A.D.

9. τὰ βιβλία τὰ ἅγια
(ta biblia ta ha g ia )


This stemmed from the Greek
term
τὰ βιβλία τὰ ἅγια (ta biblia ta
ha g ia ), "the holy books", which
derived from βιβλίον (biblio n),[5]
"paper" or "scroll," the ordinary
word for "book", which was
originally a diminutive of βύβλος
(by blo s , "Egyptian papyrus"),
possibly so called from the name
of the Phoenician port Byblos

10. 


τὰ βιβλία
(The Bo o ks )
Biblical scholar Mark Hamilton
states that the Greek phrase Ta
biblia ("the books") was "an
expression Hellenistic (GreekCultured) Jews used to describe
their sacred books several
centuries before the time of Jesus
,"[6] and would have referred to the
Septuagint.[7]
The Online Etymology Dictionary
states,
"The Christian scripture was
referred to in Greek as Ta Biblia as
early as

11. Canonization of the
Old Testament (circa 90 – 100
AD) OLD TESTAMENT canon – the
The final
books that were accepted by the rabbis as
sacred or inspired – is thought to have been
agreed upon and closed by a Council of
Elders (Rabbinical Scholars) at Jamnia
(west of Judah).

12. ‫( תנ"ך‬TANAKH)
39 BOOKS OF THE HEBREW OLD
TESTAMENT (OT)

13. ‫( תנ"ך‬TANAKH)




The Tanakh (Hebrew) consists of 24 books.
Tanakh is an acronym for the three parts of
the Hebrew Bible:
Torah ("Teaching/Law" also known as the
Pentateuch)
Nevi'im ("Prophets")
Ketuvim ("Writings," or Hagiographa)

14. ‫( תנ"ך‬TANAKH)




The Old Testament is the collection of books written
prior to the life of Jesus but accepted by Christians as
scripture.
Several Christian denominations also incorporate
additional books (Apocryphal or deuterocanonical
books) into their canons of the Old Testament.
A few groups consider particular translations to be
divinely inspired. Notably the Greek Septuagint, the
Aramaic Peshitta, and the English
King James Version.
For further verification, scholars refer to the Dead Sea
Scrolls for variants and extant scriptural renditions.

15. 1. The TORAH (400 BC)

The Torah (Hebrew), or "Instruction," is
also known as the "Five Books" of Moses,
and Pentateuch from LXX, meaning "five
scroll-cases."
The Torah comprises the following
five books:
1. Genesis, Ge—Bereshit (‫)בראשית‬
2. Exodus, Ex—Shemot (‫)שמות‬
3. Leviticus, Le—Vayikra (‫)ויקרא‬
4. Numbers, Nu—Bamidbar (‫)במדבר‬
5. Deuteronomy, Dt—Devarim

16. Foundation Books:


The PENTATEUCH or TORAH:
Genesis, Exodus, Leviticus,
Numbers and Deuteronomy.
General Context: God calls and
chose Israel to be his people,
frees Israel from its bondage in
Egypt, and enters into a covenant
with Israel at Mt. Sinai.

17. 2. The Nevi’im (200 BC)

The Nevi'im, or "Prophets," tell the story of the
rise of the Hebrew monarchy, its division into
two kingdoms, and the prophets who, in God's
name, warned the kings and the Children of
Israel about the punishment of God.

18. TETRAGRAMMATON OF
“YHWH”
The most widely accepted meaning of the name is “the one who is; that is,
the absolute and unchangeable one.”
This is the name the Lord revealed to Moses (Exodus 3:15; compare 3:1314; John 8:56-58).
According to the Ten Commandments, the Jews were not to take this name
in vain (Exodus 20:2, 7). The Jews, therefore, regarded the name as so holy
that they would not pronounce it; instead, they said Adonai, “Lord.”

19. “The one who is; that is, the absolute
and unchangeable one.”

20. The Nevi'im comprise the
following eight books:
6. Joshua, Js—Yehoshua (‫)יהושע‬
 7. Judges, Jg—Shoftim (‫)שופטים‬
 8. Samuel, includes First and Second,
1Sa–2Sa—Shemuel (‫)שמואל‬
 9. Kings, includes First and Second, 1Ki–
2Ki—Melakhim (‫)מלכים‬
 10. Isaiah, Is—Yeshayahu (‫)ישעיהו‬
 11. Jeremiah, Je—Yirmiyahu (‫)ירמיהו‬
 12. Ezekiel, Ez—Yekhezkel (‫)יחזקאל‬


21. Continuation of the Nevi’im

13. Twelve, includes all Minor Prophets—Tre Asar (‫ירתרי‬
‫)עשר‬
 a. Hosea, Ho—Hoshea (‫)הושע‬
 b. Joel, Jl—Yoel (‫)יואל‬
 c. Amos, Am—Amos (‫)עמוס‬
 d. Obadiah, Ob—Ovadyah (‫)עבדיה‬
 e. Jonah, Jh—Yonah (‫)יונה‬
 f. Micah, Mi—Mikhah (‫)מיכה‬
 g. Nahum, Na—Nahum (‫)נחום‬
 h. Habakkuk, Hb—Havakuk (‫)חבקוק‬
 i. Zephaniah, Zp—Tsefanya (‫)צפניה‬
 j. Haggai, Hg—Khagay (‫חגי‬

22. 3. The Ketuvim (100 BC)

The Ketuvim (“Writings”) contain lyrical poetry,
philosophical reflections on life, and the stories
of the prophets and other Jewish leaders
during the Babylonian exile. It ends with the
Persian decree allowing Jews to return to
Jerusalem to rebuild the Temple.

23. The Ketuvim comprise the following eleven
books:

14. Psalms, Ps—Tehillim (‫)ירתהלים‬

15. Proverbs, Pr—Mishlei (‫)משלי‬

16. Job, Jb—Iyyov (‫)איוב‬

17. Song of Songs, So—Shir ha-Shirim (‫)שיר השירים‬

18. Ruth, Ru—Rut (‫)רוירת‬

19. Lamentations, La—Eikhah (‫ ,)איכה‬also called Kinot (‫)קינוירת‬

20. Ecclesiastes, Ec—Kohelet (‫)קהלירת‬

21. Esther, Es—Ester (‫)אסירתר‬

22. Daniel, Dn—Daniel (‫)דניאל‬


23. Ezra, Ea, includes Nehemiah, Ne—Ezra (‫ ,)עזרא‬includes
Nehemiah (‫)נחמיה‬
24. Chronicles, includes First and Second, 1Ch–2Ch—Divrei haYamim (‫ ,)דברי הימים‬also called Divrei (‫)דברי‬

24. THE
APOCRYPHA
“QUESTIONABLE
AUTHENTICITY”

25. Protestant View
It is commonly agreed that some of the books of
the apocrypha contain material of literary merit
and historical value.
Their canonicity, however has been rejected,
and they have been gradually omitted from
most modern editions of Protestant Bibles for
the following reasons:

26. 1.
2.
3.
4.
They were never quoted by Jesus, and it is
doubtful if they were alluded by the apostles.
Most of the early Church Fathers regarded
them as unspired.
They did not appear in the ancient Hebrew
canon (OT Scrolls and Codices).
The inferior quality of most of the writings, as
compared with the canonical books, stamps
them as unworthy of a place in the Sacred
Scriptures.

27. Καινὴ
Διαθήκη
Ka in ē Dia thēkē (N w Te s ta m e nt)
e

28. Criteria for the
Canonization of the New
Testament
1.
The Authors had to have
2.
3.
apostolic credentials, or
had close association with
an apostle.
The writings has to be
standardized /
harmonized content.
The writings had to have

29. AD 367 – Canonization of the
NT

In his Easter (Christmas)
letter, BISHOP
ATHANASIUS of
Alexandria (Center of
Theological Learning of
the Roman Empire)
defines the 27 books of
the New Testament.

30. Καινὴ Διαθήκη






The Bible as used by the majority of Christians includes
the New Testament, which relates the life and teachings
of Jesus, the letters of the Apostle Paul and other
disciples to the early church and the Book of Revelation.
The New Testament is a collection of 27 books, of 4
different genres (types; groupings) of Christian literature:
1. GOSPELS (Synoptic Gospels & Gospel of St. John)
2. ACTS OF THE APOSTLES
3. EPISTLES (LETTERS TO THE CHURCHES)
4. REVELATION

31. It’s ALL ABOUT YOU, JESUS!
Jesus is its central
figure.
 The New Testament
was written primarily in
Koine Greek in the
early Christian period,
though a minority
argue for
Aramaic primacy.


32. HELLENISTIC LITERATURE’S
BEST-SELLER!



Copies of the books of the New Testament
produced by scribes, and copies of the Bible
made from these copies. Until the fifteenth
century, when Johannes Gutenberg
invented the printing press, books were
copied by hand, and the New Testament
books were no exception.
For many centuries, the New Testament
books were copied out one at a time by
single scribes; later the process was
speeded up by dictation, in which one reader
would read the text aloud to many scribes.
As far as we know, we have over 5,350
manuscript copies of the Greek New
Testament, in part or in whole. No other
book written in ancient Greek exists in so

33. Καινὴ Διαθήκη


1. The Gospels
Synoptic Gospels




Gospel According to Matthew
, Mt
Gospel According to Mark,
Mk
Gospel According to Luke,
Lk
Gospel According to John
, Jn

34. Καινὴ Διαθήκη
2. Acts of the Apostles,
(Acts) (continuation of
the Gospel of St. Luke)

35. 3.)Epistles (Letters to the
Churches)
1. Pauline Epistles









Epistle to the Romans, Ro
First Epistle to the Corinthians, 1Co
Second Epistle to the Corinthians, 2Co
Epistle to the Galatians, Ga
Epistle to the Ephesians, Ep
Epistle to the Philippians, Pp
Epistle to the Colossians, Cl
First Epistle to the Thessalonians, 1Th
Second Epistle to the Thessalonians, 2Th

36. Cont. EPISTLES
2. Pastoral Epistles





First Epistle to Timothy, 1Ti
Second Epistle to Timothy, 2Ti
Epistle to Titus, Tt
Epistle to Philemon, Pm
Epistle to the Hebrews, He

37. Cont. EPISTLES
3. General Epistles, also called Jewish Epistles
 Epistle of James, Jm
 First Epistle of Peter, 1Pe
 Second Epistle of Peter, 2Pe
 First Epistle of John, 1Jn
 Second Epistle of John, 2Jn
 Third Epistle of John, 3Jn
 Epistle of Jude, Jd

38. 3. Revelation or the Apocalypse
Revelation,
or the Apocalypse
(Rev.)
Parallels / Crossreferenced with:
Daniel – of the OT


39. Κοινε



The books of the New Testament were written in
Koine Greek, the language of the earliest extant
manuscripts, even though some authors often
included translations from Hebrew and Aramaic
texts.
Certainly the Pauline Epistles were written in
Greek for Greek-speaking audiences.
Some scholars believe that some books of the
Greek New Testament (in particular, the Gospel
of Matthew) are actually translations of a

40. Καινὴ Διαθήκη
Best-attested Literature
of the Ancient World
According to the British
scholar John A.T. Robinson,
“The wealth of manuscripts,
and above all the narrow
interval of time between the
writing and the earliest extant
(existing) copies, make [the
New Testament] by far the
best-attested text of any

41. 3 PROOFS OF THE
BIBLE’S RELIABILITY AND
INFALLIBILITY

42. 1.
ARCHAEOLOGY
... is a science that recovers and studies what humans
leave behind. What others may consider worthless junk,
biblical archaeologists consider priceless clues to biblical
history.

43. ARCHAEOLOGY

The Bible is filled with historical
materials: dates, names, rulers,
and events that can be confirmed
by historians. It is reasonable to
assume that if archaeology can
document some of the historical
details of the Bible, we can then
have increased confidence that the
Bible is reliable at other points as
well.

44. Historical King David…


1993, A team of archaeologists
was excavating the ruins of the
ancient city of Dan in upper
Galilee. Led by Avraham Biran of
Hebrew Union College in
Jerusalem, the archaeologists
discovered an inscription bearing
David’s name.
The inscription was quickly
identified as part of a shattered
monument from the ninth century
B.C., “apparently commemorating
a military victory of the king of
Damascus over two ancient
enemies: the king of Israel and
the house of David.”

45. Historical St. Luke…

Interestingly, archaeologists
working in the ruins of
ancient Damascus
discovered an inscription
referring to a government
official named Lysanias. The
inscription was dated
somewhere between A.D.
14 and A.D. 29, exactly the
time period Luke is referring
to in his Gospel. If Luke took
such care with a seemingly
trivial detail, it is reasonable
to think that he took the
same rigorous approach to
accuracy in the rest of his
book.

46. A Scientist’s comment
on CREATION…

Gerald Schroeder, an applied physicist trained at
Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT),
writes, “During my three decades as a scientist
active in applied physics and oceanography, and a
25-year immersion in the study of biblical
tradition . . . the most exciting discovery . . . is
that the duration and events of the billions of
years that, according to cosmologists, have
followed the Big Bang and those events of the
first six days of creation are in fact one and the
same. They are identical realities that have been
described in very different terms.”

47. 2. FULFILLED
PROPHECIES
What they said ACCURATELY HAPPENED!

48. FULFILLED PROPHECIES


On biblical prophecy, one scholar counted 109
prophecies that were fulfilled in the birth, life, death,
and resurrection of Jesus Christ.
The fulfilment of biblical prophecies alone ought to be
enough to convince a person who is intellectually
honest of the reliability and authority of the Bible.

49. JESUS fulfilled Biblical
Prophecies…



700 years before the birth of Christ the prophet
Micah predicted that a great king of Israel would
be born in the lowly town of Bethlehem:
“You, O Bethlehem Ephrathah, are only a small
village in Judah. Yet a ruler of Israel will come
from you, one whose origins are from the distant
past. The people of Israel will be abandoned to
their enemies until the time when the woman in
labor gives birth to her son” (Micah 5:2-3).
This prophecy was fulfilled when Jesus was born
in the town of Bethlehem (Matthew 2:1).

50. Prophet Isaiah’s prophecy, 700
BC



About the same time, roughly 700 B.C., the
prophet Isaiah predicted that a virgin would
miraculously give birth to a child:
“Look! The virgin will conceive a child! She will
give birth to a son and will call him Immanuel
—‘God is with us’ ” (Isaiah 7:14).
This prophecy was fulfilled when Mary—while
still a virgin—was found to be pregnant by the
Holy Spirit and gave birth to a son named
Jesus (Matthew 1:18-25; Luke 1:26-38).

51. Prophet Zechariah’s prophecy, 500
BC



Prophet Zechariah predicted that a great king
would ride into Jerusalem on the back of a
donkey:
“Rejoice greatly, O people of Zion! Shout in
triumph, O people of Jerusalem! Look, your king
is coming to you. He is righteous and victorious,
yet he is humble, riding on a donkey—even on a
donkey’s colt” (Zechariah 9:9).
This prophecy was fulfilled in what is traditionally
called the Triumphal Entry (now celebrated by
Christians as Palm Sunday), when Jesus rode
into Jerusalem on a donkey less than a week
before he was crucified (Matthew 21:1-11; Luke

52. 3. EXPERIENTIAL
FACTORS RATIONAL person,
One HONEST and
beyond reasonable doubt, will believe that
the
HOLY SCRIPTURES speak of
UNDENIABLE TRUTHS that have LIFECHANGING EFFECTS.

53. MILESTONES IN THE
HISTORY OF
THE HOLY BIBLE

54. Bible History Milestones:





400 BC – 95 AD – Written on scrolls, papyrus,
parchments, paper, mosaics, art works, oral
traditions.
200 AD – Written on codices (books with
pages that could be turned)
476 AD – Middle Ages, monks secretly &
elaborately made copies of the Holy Scriptures
in Scriptoriums.
900 AD – Written with upper and lower cases
1100 AD – Written with upper and lower cases
and with spacing

55. Bible History Milestones:


1226 AD – Divided
into CHAPTERS by
Archbishop Stephen
Langton (Anglican) of
Canterbury, England
At last after 1,626 the
Bible was read with
Chapters!

56. Bible History Milestones:


1456 AD – Johann Gutenburg of Mainz,
Germany, invented the printing press, and
printed the LATIN VULGATE (Latin Bible),
a.k.a. Gutenberg Bible.
The production of Bibles moved from
handwriting to movable (printed) type.

57. Bible History Milestones:


1551 AD – Divided
into VERSES by
Robert Estienne, a
French printer in
Geneva. (325
years after the
Cha p te rs were
invented)
1560 AD –
Geneva Bible was
the first Bible in
which the text was
divided into

58. 1382 AD, Wycliffe Bible
The first translation of the Bible into English
by John Wycliffe, who translated the Latin
Vulgate into English in 1382.

59. 1526 AD, Tyndale NT Bible
The first English Bible to be printed was an
NT translation by William Tyndale, the
“Father of the English Bible,” who translated
the Bible into English from the original
languages / manuscripts.
The was strangled and burned at stake by
the RC, in 1536 before completing his OT
translation.

60. 1534, Anglican Schism (s p lit)
England finally separated from
Vatican in 1534, forming its
own church – The Church of
England (Anglican Church;
Episcopalian Church).
This was the year many
English translations of the
Bible began to dominate
Christendom.

61. 1611 – King James Version
King James I of England
commissioned a group of 54
scholars and churchmen to produce
an “authorized” version, known
today as the King James Version
(KJV) of 1611.
-The KJV became the Bible of the
Protestant, English-speaking world
until other versions appeared in the
Evangelical world up to the 19th
-

62. FUNDAMENTAL
DOCTRINE ON THE
HOLY BIBLE

63. We believe that the Bible is…
1.
2.
3.
4.
Inspired (Verbum Dei)
Inerrant (Without Error)
Infallible (Trustworthy)
Institutus (Latin for Institution, i.e.,
Authoritative)

64. 1. Inspired (Verbum Dei)
The Bible is the vehicle or medium through
which God’s “word” comes to us.
-The Bible is p le na ry inspired.
-The divine selection of the authors, and the
guidance to assure the trustworthiness of
their testimony, is called ins p ira tio n.
-

65. 2. Inerrant (Without Error)
We believe that the Bible is without error in all
regards, even as to such matters as history,
science, and geography.
-Those holding this position believe that admitting
to the possibility of errors in the Bible is the first
step down the slippery slope of disbelief.
-Rationally, the Bible is without error in all that it
te a c he s (with regard to God’s will), but not
everything in the Bible is meant to be understood
as “doctrine.”
-

66. 3. Infallible (Trustworthy)
The Bible is completely trustworthy,
especially as to the self-revelation of God in
Jesus Christ.
-The Bible is the sufficient source in
knowing and understanding God and His
divine will.
-

67. 4. Institutus (Authoritative)
Because the Bible is the inspired witness to
God’s special revelations, it is authoritative
in matters of Christian Beliefs (Orthodoxy),
and also Christian Practice and Actions
(Orthopraxis).
-

68. SEVEN
EDITIONS
OF THE
LIVING
WORD

69. 1. WRITTEN ON NATURE.
Psalm 19:1
2. WRITTEN ON
CONSCIENCE. Romans
2:15

70. 3. WRITTEN ON TABLETS OF
STONE.
Exodus 24:12
4. JESUS CHRIST THE LIVING
WORD.
John 1:14

71. 5. THE ENTIRE
SCRIPTURES. (OT / NT)
Romans 15:4
6. WRITTEN ON THE
HEART. Hebrews 8:10

72. 7. CHRISTIANS AS
LIVING EPISTLES
2 Corinthians 3:2,3

73. 30. Jesus’ disciples saw
him do many other
miraculous signs besides
the ones recorded in this
book.
31. But these are written
so that you may believe*
that Jesus is the
Messiah, the Son of God,
and that by believing in
him you will have life.
JOHN 20: 30,31

74. IN THIS WORLD…
Our HOPE is
in the WORD!