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welcome to
HOW TO MAKE A BEAUTIFUL THESIS




  “Impressive Meyers, but let’s stick to your quantitative projections”
Hmy name O
 ELL is
             I AM A
	   gestalt
	   information design principals
	   some typographic principals
	   information design is the study and practice
     of bringing clarity and comprehensibility to
     visual materials that are meant to direct,
     teach, explain, or otherwise inform.
	    Ronnie Lipton
(NOT JUST A DESIGNER THING)
CAN BE QUITE IMPORTANT ACTUALLY
WHAT’S WRONG WITH THIS INFOGRAPHIC?

          Scale           2003   2004   2005   2006   2007   2008   2009

   Skill Development      86%    77%    90%    96%    92%    89%    92%
 Goals and Expectations   75%    80%    83%    88%    92%    87%    88%
      Examination         74%    62%    72%    77%    79%    80%    78%
      Supervision         64%    65%    70%    80%    74%    72%    75%
     Infrastructure       52%    44%    60%    68%    67%    65%    74%
   Intellectual Climate   45%    34%    49%    54%    56%    55%    59%
  Overall Satisfaction    68%    69%    73%    87%    85%    78%    75%
ANY BETTER?




              	
  
WE LOOK FOR PATTERNS
WE WANT PATTERNS TO MEAN SOMETHING
WE WANT CHANGE TO MEAN SOMETHING
GESTALT LAWS OF PERCEPTION
       (not a nasty infection)
SIMILARITY   PROXIMITY   FIGURE/GROUND
SIMILARITY




	 more important should be visually ‘louder’
PROXIMITY




                                              A label gets lost here




A label goes nicely here



	 put stuff next to the thing it refers to
PROXIMITY




	 always align stuff
FIGURE/GROUND


    Inctium sinctat voluptatur?       Inctium sinctat voluptatur?
    Arumquam ellaut aruptam sum       Arumquam ellaut aruptam sum
    is alit dolores dolore aut es     is alit dolores dolore aut es
    diaspic aturepe porro comnis-     diaspic aturepe porro comnis-
    tio conseni musam, sunt officie   tio conseni musam, sunt officie
    ndicid                            ndicid

    LOW CONTRAST                      HIGH CONTRAST




	 make the content stand out from the background
	serif    OR   sans serif / we read best what we read most

	   Typefaces communicate
	   contrast between thick and thin strokes is hard to read

	   minimal contrast and is easier to read
SIGNAL TO NOISE RATIO




	 information = signal
	 everything else = noise
SIGNAL TO NOISE RATIO




	 minimize pattern and line thickness
	 remember figure/ground
LETS SEE WHAT THAT LOOKS LIKE
there are only five ways

TO ORGANIZE INFORMATION




L ATCH
LOCATION
ALPHABETICAL
T IME
CATEGORY
HIERARCHY
ALPHABETICAL




	 arrange by sequence
	 for non linear information

	 or no other way to organize it
TIME




	 arrange by chronological sequence
	 timelines, step by step instructions, calendars time tables
LOCATION




	 arrange by geographical or spatial reference
	 for data flow about distance / geography
CATEGORY




	 arrange by similarity or relatedness
	 users looking for information in this form
	 library catalog, periodic table
HIERARCHY




	 compared sequentially by common measures
	 highest to lowest, best to worst
LET’S TRY IT OUT
make a graphic of “I will survive” using the LATCH method


First I was afraid                      Go on now go walk out the door             It took all the strength I had
I was petrified                         just turn around now                       not to fall apart
Kept thinking I could never live        ‘cause you’re not welcome anymore          kept trying hard to mend
without you by my side                  weren’t you the one who tried to hurt me   the pieces of my broken heart
But I spent so many nights              with goodbye                               and I spent oh so many nights
thinking how you did me wrong           you think I’d crumble                      just feeling sorry for myself
I grew strong                           you think I’d lay down and die             I used to cry
I learned how to carry on               Oh no, not I                               Now I hold my head up high
and so you’re back                      I will survive                             and you see me
from outer space                        as long as I know how to love              somebody new
I just walked in to find you here       I know I will stay alive                   I’m not that chained up little person
with that sad look upon your face       I’ve got all my life to live               still in love with you
I should have changed my stupid lock    I’ve got all my love to give               and so you felt like dropping in
I should have made you leave your key   and I’ll survive                           and just expect me to be free
If I had known for just one second      I will survive                             now I’m saving all my loving
you’d be back to bother me                                                         for someone who’s loving me
SURVIVED!




            LEARNED TO CARRY ON
            GREW STRONG
            NIGHTS SPENT FEELING SORRY FOR MYSELF
            CRYING & MENDING HEART
            AFRAID/PETRIFIED
WHAT INFOGRAPHIC SHOULD I USE?


	   bivariate (one thing is compared to another)
     use a table

	   multivariate (more than two variables are
     compared) choose a chart

	   Quantitative or Qualitative
QUANTITATIVE




	   show measurements and quantities
QUALITATIVE




	   show processes and connectedness
WHICH CHART SHOULD I USE?
      and how can I make it look good?
BAR CHARTS


                                        APRIL

                                        MAY
SALES $US




                                        JULY




            TROLLS	 GNOMES	BILLYGOATS




	 good for comparing numeric quantities

	 compares like to like most easily
LINE GRAPH
SALES $US




                               TROLLS

                               GNOMES

                               BILLY GOATS




            APRIL	MAY	 JULY




	 show development / relative position over time

	 emphasize the yearly trend instead of comparison
PIE CHART




    example by Seth Godin




	 bar chart implies importance

	 pie chart shows extent of the troll problem in proportion
DESIGNING TABLES


	 one dataset per table!

	 notice information, NOT the table structure

	 decrease the noise

	 make the background behave
DESIGNING TABLES


	 use dashes or ellipses for missing data

	 tints help the eye read across or down

	 	 se fonts with open counters / no serifs
   u

	 never horizontally scale type
DESIGNING BAR CHARTS




	 don’t always need a frame or increment marks

	 differences of height should be discernible

	 type should be in proportion to the data
PIE CHARTS




	 don’t use an ellipse—it distorts the data

	 don’t use busy patterns or 3D effect

	 make sure colors are tonally contrasting
LINE GRAPHS




	 background and labels should not overwhelm the lines

	 the scale should allow us to see variation
   without exaggerating the data
CAN WE MAKE THIS BETTER NOW?




                               	
  
100
                                                                SKILL DEVELOPMENT
 95
                                                                GOALS AND EXPECTATIONS
 90

 85
                                                                EXAMINATION

 80

 75                                                             SUPERVISION
                                                                INFRASTRUCTURE

 70

 65

 60                                                             INTELLECTUAL CLIMATE



 55

 50

 45

 40
                                         OVERALL SATISFACTION
 35

 30

 %
      2003




             2004




                    2005




                           2006




                                  2007




                                            2008




                                                           2009

    Questions?
B            YE
GOOD
                      e]
          our name her
[insert y
This presentation was created for non-profit educational purposes. These image credits are best guess based on
where they were sourced, some have been passed around the internet a lot and the original is hard to identify. If any
of the copyright holders wish me to remove images please contact me directly on: anitra@anitraland.com

Image Credits:
Page 1: New Yorker Cartoon, by Paul Noth
Page 6: Apple Inc
Page 7: AP
Page 8: AP
Page 11: USGS
Page 12: Yuism.org
Page 13: Education Database Online
Page 14: Wikipedia (Photographer Unknown)
Page 15 L-R: Shutterstock / learning solutions magazine / designer unknown
Page 16: Julian Weidenthaler
Page 17: mrkism.com
Page 18: Megadesign
Page 23: Screen Grab from TV screen, Author Unknown
Page 24: via Presentation Zen, photographer unknown
Page 25: Seth Godin
Page 28: Apple Inc
Page 29: Wikipedia Commons
Page 30: Good Magazine
Page 31: Squidspot.com
Page 32: Designer Unknown
Page 36: Seth Godin
Page 37: GoBeyondweb.com
Page 41: Idea and image by Seth Godin
Page 44: Pew Internet / Designer unknown
Page 45: Bons Design Helsinki
Page 46: Huffpost Politics
Page 47: Seth Godin / Author Unknown
Page 48: AP

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Information Design

  • 1. welcome to HOW TO MAKE A BEAUTIFUL THESIS “Impressive Meyers, but let’s stick to your quantitative projections”
  • 2. Hmy name O ELL is I AM A
  • 3.
  • 4. gestalt  information design principals  some typographic principals
  • 5. information design is the study and practice of bringing clarity and comprehensibility to visual materials that are meant to direct, teach, explain, or otherwise inform. Ronnie Lipton
  • 6. (NOT JUST A DESIGNER THING)
  • 7. CAN BE QUITE IMPORTANT ACTUALLY
  • 8.
  • 9. WHAT’S WRONG WITH THIS INFOGRAPHIC? Scale 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 Skill Development 86% 77% 90% 96% 92% 89% 92% Goals and Expectations 75% 80% 83% 88% 92% 87% 88% Examination 74% 62% 72% 77% 79% 80% 78% Supervision 64% 65% 70% 80% 74% 72% 75% Infrastructure 52% 44% 60% 68% 67% 65% 74% Intellectual Climate 45% 34% 49% 54% 56% 55% 59% Overall Satisfaction 68% 69% 73% 87% 85% 78% 75%
  • 11. WE LOOK FOR PATTERNS
  • 12. WE WANT PATTERNS TO MEAN SOMETHING
  • 13. WE WANT CHANGE TO MEAN SOMETHING
  • 14. GESTALT LAWS OF PERCEPTION (not a nasty infection)
  • 15. SIMILARITY PROXIMITY FIGURE/GROUND
  • 16. SIMILARITY  more important should be visually ‘louder’
  • 17. PROXIMITY A label gets lost here A label goes nicely here  put stuff next to the thing it refers to
  • 19. FIGURE/GROUND Inctium sinctat voluptatur? Inctium sinctat voluptatur? Arumquam ellaut aruptam sum Arumquam ellaut aruptam sum is alit dolores dolore aut es is alit dolores dolore aut es diaspic aturepe porro comnis- diaspic aturepe porro comnis- tio conseni musam, sunt officie tio conseni musam, sunt officie ndicid ndicid LOW CONTRAST HIGH CONTRAST  make the content stand out from the background
  • 20.  serif OR sans serif / we read best what we read most  Typefaces communicate  contrast between thick and thin strokes is hard to read  minimal contrast and is easier to read
  • 21.
  • 22.
  • 23. SIGNAL TO NOISE RATIO  information = signal  everything else = noise
  • 24. SIGNAL TO NOISE RATIO  minimize pattern and line thickness  remember figure/ground
  • 25. LETS SEE WHAT THAT LOOKS LIKE
  • 26. there are only five ways TO ORGANIZE INFORMATION L ATCH
  • 28. ALPHABETICAL  arrange by sequence  for non linear information  or no other way to organize it
  • 29. TIME  arrange by chronological sequence  timelines, step by step instructions, calendars time tables
  • 30. LOCATION  arrange by geographical or spatial reference  for data flow about distance / geography
  • 31. CATEGORY  arrange by similarity or relatedness  users looking for information in this form  library catalog, periodic table
  • 32. HIERARCHY  compared sequentially by common measures  highest to lowest, best to worst
  • 33. LET’S TRY IT OUT make a graphic of “I will survive” using the LATCH method First I was afraid Go on now go walk out the door It took all the strength I had I was petrified just turn around now not to fall apart Kept thinking I could never live ‘cause you’re not welcome anymore kept trying hard to mend without you by my side weren’t you the one who tried to hurt me the pieces of my broken heart But I spent so many nights with goodbye and I spent oh so many nights thinking how you did me wrong you think I’d crumble just feeling sorry for myself I grew strong you think I’d lay down and die I used to cry I learned how to carry on Oh no, not I Now I hold my head up high and so you’re back I will survive and you see me from outer space as long as I know how to love somebody new I just walked in to find you here I know I will stay alive I’m not that chained up little person with that sad look upon your face I’ve got all my life to live still in love with you I should have changed my stupid lock I’ve got all my love to give and so you felt like dropping in I should have made you leave your key and I’ll survive and just expect me to be free If I had known for just one second I will survive now I’m saving all my loving you’d be back to bother me for someone who’s loving me
  • 34. SURVIVED! LEARNED TO CARRY ON GREW STRONG NIGHTS SPENT FEELING SORRY FOR MYSELF CRYING & MENDING HEART AFRAID/PETRIFIED
  • 35. WHAT INFOGRAPHIC SHOULD I USE?  bivariate (one thing is compared to another) use a table  multivariate (more than two variables are compared) choose a chart  Quantitative or Qualitative
  • 36. QUANTITATIVE  show measurements and quantities
  • 37. QUALITATIVE  show processes and connectedness
  • 38. WHICH CHART SHOULD I USE? and how can I make it look good?
  • 39. BAR CHARTS APRIL MAY SALES $US JULY TROLLS GNOMES BILLYGOATS  good for comparing numeric quantities  compares like to like most easily
  • 40. LINE GRAPH SALES $US TROLLS GNOMES BILLY GOATS APRIL MAY JULY  show development / relative position over time  emphasize the yearly trend instead of comparison
  • 41. PIE CHART example by Seth Godin  bar chart implies importance  pie chart shows extent of the troll problem in proportion
  • 42. DESIGNING TABLES  one dataset per table!  notice information, NOT the table structure  decrease the noise  make the background behave
  • 43. DESIGNING TABLES  use dashes or ellipses for missing data  tints help the eye read across or down  se fonts with open counters / no serifs u  never horizontally scale type
  • 44.
  • 45. DESIGNING BAR CHARTS  don’t always need a frame or increment marks  differences of height should be discernible  type should be in proportion to the data
  • 46.
  • 47. PIE CHARTS  don’t use an ellipse—it distorts the data  don’t use busy patterns or 3D effect  make sure colors are tonally contrasting
  • 48. LINE GRAPHS  background and labels should not overwhelm the lines  the scale should allow us to see variation without exaggerating the data
  • 49. CAN WE MAKE THIS BETTER NOW?  
  • 50. 100 SKILL DEVELOPMENT 95 GOALS AND EXPECTATIONS 90 85 EXAMINATION 80 75 SUPERVISION INFRASTRUCTURE 70 65 60 INTELLECTUAL CLIMATE 55 50 45 40 OVERALL SATISFACTION 35 30 % 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009
  • 51. Questions?
  • 52. B YE GOOD e] our name her [insert y
  • 53. This presentation was created for non-profit educational purposes. These image credits are best guess based on where they were sourced, some have been passed around the internet a lot and the original is hard to identify. If any of the copyright holders wish me to remove images please contact me directly on: anitra@anitraland.com Image Credits: Page 1: New Yorker Cartoon, by Paul Noth Page 6: Apple Inc Page 7: AP Page 8: AP Page 11: USGS Page 12: Yuism.org Page 13: Education Database Online Page 14: Wikipedia (Photographer Unknown) Page 15 L-R: Shutterstock / learning solutions magazine / designer unknown Page 16: Julian Weidenthaler Page 17: mrkism.com Page 18: Megadesign Page 23: Screen Grab from TV screen, Author Unknown Page 24: via Presentation Zen, photographer unknown Page 25: Seth Godin Page 28: Apple Inc Page 29: Wikipedia Commons Page 30: Good Magazine Page 31: Squidspot.com Page 32: Designer Unknown Page 36: Seth Godin Page 37: GoBeyondweb.com Page 41: Idea and image by Seth Godin Page 44: Pew Internet / Designer unknown Page 45: Bons Design Helsinki Page 46: Huffpost Politics Page 47: Seth Godin / Author Unknown Page 48: AP