1. SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT

2. WHAT IS SOLID WASTE?
• Solid or semi-solid waste material
(including gases and liquids in containers)
which are non soluble in nature are solid
waste.
• It may be hazardous or not and includes
agricultural refuse, demolition waste,
industrial waste, mining residues,
municipal garbage and sewage sludge.

3. Waste Classification
• Domestic waste
• Factory waste
• E-waste
• Construction waste
• Agricultural waste
• Food processing waste
• Bio-medical waste
• Nuclear waste

4. Solid Waste

5. SOLID WASTE COMPOSITION
source: estimate of ministry of forest and environmrnt

6. Solid Waste in India
• 7.2 million tonnes of hazardous waste generated per year
• One Sq km of additional landfill area reqiured every-year
• Rs 1600 crore for treatment & disposal of these wastes
• In addition to this industries discharge about 150 million
tonnes of high volume low hazard waste every year,
which is mostly dumped on open low lying land areas.
Source: Estimate of Ministry of Environment & Forest

7. Growth of Solid Waste In India
• Waste is growing by leaps & bounds
• In 2002-2012, population of Mumbai increased from 8.2
million to 12.3 million
• During the same period, municipal solid waste has grown
from 3200 tonnes to 5355 tonne, an increase of 67%
• Waste collection is very low for all Indian cities
• City like Bangalore produces 2000 tonnes of waste per
annum, the ever increasing waste has put pressure on
hygienic condition of the city
Source: The Energy & Resources Institute, New Delhi

8. How solid waste affected us in past years?
• Cloudburst in Mumbai clogged the sewage line
due to large number of plastic bags
• Stray animals dying on streets and farmland due
to consumption of plastic bags, which blocks the
food movement in their stomach
• Reduction in the number of birds due to
consumption of hazardous waste

9. Major Polluting Industries in India
• Around 2500 tanneries discharge 24 million
cubic metre of waste water containing high
level of dissolved solids and 4,00,000
tonnes of hazardous solid waste
• Thermal power plants and around 300
distilleries discharge huge waste materials
which are disposed without proper
treatment.

10. Waste Collection in India
• Primarily by the city municipality
-Collection of waste product eg glasses, polybags, paper
shreds etc
-Dump these wastes to the city outskirts
• Local rag pickers
-Collecting glass bottles
-Collecting paper for recycling
• Sophisticated Waste Management
(By Waste Management vehicle)
-Collecting bio-degradable and non bio degradable waste
separately

11. WASTE MANAGEMENT
HIERARCHY

12. Managing Waste
Recycling: Processing of a waste item into usable forms.
Benefits of recycling:
-Reduce environmental degradation
-Making money out of waste
-Save energy that would have gone into waste handling &
product manufacture
Saving through recycling:
-When Al is resmelted- considerable saving in cost
-Making paper from waste saves 50% energy
-Every tonne of recycled glass saves energy equivalent to
100 litres of oil

14. OPEN DUMPING
 They are in open areas
 Minimum effort and expense
 Unsanitary and smelly
 Vermin and pests breed there
 Contaminate soil, water and air
 Chances of fire hazard
 Therefore it is not much preferred

16. SANITARY LANDFILLS
Sanitary landfills have largely replaced
open dumps.
Each day trash is spread in thin layers
It is then compacted down
Covered with a soil layer
Graded for drainage

18. INCENARATION
Incineration is a waste treatment process
that involves the combustion of solid waste
at 1000 degree celsius.
waste materials are converted into ash, flue
gas, and heat.
The ash is mostly formed by the inorganic
constituents of the waste and gases due to
organic waste.
the heat generated by incineration is used to
generate electric power.

19. INCINERATION PLANT OBERHAUSEN,
GERMANY

20. OCEAN DUMPING
Ocean dumping is the dumping or placing
of materials in the ocean, often on the
continental shelf in specially designed
containers.
A wide range of materials are involved,
including garbage, construction and
demolition debris, sewage sludge, dredge
material, waste chemicals, and nuclear
waste.

21. BIOLOGICAL REPROCESSING
Materials such as plants, food scraps, and
paper products can be decomposed into the
organic matter.
The organic matter that is produced from
this type of recycling can then be used for
such things as landscaping purpose or
agricultural uses.
Usually this method of recycling is done by
putting the materials in a container and let
to stay there until it decomposes.

22. PLASMA GASIFICATION
Plasma gasification is a new garbage
disposal solution using plasma technology.
Uses electrical energy and the high
temperatures (4000°C to over 7000°C)
created by an plasma torches.
Almost completely breaks down the waste
into syngas which are used to generate
electricity.
The remaining material (slag) is used to
produced material for building projects

23. OUR CONTRIBUTION
Reduce paper waste
Switch to reusable transport containers.
Reuse furniture and supplies such as
envelopes, file folders etc
 Use durable towels, tablecloths, napkins,
dishes, cups, and glasses
Donate/Exchange:
old books,old clothes,old computers,excess
building materials,old equipment to local
organizations

24. THANK YOU