10. Identify trophic links
• Gut content analysis
– snapshot
• Stable isotopes/Fatty acid composition
– Integrated over time
• Barcoding/high throughput sequencing
– snapshot
Deagle 2009, Brown et al.
2012, O'Rorke et al. 2012
11. Barcoding/high throughput
sequencing
• Barcoding: use of
‘standardised’ sequence
– COI, 16S..
– Still requires different
primers
• High throughput
sequencing
– High volume of data
– Semi quantitative
Suz Bateson, University of Guelph
17. Questioning the Krill importance
• Copepods
– same biomass
– more productive
• Lanternfish
– biomass
underestimated
– High energy content
• Under certain
circumstances
important
alternative
18. Interesting reads
• Atkinson, A., Siegel, V., Pakhomov, E., Rothery, P., 2004. Long-term decline in krill stock and increase in salps within the Southern
Ocean. Nature 432 (7013), 100-103.
• Barrera-Oro, E., 2002. The role of fish in the Antarctic marine food web: differences between inshore and offshore waters in the
southern Scotia Arc and west Antarctic Peninsula. Antarctic Science 14 (4), 293-309
• BROWN, D. S., JARMAN, S. N. and SYMONDSON, W. O. C. (2012), Pyrosequencing of prey DNA in reptile faeces: analysis of earthworm
consumption by slow worms. Molecular Ecology Resources, 12: 259–266. doi: 10.1111/j.1755-0998.2011.03098.x
• DEAGLE, B. E., KIRKWOOD, R. and JARMAN, S. N. (2009), Analysis of Australian fur seal diet by pyrosequencing prey DNA in faeces.
Molecular Ecology, 18: 2022–2038. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-294X.2009.04158.x
• Flores, H., Van de Putte, A. P., Volker, S., Pakhomov, E.A., Van Franeker J.A., Meesters, E., Volckaert, F.A.M., 2008. Distribution,
abundance and ecological relevance of pelagic fish in the Lazarev Sea, Southern Ocean. Marine Ecology Progress Series.
• Grant, S., Constable, A., Raymond, B., Doust, S., 2006. Bioregionalisation of the Southern Ocean: Report of Exports Workshop. WWF-
Australia and ACR CRC, Hobart, September 2006.
• Hill et al. 2012 A Foodweb Model to explore uncerteinties in the South Georgia shelf Pelagic Ecosystem. Deep Sea Research II, 59-60,
237-252.
• Hopkins, T.L., Ainley, D.G., Torres, J.J., Lancraft, T.M., 1993. Trophic structure in open waters of the marginal ice zone in the Scotia-
Weddell confluence region during spring (1983). Polar Biology 13 (6), 389-397.
• O'Rorke R, Lavery S, Chow S, Takeyama H, Tsai P, et al. (2012) Determining the Diet of Larvae of Western Rock Lobster (Panulirus
cygnus) Using High-Throughput DNA Sequencing Techniques. PLoS ONE 7(8): e42757. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0042757
• Rodhouse, P.G., White, M.G., 1995. Cephalopods occupy the ecological niche of epipelagic fish in the Antarctic Polar Frontal Zone.
Biological Bulletin 189 (2), 77-80.
• Thomas, P.B., Green, K., 1988. Distribution of Euphausia crystallorophias within Prydz Bay and its importance to inshore the marine
ecosystem. Polar Biology 8, 327-331.