Summary of policy recommendations and basis for inclusive, green and sustainable transportation for optimal mobility with India as an example

1. Transport
&
Mobility
inclusive, green and sustainable
Anupam Saraph, Ph.D.,
Future Designer

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p
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u n d e r
s e ,
k e
mobility
- S h a r e A l i
l i c e n
l i c e n s e d
 Distance a person travels
h i s
in a given period of time
t
l
i s
C o m m e r c i a
o f
 Demand for mobility and
w o r k
c o p y
speed of travel increases
with income
i s
a
o n
T h
 Amount of time devoted
w v i e
t i o n - N
r a p h .
to travel is approximately
T o
constant across countries
S a
A t t r i b u
L i c e n s e .
and incomes
A n u p a m
n s
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0
Data: GCEP Advanced Transportation Assessment Report - Spring 2006
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p
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3 . 0
u n d e r
s e ,
k e
transport
- S h a r e A l i
l i c e n
l i c e n s e d
 Globally 2.5 TW from carbon
h i s
based fuels used annually
t
l
i s
C o m m e r c i a
 Contribution of global
o f
emission related energy use
w o r k
c o p y
expected to grow from 24%
to 33%
i s
a
o n
T h
w
 95% energy for transportation
v i e
t i o n - N
r a p h .
from comes from oil, 3% from
T o
gas and only 0.4% from
S a
A t t r i b u
renewables
L i c e n s e .
A n u p a m
 In USA 2/3 energy is used for
people transportation, 1/3 for
n s
goods transport
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Data: GCEP Advanced Transportation Assessment Report - Spring 2006
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p
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u n d e r
s e ,
k e
inclusive
- S h a r e A l i
l i c e n
l i c e n s e d
 Inclusive: Proportion of nodes
h i s
in a private corridor that also
t
l
i s
C o m m e r c i a
o f
connect public corridors
w o r k
c o p y
 A network is exclusive if any
of the nodes connected by
i s
a
o n
T h
its corridors are inaccessible
w v i e
t i o n - N
r a p h .
through other corridors
T o
 In India corridors are
S a
A t t r i b u
L i c e n s e .
developed for private
A n u p a m
transport; public transport
exists only on a subset of
n s
m o
private corridors
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Data: BASIC ROAD STATISTICS OF INDIA: 2004-05, 2005-06, 2006-07 & 2007-08
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u n d e r
s e ,
k e
green
- S h a r e A l i
l i c e n
l i c e n s e d
 Green transportation has
h i s
low road density (km
t
l
i s
C o m m e r c i a
roads per square km)
o f
w o r k
c o p y
 High road density is red,
low road density is white
i s
a
o n
T h
 1.28 km per square km in
w v i e
t i o n - N
r a p h .
India is about twice of
T o
the USA, 4 times that of
S a
A t t r i b u
L i c e n s e .
China and 25 times
A n u p a m
Australia and Canada
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Data from World Bank
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u n d e r
s e ,
k e
sustainable
- S h a r e A l i
l i c e n
l i c e n s e d
 Transportation is sustainable if
h i s
vehicles can continue to ply
t
on roads
l
i s
C o m m e r c i a
o f
 High vehicle density (vehicles
w o r k
c o p y
per km of road) makes
transportation unsustainable
i s
a
 India has 4 vehicles per km
o n
T h
w
road or 1/9th of USA, 1/5th of
v i e
t i o n - N
r a p h .
China, Canada and
T o
Australia
S a
A t t r i b u
L i c e n s e .
 Congestion on Indian roads is
A n u p a m
a result of exclusive private
networks and not road
n s
capacity
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Data from World Bank
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p
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u n d e r
drivers of
s e ,
k e
mobility
- S h a r e A l i
l i c e n
l i c e n s e d
 Mobility emerges from
h i s
the network
t
l
i s
C o m m e r c i a
configuration in a city
o f
w o r k
c o p y
 People are more mobile
when fewer nodes are
i s
a
o n
reachable within the
T h
w v i e
t i o n - N
same distance
r a p h .
T o
 People are less mobile
S a
A t t r i b u
L i c e n s e .
when many nodes are
A n u p a m
Data: Noulas A, Scellato S, Lambiotte R, Pontil M, et al. (2012) A Tale
reachable within the
of Many Cities: Universal Patterns in Human Urban Mobility. PLoS same distance
n s
ONE 7(5): e37027. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0037027
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u n d e r
acceptable
s e ,
k e
mobility
- S h a r e A l i
l i c e n
l i c e n s e d
 Passenger Km travel per
h i s
square Km that may not
generate more pollution
t
l
i s
C o m m e r c i a
o f
than acceptable norms
w o r k
c o p y
 Less the people per square
Km, the more the
i s
acceptable mobility for
a
o n
T h
w
the same mode of travel
v i e
t i o n - N
r a p h .
 Pollution free modes
T o
increase acceptable
S a
A t t r i b u
mobility
L i c e n s e .
Dynamic flows can reduce
A n u p a m

Data: Saraph and Joshi (work in progress) or increase acceptable
mobility
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9. in Human Urban Mobility. PLoS ONE 7(5): e37027. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0037027
Noulas A, Scellato S, Lambiotte R, Pontil M, et al. (2012) A Tale of Many Cities: Universal Patterns
( c ) 2 0 1 3 A n u p a m S a r a p h . T h i s w o r k i s l i c e n s e d u n d e r t h e C r e a t i v e
C o m m o n s A t t r i b u t i o n - N o n C o m m e r c i a l - S h a r e A l i k e 3 . 0 U n p o r t e d
L i c e n s e . T o v i e w a c o p y o f t h i s l i c e n s e , v i s i t

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u n d e r
regulating
s e ,
k e
mobility
- S h a r e A l i
l i c e n
l i c e n s e d
 Contain city boundary
h i s
within maximum distance
t
l
i s
C o m m e r c i a
for acceptable mobility
o f
w o r k
c o p y
 Create redevelopment
plans (not development
i s
a
o n
plans) that ensure many
T h
w v i e
t i o n - N
nodes are reachable
r a p h .
within the short distances
T o
S a
A t t r i b u
L i c e n s e .
A n u p a m
n s
Data: S. Mukherjee , Pramana – J. Phys., Vol. 79, No. 3, September 2012
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recommendations
p
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U n
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u n d e r
• Mobility audit or all cities every year based on
s e ,
k e
network configuration, population and modal splits
- S h a r e A l i
l i c e n
l i c e n s e d
• City’s to prepare redevelopment plans that ensure
h i s
many nodes are reachable within the short
t
l
i s
C o m m e r c i a
o f
distances
w o r k
c o p y
• All road projects must be evaluated for the network
i s
a
configuration they alter
o n
T h
w v i e
t i o n - N
r a p h .
• Public networks must be redesigned to be truly
T o
substitutable to private networks
S a
A t t r i b u
L i c e n s e .
• City boundaries redesign based on acceptable
A n u p a m
mobility standards
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