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Differentiating: Rasul, Nabi (as Prophets) from Mujaddid (Reformers) in Islam
One of the difficulties in globalization of certain languages is, that whenever an English-usage word
is substituted for the most appropriate ethnic word in religious and cultural matters, the situation is
either confusing the reader some more, or it even changes the specifically correct intended meaning.

The term “prophet” has been widely used in many communities, with as many variations in the
implied meanings to the readers. It has been noticed, however, that the three mainstream Semitic
religions of Judaism (descending from ancient Hebrews, especially from the line of Isaac),
Christianity (which evolved out of Judaism and also from the line of Isaac) and Islam (the final
revealed religion – but directly from the line of Ishmael), have used the term “prophets” in very
inclusive ways in modern times and about events, which rolls back into history, and which is
exceeding at least 10,000 years in the past.

It is extremely important for the reader to note that the commonly used term “prophet” is an
English language usage word, and its application and references into the Arabic language makes it an
alien word in Arabic applications, especially when used within the context of Islam, and which mainly
uses Arabic references and titles. Widespread uses of the English word “prophet” in Arabic
applications are also causing lots of confusions, especially to the younger generation, which is taking
a liking for Anglo-Arabic mix in conversations and in written materials.

The specifically correct words for prophet in Arabic are of two classifications. They are “Nabi” for
basic prophets and “Rasul” for the selected higher intensity prophets and their relevances have been
explained later in this article. Whilst they are both different words, they have specific meanings and
their inter-changeability is rather restrictive, as one-way only. This is now explained below.

It is necessary for the reader to understand the prequalification of prophets within the context of
their Arabic applications of the Arabic words “Nabi” and “Rasul.” All past prophets (as in English
usage) were also “Nabi” (as in Arabic usage) and the persons so appointed as “Nabi” referred to the
most pious persons, whom Allah had contracted as His agent on earth, to carry on with religious
preaching to different communities; and using the same scripture, which his immediately previous
Nabi had been propagating. Incidentally, in the Hebrew system, a prophet (Nabi) is also called a
Nabiy.

A basic Nabi did not introduce new scripture (as a new religious law called Sharia), but only helped
clarifying better to different communities with changing levels of civilisations. Every subsequent Nabi
improved the messages of the previous Nabi, over the same community and using the existing
scripture. The Nabi formed the bulk of all those very pious persons who were described as prophets
(as in English usage).

Every nation has been blessed with at least a Nabi and the Holy Qur’an gives this testimony at 10:47,
as “And for every nation there is a messenger. So when their messenger comes, the matter is decided
between them with justice, and they are not wronged.”

The term “Nabi” is mentioned in the Holy Qur’an several times. Examples of Nabi in Islam and
mentioned in the Holy Qur’an are: Noah, Enoch, Eber, Saleh, Lot, Ishmael, Isaac, etc to mention a
few. This listing can be seen in the matrix at Part 1, which is at the end of this article.




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The term “Rasul” referred to messengers or apostles of much higher intensity, and who introduced
totally new religious preaching based on totally new replacement scripture (a new religious law
called Sharia). Hence the Rasul had to be persons of higher intensity, because of the uphill struggle
in completely changing the mindset of the communities, which were already believing and practising
under the previous Sharia. Incidentally, the Rasul also had to bridge this culture gap and bring about
necessary change. The religious preaching based on totally new replacement scripture (new Sharia)
became essential over spaces of thousands of years, when the levels of civilisation had greatly
advanced and improved to greater elevation; and so it became necessary for the particular Rasul as
the agent and Ambassador of Allah, to introduced new package of preaching and scripture with new
names (as a new Sharia). The new scripture with a new name, but with greatly enhanced to some
additional details, superseded the previous scriptures. This is also explained and exemplified later in
this article.

Examples of Rasul in Islam and mentioned in the Holy Qur’an (to mention a few) and who had
brought in significant changes (new Sharia) are Adam, Abraham, Moses, David, Jesus and
Muhammad. The fundamental prequalification for Rasul is that he must also be Nabi. Prophet
Muhammad (pbuh) brought about total closure to both prophetical titles of Nabi and Rasul. Without
any doubt, Prophet Muhammad (pbuh) was the Final Rasul and there shall be no other prophet of
any description whatsoever coming to this world after Prophet Muhammad (pbuh).

It is for this reason in history that Prophet Muhammad (pbuh) is most affectionately and uniquely
known as “Rasul-Allah.” Incidentally again, in Hebrew system, a prophet (Rasul) is called a Malak.

There is need for the reader to understand the restricted one-way inter-changeability of the titles of
Rasul and Nabi. All those prophets with Rasul titles were also Nabi (a prequalification); but all those
prophets with Nabi title only cannot be Rasul at same time. The absolute baseline means that all
prophets were Nabi and indeed most pious humans, who were born in this world as normal humans
of both human parentage in the natural reproductive process; and none of the prophets (Nabi or
Rasul) was born from any form of Immaculate Conception.

One of the most confusing difficulties facing the modern generation of people is the acceptance or
the denial, of past prominent persons in religious history, especially of those persons who have been
variously referred to as prophets. In the analysis of this roll back of history, and according to Islam,
Allah sent 124,000+ prophets1 (total combined Nabi + Rasul) to this world since its creation; and
there was not a single community, which was denied the fundamental right to have a prophet,
largely to correct them, to guide them and to lead that community.

Again, the Holy Qur’an testifies at 16:36, as “And certainly We raised in every nation a messenger,
saying: Serve Allah and shun the devil. Then of them was he whom Allah guided, and of them was he
whose remaining in error was justly due. So travel in the land, then see what was the end of the
rejectors.”




1
 Prophet Muhammad’s (pbuh) statement in Hadith No 21257 in Musnad Ibn Hanbal that there were over
124,000 prophets since creation.



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Each and every one of those 124,000+ prophets was an Ambassador from Allah when they served
their term on earth. They were Ambassadors in the sense that they, as natural humans, actually
appeared in material human form in the midst of those communities, of which they were designated
to, and were also of the same ethnicity, they spoke the same language and they practised the same
cultures for widespread acceptability. Of course, Allah is the Best Administrator and the Best Knower
and none can match Him. The Holy Qur’an stresses this at several places: 2:1; 3:1; 7:1; 13:1; 29:1;
30:1; 31:1; 32:1 most proudly as “I, Allah, am the Best Knower.”

The relationship between a prophet (whether Nabi or Rasul) and Allah is akin to a binding contract,
which has an agent and its principal; the prophets are agents on earth acting on behalf of Allah, their
Principal. The contract becomes binding in the sense that the message of prophetical appointment
was brought to the prophet by Angel Gabriel (Jibrael) and the prophet agreed to the terms and
obligations in meeting up with the common understanding; and the events were witnessed so. This
also means that no individual can claim prophet-hood entirely upon his own desires!

These 124,000+ prophets also performed the assigned role as guides and as reminders to their
communities, of their not drifting away from their previously designated prophets’ scriptures and
preaching (previous Sharia). They were all communal prophets assigned and to their communities;
the reader must also note that the only exception to such communal prophets was Prophet
Muhammad (pbuh), who, although he was born in Arabia, he did not come as communal prophet for
the Arabs, but he came as the Final Prophet to all communities of the whole world (the entire
broadband of humanity) since creation.

It is an expected belief of all Muslims that all prophets (Nabi and Rasul) brought messages, rules and
practices, which were fundamentally Muslim principles; and because they were centrally guided by
Allah. They all came with differently worded messages but as continuous flowing of the same
messages; however, it was the communities over thousands of years, which had corrupted and
distorted the basic Muslim messages, revealed thousands of years ago. The basic Muslim messages
brought by all prophets were as:

    1. Belief in the Supremacy of only One God and total prohibition of idolatry;
    2. Regular prayers and making sacrifices to One God;
    3. Existence of holy men (prophets) and holy spirits (angels);
    4. Having a welfare system and contributing to charity for the lesser privileged;
    5. Respect and honour of the rulership or head of governance; it must be noted that some of
       the previous prophets were also patriarch of their communities (e.g. Abraham) and some
       others were Kings of their communities (e.g. Solomon and David);
    6. There would be some form of a Great Judgement Day; and
    7. Existence of a reward/punishment system after death.

There shall not be another prophet (Rasul or Nabi) after Prophet Muhammad (pbuh). This testimony
is easily available as two streams of verifiable evidences, which testify that Prophet Muhammad
(pbuh) shall be the final prophet (both Nabi and Rasul) ever.

The first evidence is in the Holy Qur’an at 33:40, which testifies as “Muhammad is not the father of
any of your men, but he is the Messenger of Allah and the Seal of the prophets. And Allah is ever
Knower of all things.”




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The second evidence was a paragraph in the last sermon, which Prophet Muhammad (pbuh)
delivered to and witnessed by the multitude of tens of thousands of Muslims, in which the Holy
Prophet clarified (as his paragraph No 7): “O People, no prophet or apostle will come after me and no
new faith will be born. Reason well, therefore, O People, and understand my words which I convey to
you. I leave behind me two things, the Qur'an and my example, the Sunnah and if you follow these
you will never go astray.” (Author’s underlining).

Having considered the verifiable evidence, revealed in the Holy Qur’an at 33:40 from Allah, and after
having further considered the widely-witnessed evidence spoken by the Holy Prophet Muhammad
(pbuh) in his last sermon, it becomes conclusive to the reader that “there shall never be another
prophet of any description (Rasul and Nabi) whatsoever in this world, after the death of Prophet
Muhammad (pbuh).”

Different scriptures have mentioned some of the prophets by name, as explicitly simplified means of
exemplification to what was preached and practised, so that the communities would be guided to do
the correct things and at same time refrain from doing the wrong things. The prophets were sent to
their designated people in different countries, in different eras, to teach them and to guide them;
and then to judge them for correction and bring about improvement; but at same time kept warning
those people of the consequences of disobedience to instructions from Allah.

One of the most common disobedience acts of past communities was disregarding the existence of
One God and then resorting to idolatry. All those past communities, which disregarded their prophet,
were severely punished and historically recorded so in many scriptures.

The Holy Qur’an compels all Muslims to accept all prophets and servants of Allah (and this also
includes acceptance of Mujaddid) and this appears as an ordinance at 4:69 as “And as for those who
reject Our messages, chastisement will afflict them because they transgressed.” More on Mujaddid is
explained later in this article.

Each of the prophets (Nabi) was a timely reminder of past revelation deliveries, and generally the
Rasul came with a new message and new religious law (new Sharia); the new messages delivered
were especially adjusted and refined to suit the level of civilization; and the prophets warned their
disbelieving people of non-compliance to past scripture. When those communities did not listen to
the messages delivered by the prophet of the day, the communities were severely punished. An
example is Prophet Noah, who lived a very long time, and throughout his whole life, he preached the
existence and worshipping of only One Supreme God (Allah); but his community kept up with
idolatry and ridiculed the prophet’s preaching. Of course, the idolaters (numbering by the millions)
were completely drowned and, the rest is history already known to most of readers as the “Great
Flood.” There are many other cases of mass-punishments delivered to whole communities.

None of those previous scripture is a Registry of Prophets - of all prophets in history. The Holy
Qur’an, which is the final scripture, also mentions prophets, but only a few (actually 25) prophets by
exact name, and relating them to events, situations and the lesson to be learnt from such
circumstantial situations.

Names of all prophets mentioned by name in the Holy Qur’an are listed in the matrix-table below (as
in Part 1), according to their historical sequence. This appears at the end of this article. Two other
prophets have been mentioned in the Holy Qur’an as “prophets” but their names have not been
detailed. These are at 2:247 and at 36:11. The common opinion is that the referral to prophets is
more generic rather than specific.

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All prophets do not say to their communities what those prophets want to say voluntarily, but they
are guided very discretely by Allah with His messages delivered to them through the processing of
direct revelations. It should also be noted that every past prophet was a Muslim and all prophets
delivered the messages with such consistency, that with each new prophet, the next prophet
continued from the point the messages and practices delivered by the prophet before him had left
off. The only differences in the messages delivered by the prophet previously and the next prophet
were the extent of refinement of same messages, elevating those messages as consistent to the
improved levels of civilisation existing in different parts of the world.

Each prophet also delivered in their messages, the proclamation that there shall be a Final Prophet,
who shall not be allocated to a particular country or community, but he shall be the prophet to the
world’s humanity; and he shall also serve the entire global community. That Final Prophet is Prophet
Muhammad (pbuh) and his name has been mentioned with slight spelling variations in different
countries and their scripture. This topic alone is substantial and would be better authored as a
separate article.

The Holy Qur’an makes certain at 33:40 that Prophet Muhammad (pbuh) upon his death sealed any
further arrival of prophets (Rasul and Nabi), which concludes that he was not just any prophet in
isolation, but the Final Prophet in the whole series of 124,000+ prophets; and that also concludes
that the religion preached by Prophet Muhammad (pbuh) is the ultimate and final development of
religion – as Islam - the religion of choice from Allah. In the same vein, the scripture introduced by
the Final Prophet (Prophet Muhammad (pbuh)), as the Holy Qur’an is also the final revealed
scripture, authored and sealed off by Allah.

Being the final scripture in the series of scriptures since creation also means that the Holy Qur’an
supersedes all other earlier scriptures, and embodies within its sacred texts the spirit of all other
previous scriptures.

The reader is reminded that the uniqueness of the Holy Qur’an, the final revealed scripture,
superseding all other previous scriptures requires particular explanations. For example, the two
ancient Hebrew Scriptures, which were revealed to the Israelites, the Torah (Tawrat) and the Psalms
(Zabur), and which were authored by Prophet Moses and Prophet David respectively, were
superseded by the Gospel (Injeel). The Gospel (Injeel) was revealed to the final Israelite prophet,
Jesus Christ. These processes of superseding took several hundreds of years in between them, with
changing civilisations. The Gospel (Injeel) was superseded by the Holy Qur’an more than 600 years
after the birth of Jesus Christ. There shall never be another revealed scripture after the Holy Qur’an
and the Holy Qur’an shall not be superseded and shall remain intact and original.

This puts to closure three very important points:

    1. Firstly, there shall not be another Sharia.

    2. Secondly, there shall not be another prophet to receive any further Sharia.

    3. Thirdly the Sharia which was received and introduced by Prophet Muhammad (pbuh), was
       the final Sharia and shall remain to be the currently valid Sharia indefinitely, till the end of
       this world.

An obvious question which arises is: How can 1.9 Billion Muslims carry on into the future without
any Divine leadership such as a prophet and periodic updates till the end of this world?




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The answer lies within the current Sharia and the need to understand this best is with quotations
from the Holy Qur’an and the Hadith. It is now timely to mention the purpose and function of
Mujaddid. A Mujaddid is a maintenance manager of the religion of Islam, as a reviver, selectively
appointed by Allah; and that person is informed by Allah’s angels of his appointment as the
Mujaddid at the head of the emergence of an Islamic Century (Hijri), at that point in time.

The Divine authority for commencement and continuation of the arrival of Mujaddid every Islamic
Century (Hijri) is in the Holy Qur’an at 24:55, as “Allah has promised to those of you who believe and
do good that He will surely make them rulers in the earth as He made those before them rulers, and
that He will surely establish for them their religion, which He has chosen for them, and that He will
surely give them security in exchange after their fear. They will serve Me, not associating aught with
Me. And whoever is ungrateful after this, they are the transgressors.”

It should be noted that the non-acceptance of the valid Mujaddid is a serious sin, as the Holy Qur’an
has described non-accepting persons as “transgressors.” This must be read in conjunction with the
earlier ordinance in the Holy Qur’an at 4:69, as “And as for those who reject Our messages,
chastisement will afflict them because they transgressed.”

Perhaps it is timely to remind the reader, that after the death of Rasul-Allah, it is indeed a heinous
sin for any person of any capacity or description whatsoever, to claim any form of prophet-hood
after the revealed verse at 33:40 which testifies as “Muhammad is not the father of any of your men,
but he is the Messenger of Allah and the Seal of the prophets. And Allah is ever Knower of all things.”

There is also need to take a navigational run through some of the Hadith, where Rasul-Allah has
assured that such maintenance managers to the religion of Islam, as revivers, shall be coming at the
head of each of emergence of an Islamic Century (Hijri), at that point in time. Some of these Hadith
quotes are as follows:

    1. "Allah shall raise for this Ummah at the head of every century a man who shall renew (or
       revive) for it its religion." (Sunan Abu Dawood, Book 37: Kitab al-Malahim [Battles], Hâdith
       Number 4278).
    2. “Surely Allah will raise up for His people in the beginning of every Century (Hijri) one who
       will revive for it its religion” (Abu Dawood, 36:1).
    3. "The Israelites used to be led by prophets; whenever a prophet died, another came after
       him. After me there is no prophet, but there will be khalifas and there will be many."
       (Bukhari, book 60, ch. 50)

In addition, to exemplify further, there is need to draw an analogy, with a very large and sprawling
building structure, which is there to stay forever, but needs a dedicated maintenance program
manager at regular intervals, so that the building structure retains its originality indefinitely into the
future. The landlord of that building structure must foresee the future, and have in place a
contracted maintenance manager, to revive the tenancy demand for that building. Consequently,
over several decades, perhaps the roof of the building structure needs repainting; perhaps the
exterior and interior paintwork has faded or peeling off, and also needs repainting; perhaps some of
the electrical are out of date and in dangerous condition and need replacement, etc, etc.

If the building is not maintained at regular intervals by the contracted maintenance manager, in all
probability, some of the tenants of that building would vacate the neglected dilapidated building and
then relocate to another building, which is directly in open competition and very much up to date
and attractive.


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The following point must be noted in this analogy: The contracted maintenance manager can only
refurbish the building, following the original blueprint of the building plans; but he is not permitted
to either become the owner of the building, or alter the general structure of the building, or for that
matter commence construction of a new building structure.

Insofar as the global survival of Islam matters on the long haul, the “building structure” landlord in
the previous paragraph, is Allah, the periodic contracted maintenance manager is a Mujaddid, the
blueprint plans is the current Islamic Sharia, and the existing tenants are the Muslim population
throughout the world. The “other buildings in open competition” are other religions, which are ever
ready to systematically crush our beloved Islam into non-existence at any time.

Taking the above analogy into consideration, the dire need to have a Mujaddid at the head of every
Islamic Century (Hijri) as the “maintenance manager” or reviver, becomes potentially compulsory to
save Islam from being enviously crushed by other religions.

There are certain fundamental rules, which the Mujaddid must never do:

    1. He cannot introduce anything new to Islam which is contrary to the Holy Qur’an.

    2. He must not assume or declare himself a prophet (both Nabi and Rasul) after the line of
       prophet-hood ceased with Rasul-Allah the Final Prophet (see quote above in Holy Qur’an
       33:40).

    3. He must never introduce a new Sharia contradicting the existing Sharia.

    4. He must never introduce a new Scripture replacing or substituting the Holy Qur’an.

    5. He must not introduce a new religion either in competition with Islam or replacing Islam.

    6. He must not use religion to gain worldly fame.

    7. He must not fail to defend Islam each time the need arises.

    8. He must not forget to remove Bid’a from Sunnah.

When referring to the list of Mujaddid who have already served their terms according to the Islamic
Century (Hijri) of their proclamation by an angel, it is important to fully understand why some
Centuries had more than one Mujaddid.

The explanation rests with global activities against Islam, with every attempt made to crush Islam.
These were the Crusades, the amalgamated armies of mainly Christian countries against Islam. In the
main, there were four Major Crusades and five minor Crusades. The first Crusade commenced and
lasted 1071 – 1101 and the last Crusade was from 1271-1272. In all Crusades, millions died as result
of battle casualties on both Christian sides and Muslim sides.

At the peaking heights of those nine Crusades 1071 to 1272, it was necessary for Allah in His
superlative wisdom to send two Mujaddid in certain Islamic Centuries and those decisions were not
only defensive, but also inspirational to bolster Islam with greater defensiveness.

In addition, Mujaddid always came at times when Islam was at its lowest ebb and most highly
vulnerable by other pressure groups, and considered necessary to defend Islam to the full.




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Part 1

                            (Prophets, some as “Rasul” and some as “Nabi” Mentioned in the Holy Qur’an)

Sequentially Listed              Was he a    Was he a      Was he      Was he a    Name of His   Would He        Community
Prophets in Islam                Prophet?    Rasul or a    a           Reformer    Revealed      Reappear as     He Served as
                                             Messenger?    Nabi?       or a        Scripture     Rasul or Nabi   the Dedicated
(Spread out throughout the                                             Mujaddid?   (Holy Book)   in Future?      Prophet
Holy Qur’an).

(Arabic names in italics)

Adam (Adam)                      Yes         Yes           Yes         No          Scrolls of    No              Human
                                                                                   Adam                          descendants

Noah (Nuh)                       Yes         Yes           Yes         No          X             No              The new
                                                                                                                 Descendants
                                                                                                                 of Noah (after
                                                                                                                 the great
                                                                                                                 flood)

Enoch (Idris)                    Yes         Yes           Yes         No          X             No

Eber (Hud)                       Yes         Yes           Yes         No          X             No              Community of
                                                                                                                 Ad (now called
                                                                                                                 Yemen)

Saleh (Salih)                    Yes         Yes           Yes         No          X             No              Community of
                                                                                                                 Thamud

Abraham (Ibrahim)                Yes         Yes           Yes         No          Scrolls of    No              Descendants
                                                                                   Abraham                       of Abraham
                                                                                                                 (Semitic)

Lot (Lut)                        Yes         Yes           Yes         No          X             No              Communities
                                                                                                                 of Sodom and
                                                                                                                 Gomorrah

Ishmael (Ishma’l)                Yes         No            Yes         No          X             No              Communities
                                                                                                                 of Arabic
                                                                                                                 Descents

Isaac (Is’haq)                   Yes         No            Yes         No          X             No              Communities
                                                                                                                 of Canaan

Jacob (Yakub)                    Yes         No            Yes         No          X             No              Twelve Tribes
                                                                                                                 of Israel

Joseph (Yusuf)                   Yes         No            Yes         No          X             No              Coptic
                                                                                                                 Communities
                                                                                                                 (Egypt)

Job (Aiyub)                      Yes         No            Yes         No          X             No              Community of
                                                                                                                 Job

Jethro (Shua’b)                  Yes         Yes           Yes         No          X             No              The
                                                                                                                 Medianites

Moses (Musa)                     Yes         Yes           Yes         No          Torah         No              Twelve Tribes
                                                                                   (Tawrat)                      of Israel and
                                                                                                                 the Coptics

Aaron (Haroon)                   Yes         No            Yes         No          X             No              Twelve Tribes
                                                                                                                 of Israel and
                                                                                                                 the Coptics

David (Dawd)                     Yes         Yes           Yes         No          Psalms        No              Israelites


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(Zabur)

Solomon (Suleiman)          Yes   No    Yes   No   X             No   Israelites

Elijah (Ilyas)              Yes   Yes   Yes   No   X             No   Communities
                                                                      of Elijah

Elisha (Al-Yasa)            Yes   Yes   Yes   No   X             No   Israelites

Jonah (Yunus)               Yes   Yes   Yes   No   X             No   Descendants
                                                                      of Jonah

Ezekiel (Dhul-Kifiel)       Yes   Yes   Yes   No   X             No   Israelites

Zachariah (Zachariah)       Yes   No    Yes   No   X             No   Israelites

John the Baptist (Yahiya)   Yes   No    Yes   No   X             No   Israelites

Jesus Christ (Isa Masih)    Yes   Yes   Yes   No   Gospel        No   Israelites
                                                   (Injeel)

Muhammad (Muhammad)         Yes   Yes   Yes   No   Qur’an        No   The Entire
                                                                      Humanity
                                                   (Al-Qur’an)




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Part 2

(Mujaddid (Reformers) Who Served Every Islamic Century (Hijri) After Prophet Muhammad (pbuh) Died in year AD632)

Sequentially Listed           Was he a    Was he a         Was he        Was he a    Name of His    Would He        Community
Reformers (Mujaddid) in       Prophet?    Rasul or a       a             Reformer    Revealed       Reappear as     He Appeared
Islamic History                           Messenger?       Nabi?         or a        Scripture      Rasul or Nabi   within as the
                                                                         Mujaddid?   (Holy Book)    in Future?      Century’s
                                                                                                                    Reformer

1st Century Hijri             No          No               No            Yes         Nil            No              Arabia
Hazrat Umar ibn Abdul Aziz
2nd Century Hijri             No          No               No            Yes         Nil            No              Palestine
Hazrat Imam Shafi
&
Hazrat Imam Ahmad ibn
Hanbal                                                                                                              Iraq

3rd Century Hijri             No          No               No            Yes         Nil            No              Arabia
Hazrat Abul Hassan Asha’ri
&                                                                                                                   Arabia
Hazrat Abu Sharh
4th Century Hijri             No          No               No            Yes         Nil            No              Iran
Hazrat Abu Ubaid
Naishapuri &

Hazrat Qazi Abu Bakr                                                                                                Arabia
Baqlani
5th Century Hijri             No          No               No            Yes         Nil            No              Iran
Hazrat Imam Al-Ghazali
6th Century Hijri             No          No               No            Yes         Nil            No              Iran
Hazrat Saiyyid Abdul Qadir
Jilani
7th Century Hijri             No          No               No            Yes         Nil            No              Iran
Hazrat Mueen-Ud-Din Chisti
&
Hazrat Imam ibn Taimiyya
                                                                                                                    Turkey

8th Century Hijri             No          No               No            Yes         Nil            No              Egypt
Hazrat Hafiz ibn Hajar
Asqalani &

Hazrat Saleh ibn Umar                                                                                               Iraq

9th Century Hijri             No          No               No            Yes         Nil            No              India
Hazrat Sayyid Muhammad
Jaunpuri
10th Century Hijri            No          No               No            Yes         Nil            No              Egypt
Hazrat Imam Jalaluddin
Sayuti
11th Century Hijri            No          No               No            Yes         Nil            No              India
Hazrat Mujjaddid Alif Sani
12th Century Hijri            No          No               No            Yes         Nil            No              India
Hazrat Shah Waliullah
Muhaddith Dehlavi
13th Century Hijri            No          No               No            Yes         Nil            No              India
Hazrat Sayyid Ahmad Barelvi
14th Century Hijri            No          No               No            Yes         Nil            No              India
Hazrat Mirza Ghulam
Ahmad
15th Century:                 No          No               No            Yes         Nil            No              ???
Commenced on 21st
November 1980 (In Waiting)




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It is for all correct thinking Muslims to guide and assist other Muslims; the Holy Qur’an has
sanctioned that correct advice shall be given to those who need to be guided. This is given in the
Holy Qur’an at 3:103, as “And from among you there should be a party who invite to good and enjoin
the right and forbid the wrong. And these are they who are successful.”

                                         --End of Document –

Fiji




                                                                                               11

2012 ©Jalal Ud Dean

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Differentiating Rasul,Nabi,Mujaddid

  • 1. Bismillah-ir-Rahman-ir-Rahim Differentiating: Rasul, Nabi (as Prophets) from Mujaddid (Reformers) in Islam One of the difficulties in globalization of certain languages is, that whenever an English-usage word is substituted for the most appropriate ethnic word in religious and cultural matters, the situation is either confusing the reader some more, or it even changes the specifically correct intended meaning. The term “prophet” has been widely used in many communities, with as many variations in the implied meanings to the readers. It has been noticed, however, that the three mainstream Semitic religions of Judaism (descending from ancient Hebrews, especially from the line of Isaac), Christianity (which evolved out of Judaism and also from the line of Isaac) and Islam (the final revealed religion – but directly from the line of Ishmael), have used the term “prophets” in very inclusive ways in modern times and about events, which rolls back into history, and which is exceeding at least 10,000 years in the past. It is extremely important for the reader to note that the commonly used term “prophet” is an English language usage word, and its application and references into the Arabic language makes it an alien word in Arabic applications, especially when used within the context of Islam, and which mainly uses Arabic references and titles. Widespread uses of the English word “prophet” in Arabic applications are also causing lots of confusions, especially to the younger generation, which is taking a liking for Anglo-Arabic mix in conversations and in written materials. The specifically correct words for prophet in Arabic are of two classifications. They are “Nabi” for basic prophets and “Rasul” for the selected higher intensity prophets and their relevances have been explained later in this article. Whilst they are both different words, they have specific meanings and their inter-changeability is rather restrictive, as one-way only. This is now explained below. It is necessary for the reader to understand the prequalification of prophets within the context of their Arabic applications of the Arabic words “Nabi” and “Rasul.” All past prophets (as in English usage) were also “Nabi” (as in Arabic usage) and the persons so appointed as “Nabi” referred to the most pious persons, whom Allah had contracted as His agent on earth, to carry on with religious preaching to different communities; and using the same scripture, which his immediately previous Nabi had been propagating. Incidentally, in the Hebrew system, a prophet (Nabi) is also called a Nabiy. A basic Nabi did not introduce new scripture (as a new religious law called Sharia), but only helped clarifying better to different communities with changing levels of civilisations. Every subsequent Nabi improved the messages of the previous Nabi, over the same community and using the existing scripture. The Nabi formed the bulk of all those very pious persons who were described as prophets (as in English usage). Every nation has been blessed with at least a Nabi and the Holy Qur’an gives this testimony at 10:47, as “And for every nation there is a messenger. So when their messenger comes, the matter is decided between them with justice, and they are not wronged.” The term “Nabi” is mentioned in the Holy Qur’an several times. Examples of Nabi in Islam and mentioned in the Holy Qur’an are: Noah, Enoch, Eber, Saleh, Lot, Ishmael, Isaac, etc to mention a few. This listing can be seen in the matrix at Part 1, which is at the end of this article. 1 2012 ©Jalal Ud Dean
  • 2. The term “Rasul” referred to messengers or apostles of much higher intensity, and who introduced totally new religious preaching based on totally new replacement scripture (a new religious law called Sharia). Hence the Rasul had to be persons of higher intensity, because of the uphill struggle in completely changing the mindset of the communities, which were already believing and practising under the previous Sharia. Incidentally, the Rasul also had to bridge this culture gap and bring about necessary change. The religious preaching based on totally new replacement scripture (new Sharia) became essential over spaces of thousands of years, when the levels of civilisation had greatly advanced and improved to greater elevation; and so it became necessary for the particular Rasul as the agent and Ambassador of Allah, to introduced new package of preaching and scripture with new names (as a new Sharia). The new scripture with a new name, but with greatly enhanced to some additional details, superseded the previous scriptures. This is also explained and exemplified later in this article. Examples of Rasul in Islam and mentioned in the Holy Qur’an (to mention a few) and who had brought in significant changes (new Sharia) are Adam, Abraham, Moses, David, Jesus and Muhammad. The fundamental prequalification for Rasul is that he must also be Nabi. Prophet Muhammad (pbuh) brought about total closure to both prophetical titles of Nabi and Rasul. Without any doubt, Prophet Muhammad (pbuh) was the Final Rasul and there shall be no other prophet of any description whatsoever coming to this world after Prophet Muhammad (pbuh). It is for this reason in history that Prophet Muhammad (pbuh) is most affectionately and uniquely known as “Rasul-Allah.” Incidentally again, in Hebrew system, a prophet (Rasul) is called a Malak. There is need for the reader to understand the restricted one-way inter-changeability of the titles of Rasul and Nabi. All those prophets with Rasul titles were also Nabi (a prequalification); but all those prophets with Nabi title only cannot be Rasul at same time. The absolute baseline means that all prophets were Nabi and indeed most pious humans, who were born in this world as normal humans of both human parentage in the natural reproductive process; and none of the prophets (Nabi or Rasul) was born from any form of Immaculate Conception. One of the most confusing difficulties facing the modern generation of people is the acceptance or the denial, of past prominent persons in religious history, especially of those persons who have been variously referred to as prophets. In the analysis of this roll back of history, and according to Islam, Allah sent 124,000+ prophets1 (total combined Nabi + Rasul) to this world since its creation; and there was not a single community, which was denied the fundamental right to have a prophet, largely to correct them, to guide them and to lead that community. Again, the Holy Qur’an testifies at 16:36, as “And certainly We raised in every nation a messenger, saying: Serve Allah and shun the devil. Then of them was he whom Allah guided, and of them was he whose remaining in error was justly due. So travel in the land, then see what was the end of the rejectors.” 1 Prophet Muhammad’s (pbuh) statement in Hadith No 21257 in Musnad Ibn Hanbal that there were over 124,000 prophets since creation. 2 2012 ©Jalal Ud Dean
  • 3. Each and every one of those 124,000+ prophets was an Ambassador from Allah when they served their term on earth. They were Ambassadors in the sense that they, as natural humans, actually appeared in material human form in the midst of those communities, of which they were designated to, and were also of the same ethnicity, they spoke the same language and they practised the same cultures for widespread acceptability. Of course, Allah is the Best Administrator and the Best Knower and none can match Him. The Holy Qur’an stresses this at several places: 2:1; 3:1; 7:1; 13:1; 29:1; 30:1; 31:1; 32:1 most proudly as “I, Allah, am the Best Knower.” The relationship between a prophet (whether Nabi or Rasul) and Allah is akin to a binding contract, which has an agent and its principal; the prophets are agents on earth acting on behalf of Allah, their Principal. The contract becomes binding in the sense that the message of prophetical appointment was brought to the prophet by Angel Gabriel (Jibrael) and the prophet agreed to the terms and obligations in meeting up with the common understanding; and the events were witnessed so. This also means that no individual can claim prophet-hood entirely upon his own desires! These 124,000+ prophets also performed the assigned role as guides and as reminders to their communities, of their not drifting away from their previously designated prophets’ scriptures and preaching (previous Sharia). They were all communal prophets assigned and to their communities; the reader must also note that the only exception to such communal prophets was Prophet Muhammad (pbuh), who, although he was born in Arabia, he did not come as communal prophet for the Arabs, but he came as the Final Prophet to all communities of the whole world (the entire broadband of humanity) since creation. It is an expected belief of all Muslims that all prophets (Nabi and Rasul) brought messages, rules and practices, which were fundamentally Muslim principles; and because they were centrally guided by Allah. They all came with differently worded messages but as continuous flowing of the same messages; however, it was the communities over thousands of years, which had corrupted and distorted the basic Muslim messages, revealed thousands of years ago. The basic Muslim messages brought by all prophets were as: 1. Belief in the Supremacy of only One God and total prohibition of idolatry; 2. Regular prayers and making sacrifices to One God; 3. Existence of holy men (prophets) and holy spirits (angels); 4. Having a welfare system and contributing to charity for the lesser privileged; 5. Respect and honour of the rulership or head of governance; it must be noted that some of the previous prophets were also patriarch of their communities (e.g. Abraham) and some others were Kings of their communities (e.g. Solomon and David); 6. There would be some form of a Great Judgement Day; and 7. Existence of a reward/punishment system after death. There shall not be another prophet (Rasul or Nabi) after Prophet Muhammad (pbuh). This testimony is easily available as two streams of verifiable evidences, which testify that Prophet Muhammad (pbuh) shall be the final prophet (both Nabi and Rasul) ever. The first evidence is in the Holy Qur’an at 33:40, which testifies as “Muhammad is not the father of any of your men, but he is the Messenger of Allah and the Seal of the prophets. And Allah is ever Knower of all things.” 3 2012 ©Jalal Ud Dean
  • 4. The second evidence was a paragraph in the last sermon, which Prophet Muhammad (pbuh) delivered to and witnessed by the multitude of tens of thousands of Muslims, in which the Holy Prophet clarified (as his paragraph No 7): “O People, no prophet or apostle will come after me and no new faith will be born. Reason well, therefore, O People, and understand my words which I convey to you. I leave behind me two things, the Qur'an and my example, the Sunnah and if you follow these you will never go astray.” (Author’s underlining). Having considered the verifiable evidence, revealed in the Holy Qur’an at 33:40 from Allah, and after having further considered the widely-witnessed evidence spoken by the Holy Prophet Muhammad (pbuh) in his last sermon, it becomes conclusive to the reader that “there shall never be another prophet of any description (Rasul and Nabi) whatsoever in this world, after the death of Prophet Muhammad (pbuh).” Different scriptures have mentioned some of the prophets by name, as explicitly simplified means of exemplification to what was preached and practised, so that the communities would be guided to do the correct things and at same time refrain from doing the wrong things. The prophets were sent to their designated people in different countries, in different eras, to teach them and to guide them; and then to judge them for correction and bring about improvement; but at same time kept warning those people of the consequences of disobedience to instructions from Allah. One of the most common disobedience acts of past communities was disregarding the existence of One God and then resorting to idolatry. All those past communities, which disregarded their prophet, were severely punished and historically recorded so in many scriptures. The Holy Qur’an compels all Muslims to accept all prophets and servants of Allah (and this also includes acceptance of Mujaddid) and this appears as an ordinance at 4:69 as “And as for those who reject Our messages, chastisement will afflict them because they transgressed.” More on Mujaddid is explained later in this article. Each of the prophets (Nabi) was a timely reminder of past revelation deliveries, and generally the Rasul came with a new message and new religious law (new Sharia); the new messages delivered were especially adjusted and refined to suit the level of civilization; and the prophets warned their disbelieving people of non-compliance to past scripture. When those communities did not listen to the messages delivered by the prophet of the day, the communities were severely punished. An example is Prophet Noah, who lived a very long time, and throughout his whole life, he preached the existence and worshipping of only One Supreme God (Allah); but his community kept up with idolatry and ridiculed the prophet’s preaching. Of course, the idolaters (numbering by the millions) were completely drowned and, the rest is history already known to most of readers as the “Great Flood.” There are many other cases of mass-punishments delivered to whole communities. None of those previous scripture is a Registry of Prophets - of all prophets in history. The Holy Qur’an, which is the final scripture, also mentions prophets, but only a few (actually 25) prophets by exact name, and relating them to events, situations and the lesson to be learnt from such circumstantial situations. Names of all prophets mentioned by name in the Holy Qur’an are listed in the matrix-table below (as in Part 1), according to their historical sequence. This appears at the end of this article. Two other prophets have been mentioned in the Holy Qur’an as “prophets” but their names have not been detailed. These are at 2:247 and at 36:11. The common opinion is that the referral to prophets is more generic rather than specific. 4 2012 ©Jalal Ud Dean
  • 5. All prophets do not say to their communities what those prophets want to say voluntarily, but they are guided very discretely by Allah with His messages delivered to them through the processing of direct revelations. It should also be noted that every past prophet was a Muslim and all prophets delivered the messages with such consistency, that with each new prophet, the next prophet continued from the point the messages and practices delivered by the prophet before him had left off. The only differences in the messages delivered by the prophet previously and the next prophet were the extent of refinement of same messages, elevating those messages as consistent to the improved levels of civilisation existing in different parts of the world. Each prophet also delivered in their messages, the proclamation that there shall be a Final Prophet, who shall not be allocated to a particular country or community, but he shall be the prophet to the world’s humanity; and he shall also serve the entire global community. That Final Prophet is Prophet Muhammad (pbuh) and his name has been mentioned with slight spelling variations in different countries and their scripture. This topic alone is substantial and would be better authored as a separate article. The Holy Qur’an makes certain at 33:40 that Prophet Muhammad (pbuh) upon his death sealed any further arrival of prophets (Rasul and Nabi), which concludes that he was not just any prophet in isolation, but the Final Prophet in the whole series of 124,000+ prophets; and that also concludes that the religion preached by Prophet Muhammad (pbuh) is the ultimate and final development of religion – as Islam - the religion of choice from Allah. In the same vein, the scripture introduced by the Final Prophet (Prophet Muhammad (pbuh)), as the Holy Qur’an is also the final revealed scripture, authored and sealed off by Allah. Being the final scripture in the series of scriptures since creation also means that the Holy Qur’an supersedes all other earlier scriptures, and embodies within its sacred texts the spirit of all other previous scriptures. The reader is reminded that the uniqueness of the Holy Qur’an, the final revealed scripture, superseding all other previous scriptures requires particular explanations. For example, the two ancient Hebrew Scriptures, which were revealed to the Israelites, the Torah (Tawrat) and the Psalms (Zabur), and which were authored by Prophet Moses and Prophet David respectively, were superseded by the Gospel (Injeel). The Gospel (Injeel) was revealed to the final Israelite prophet, Jesus Christ. These processes of superseding took several hundreds of years in between them, with changing civilisations. The Gospel (Injeel) was superseded by the Holy Qur’an more than 600 years after the birth of Jesus Christ. There shall never be another revealed scripture after the Holy Qur’an and the Holy Qur’an shall not be superseded and shall remain intact and original. This puts to closure three very important points: 1. Firstly, there shall not be another Sharia. 2. Secondly, there shall not be another prophet to receive any further Sharia. 3. Thirdly the Sharia which was received and introduced by Prophet Muhammad (pbuh), was the final Sharia and shall remain to be the currently valid Sharia indefinitely, till the end of this world. An obvious question which arises is: How can 1.9 Billion Muslims carry on into the future without any Divine leadership such as a prophet and periodic updates till the end of this world? 5 2012 ©Jalal Ud Dean
  • 6. The answer lies within the current Sharia and the need to understand this best is with quotations from the Holy Qur’an and the Hadith. It is now timely to mention the purpose and function of Mujaddid. A Mujaddid is a maintenance manager of the religion of Islam, as a reviver, selectively appointed by Allah; and that person is informed by Allah’s angels of his appointment as the Mujaddid at the head of the emergence of an Islamic Century (Hijri), at that point in time. The Divine authority for commencement and continuation of the arrival of Mujaddid every Islamic Century (Hijri) is in the Holy Qur’an at 24:55, as “Allah has promised to those of you who believe and do good that He will surely make them rulers in the earth as He made those before them rulers, and that He will surely establish for them their religion, which He has chosen for them, and that He will surely give them security in exchange after their fear. They will serve Me, not associating aught with Me. And whoever is ungrateful after this, they are the transgressors.” It should be noted that the non-acceptance of the valid Mujaddid is a serious sin, as the Holy Qur’an has described non-accepting persons as “transgressors.” This must be read in conjunction with the earlier ordinance in the Holy Qur’an at 4:69, as “And as for those who reject Our messages, chastisement will afflict them because they transgressed.” Perhaps it is timely to remind the reader, that after the death of Rasul-Allah, it is indeed a heinous sin for any person of any capacity or description whatsoever, to claim any form of prophet-hood after the revealed verse at 33:40 which testifies as “Muhammad is not the father of any of your men, but he is the Messenger of Allah and the Seal of the prophets. And Allah is ever Knower of all things.” There is also need to take a navigational run through some of the Hadith, where Rasul-Allah has assured that such maintenance managers to the religion of Islam, as revivers, shall be coming at the head of each of emergence of an Islamic Century (Hijri), at that point in time. Some of these Hadith quotes are as follows: 1. "Allah shall raise for this Ummah at the head of every century a man who shall renew (or revive) for it its religion." (Sunan Abu Dawood, Book 37: Kitab al-Malahim [Battles], Hâdith Number 4278). 2. “Surely Allah will raise up for His people in the beginning of every Century (Hijri) one who will revive for it its religion” (Abu Dawood, 36:1). 3. "The Israelites used to be led by prophets; whenever a prophet died, another came after him. After me there is no prophet, but there will be khalifas and there will be many." (Bukhari, book 60, ch. 50) In addition, to exemplify further, there is need to draw an analogy, with a very large and sprawling building structure, which is there to stay forever, but needs a dedicated maintenance program manager at regular intervals, so that the building structure retains its originality indefinitely into the future. The landlord of that building structure must foresee the future, and have in place a contracted maintenance manager, to revive the tenancy demand for that building. Consequently, over several decades, perhaps the roof of the building structure needs repainting; perhaps the exterior and interior paintwork has faded or peeling off, and also needs repainting; perhaps some of the electrical are out of date and in dangerous condition and need replacement, etc, etc. If the building is not maintained at regular intervals by the contracted maintenance manager, in all probability, some of the tenants of that building would vacate the neglected dilapidated building and then relocate to another building, which is directly in open competition and very much up to date and attractive. 6 2012 ©Jalal Ud Dean
  • 7. The following point must be noted in this analogy: The contracted maintenance manager can only refurbish the building, following the original blueprint of the building plans; but he is not permitted to either become the owner of the building, or alter the general structure of the building, or for that matter commence construction of a new building structure. Insofar as the global survival of Islam matters on the long haul, the “building structure” landlord in the previous paragraph, is Allah, the periodic contracted maintenance manager is a Mujaddid, the blueprint plans is the current Islamic Sharia, and the existing tenants are the Muslim population throughout the world. The “other buildings in open competition” are other religions, which are ever ready to systematically crush our beloved Islam into non-existence at any time. Taking the above analogy into consideration, the dire need to have a Mujaddid at the head of every Islamic Century (Hijri) as the “maintenance manager” or reviver, becomes potentially compulsory to save Islam from being enviously crushed by other religions. There are certain fundamental rules, which the Mujaddid must never do: 1. He cannot introduce anything new to Islam which is contrary to the Holy Qur’an. 2. He must not assume or declare himself a prophet (both Nabi and Rasul) after the line of prophet-hood ceased with Rasul-Allah the Final Prophet (see quote above in Holy Qur’an 33:40). 3. He must never introduce a new Sharia contradicting the existing Sharia. 4. He must never introduce a new Scripture replacing or substituting the Holy Qur’an. 5. He must not introduce a new religion either in competition with Islam or replacing Islam. 6. He must not use religion to gain worldly fame. 7. He must not fail to defend Islam each time the need arises. 8. He must not forget to remove Bid’a from Sunnah. When referring to the list of Mujaddid who have already served their terms according to the Islamic Century (Hijri) of their proclamation by an angel, it is important to fully understand why some Centuries had more than one Mujaddid. The explanation rests with global activities against Islam, with every attempt made to crush Islam. These were the Crusades, the amalgamated armies of mainly Christian countries against Islam. In the main, there were four Major Crusades and five minor Crusades. The first Crusade commenced and lasted 1071 – 1101 and the last Crusade was from 1271-1272. In all Crusades, millions died as result of battle casualties on both Christian sides and Muslim sides. At the peaking heights of those nine Crusades 1071 to 1272, it was necessary for Allah in His superlative wisdom to send two Mujaddid in certain Islamic Centuries and those decisions were not only defensive, but also inspirational to bolster Islam with greater defensiveness. In addition, Mujaddid always came at times when Islam was at its lowest ebb and most highly vulnerable by other pressure groups, and considered necessary to defend Islam to the full. 7 2012 ©Jalal Ud Dean
  • 8. Part 1 (Prophets, some as “Rasul” and some as “Nabi” Mentioned in the Holy Qur’an) Sequentially Listed Was he a Was he a Was he Was he a Name of His Would He Community Prophets in Islam Prophet? Rasul or a a Reformer Revealed Reappear as He Served as Messenger? Nabi? or a Scripture Rasul or Nabi the Dedicated (Spread out throughout the Mujaddid? (Holy Book) in Future? Prophet Holy Qur’an). (Arabic names in italics) Adam (Adam) Yes Yes Yes No Scrolls of No Human Adam descendants Noah (Nuh) Yes Yes Yes No X No The new Descendants of Noah (after the great flood) Enoch (Idris) Yes Yes Yes No X No Eber (Hud) Yes Yes Yes No X No Community of Ad (now called Yemen) Saleh (Salih) Yes Yes Yes No X No Community of Thamud Abraham (Ibrahim) Yes Yes Yes No Scrolls of No Descendants Abraham of Abraham (Semitic) Lot (Lut) Yes Yes Yes No X No Communities of Sodom and Gomorrah Ishmael (Ishma’l) Yes No Yes No X No Communities of Arabic Descents Isaac (Is’haq) Yes No Yes No X No Communities of Canaan Jacob (Yakub) Yes No Yes No X No Twelve Tribes of Israel Joseph (Yusuf) Yes No Yes No X No Coptic Communities (Egypt) Job (Aiyub) Yes No Yes No X No Community of Job Jethro (Shua’b) Yes Yes Yes No X No The Medianites Moses (Musa) Yes Yes Yes No Torah No Twelve Tribes (Tawrat) of Israel and the Coptics Aaron (Haroon) Yes No Yes No X No Twelve Tribes of Israel and the Coptics David (Dawd) Yes Yes Yes No Psalms No Israelites 8 2012 ©Jalal Ud Dean
  • 9. (Zabur) Solomon (Suleiman) Yes No Yes No X No Israelites Elijah (Ilyas) Yes Yes Yes No X No Communities of Elijah Elisha (Al-Yasa) Yes Yes Yes No X No Israelites Jonah (Yunus) Yes Yes Yes No X No Descendants of Jonah Ezekiel (Dhul-Kifiel) Yes Yes Yes No X No Israelites Zachariah (Zachariah) Yes No Yes No X No Israelites John the Baptist (Yahiya) Yes No Yes No X No Israelites Jesus Christ (Isa Masih) Yes Yes Yes No Gospel No Israelites (Injeel) Muhammad (Muhammad) Yes Yes Yes No Qur’an No The Entire Humanity (Al-Qur’an) 9 2012 ©Jalal Ud Dean
  • 10. Part 2 (Mujaddid (Reformers) Who Served Every Islamic Century (Hijri) After Prophet Muhammad (pbuh) Died in year AD632) Sequentially Listed Was he a Was he a Was he Was he a Name of His Would He Community Reformers (Mujaddid) in Prophet? Rasul or a a Reformer Revealed Reappear as He Appeared Islamic History Messenger? Nabi? or a Scripture Rasul or Nabi within as the Mujaddid? (Holy Book) in Future? Century’s Reformer 1st Century Hijri No No No Yes Nil No Arabia Hazrat Umar ibn Abdul Aziz 2nd Century Hijri No No No Yes Nil No Palestine Hazrat Imam Shafi & Hazrat Imam Ahmad ibn Hanbal Iraq 3rd Century Hijri No No No Yes Nil No Arabia Hazrat Abul Hassan Asha’ri & Arabia Hazrat Abu Sharh 4th Century Hijri No No No Yes Nil No Iran Hazrat Abu Ubaid Naishapuri & Hazrat Qazi Abu Bakr Arabia Baqlani 5th Century Hijri No No No Yes Nil No Iran Hazrat Imam Al-Ghazali 6th Century Hijri No No No Yes Nil No Iran Hazrat Saiyyid Abdul Qadir Jilani 7th Century Hijri No No No Yes Nil No Iran Hazrat Mueen-Ud-Din Chisti & Hazrat Imam ibn Taimiyya Turkey 8th Century Hijri No No No Yes Nil No Egypt Hazrat Hafiz ibn Hajar Asqalani & Hazrat Saleh ibn Umar Iraq 9th Century Hijri No No No Yes Nil No India Hazrat Sayyid Muhammad Jaunpuri 10th Century Hijri No No No Yes Nil No Egypt Hazrat Imam Jalaluddin Sayuti 11th Century Hijri No No No Yes Nil No India Hazrat Mujjaddid Alif Sani 12th Century Hijri No No No Yes Nil No India Hazrat Shah Waliullah Muhaddith Dehlavi 13th Century Hijri No No No Yes Nil No India Hazrat Sayyid Ahmad Barelvi 14th Century Hijri No No No Yes Nil No India Hazrat Mirza Ghulam Ahmad 15th Century: No No No Yes Nil No ??? Commenced on 21st November 1980 (In Waiting) 10 2012 ©Jalal Ud Dean
  • 11. It is for all correct thinking Muslims to guide and assist other Muslims; the Holy Qur’an has sanctioned that correct advice shall be given to those who need to be guided. This is given in the Holy Qur’an at 3:103, as “And from among you there should be a party who invite to good and enjoin the right and forbid the wrong. And these are they who are successful.” --End of Document – Fiji 11 2012 ©Jalal Ud Dean