8. Differentiation Perspectives Category Definition 1 Definition 2 Characteristics Outcome Data string of elementary symbols, such as digits or letters Reasoning, calculation, discussion No apparent useful meaning curiosity Information the connotation of evaluated, validated or useful data communication or reception of knowledge or intelligence data made meaningful by being put into a context Understanding Knowledge a higher degree of validity than information" and "has the characteristic of information shared and agreed upon the condition of apprehending truth or fact through reasoning data made meaningful through a set of beliefs about the causal relationships, gained through either inference or experience Decision and action Intelligence form of information but it is also "a measure of reasoning capacity the ability to understand and to apply knowledge data made meaningful through learning founded on post action experience active learning (include post action learning)