When best to use the %let statement, the symput routine, or the into clause to create macro variables

When Best to Use the %LET Statement, the SYMPUT Routine, or the INTO Clause to Create Macro Variables Arthur Li Department of Information Science City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center Duarte, CA

INTRODUCTION DATA Step PROC Steps SAS Macro Facility BASE SAS Use to generate SAS codes more… PROC SQL

INTRODUCTION DATA Step PROC Steps SAS Macro Facility BASE SAS more… PROC SQL ,[object Object],[object Object],SAS Macro Variables SAS Macro Programs Prerequisites: Focus of this talk

INTRODUCTION DATA Step PROC Steps SAS Macro Facility BASE SAS more… PROC SQL ,[object Object],[object Object],SAS Macro Variables SAS Macro Programs Prerequisites: SAS Macro Variables SAS Macro Variables Automatic User- Defined Focus of this talk

THE %LET STATEMENT ,[object Object],%LET MACRO-VARIABLE = VALUE; %let var1 = 4 + 3; ,[object Object],MACRO-VARIABLE var1 VALUE 4 + 3 ,[object Object]

THE %LET STATEMENT ,[object Object],%LET MACRO-VARIABLE = VALUE; %let var2 = leading blank; ,[object Object],MACRO-VARIABLE var2 VALUE leading blank ,[object Object]

THE %LET STATEMENT ,[object Object],%LET MACRO-VARIABLE = VALUE; %let var3 = " quotations "; ,[object Object],MACRO-VARIABLE var3 VALUE “ quotations ” ,[object Object]

THE %LET STATEMENT ,[object Object],%LET MACRO-VARIABLE = VALUE; ,[object Object]

REFERENCING MACRO VARIABLES ,[object Object],%let ht = 63; ht 63 User-Defined Macro Variables: … … SYSTIME 10:34 SYSDAY Monday SYSDATE 19JUN06 SAS Automatic Macro Variables: Global Symbol Table

REFERENCING MACRO VARIABLES ,[object Object],%let ht = 63; data ex1; set height; tall = height > &ht; run ; ht 63 & MACRO-VARIABLE 63 ,[object Object],“ & MACRO-VARIABLE” User-Defined Macro Variables: … … SYSTIME 10:34 SYSDAY Monday SYSDATE 19JUN06 SAS Automatic Macro Variables: Global Symbol Table

UNDERSTANDING SAS PROCESSING ,[object Object],Compilation phase Each statement is scanned for syntax errors Execution phase The DATA step reads and processes the input data the descriptor portion is created If there is no syntax error Done in the compiler How are the SAS statements transferred to the compiler? A DATA step is processed in sequence in two phases

UNDERSTANDING SAS PROCESSING ,[object Object],data ex1; set height; tall = height > 63 ; run ; INPUT STACK

[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],UNDERSTANDING SAS PROCESSING WORD SCANNER TOKENNIZER DETERMINE DESTINATION COMPILER INPUT STACK data ex1; set height; tall = height > 63 ; run ;

data UNDERSTANDING SAS PROCESSING WORD SCANNER TOKENNIZER DETERMINE DESTINATION COMPILER INPUT STACK ex1; set height; tall = height > 63 ; run ;

ex1 data UNDERSTANDING SAS PROCESSING WORD SCANNER TOKENNIZER DETERMINE DESTINATION COMPILER INPUT STACK ; set height; tall = height > 63 ; run ;

; ex1 data UNDERSTANDING SAS PROCESSING WORD SCANNER TOKENNIZER DETERMINE DESTINATION COMPILER INPUT STACK set height; tall = height > 63 ; run ;

set ; ex1 data UNDERSTANDING SAS PROCESSING WORD SCANNER TOKENNIZER DETERMINE DESTINATION COMPILER INPUT STACK height; tall = height > 63 ; run ;

height set ; data ex1 UNDERSTANDING SAS PROCESSING WORD SCANNER TOKENNIZER DETERMINE DESTINATION COMPILER INPUT STACK ; tall = height > 63 ; run ;

; height set data ex1; UNDERSTANDING SAS PROCESSING WORD SCANNER TOKENNIZER DETERMINE DESTINATION COMPILER INPUT STACK tall = height > 63 ; run ;

tall ; height data ex1; set UNDERSTANDING SAS PROCESSING WORD SCANNER TOKENNIZER DETERMINE DESTINATION COMPILER INPUT STACK = height > 63 ; run ;

= tall ; data ex1; set height UNDERSTANDING SAS PROCESSING WORD SCANNER TOKENNIZER DETERMINE DESTINATION COMPILER INPUT STACK height > 63 ; run ;

height = tall data ex1; set height; UNDERSTANDING SAS PROCESSING WORD SCANNER TOKENNIZER DETERMINE DESTINATION COMPILER INPUT STACK > 63 ; run ;

> height = data ex1; set height; tall UNDERSTANDING SAS PROCESSING WORD SCANNER TOKENNIZER DETERMINE DESTINATION COMPILER INPUT STACK 63 ; run ;

63 > height data ex1; set height; tall = UNDERSTANDING SAS PROCESSING WORD SCANNER TOKENNIZER DETERMINE DESTINATION COMPILER INPUT STACK ; run ;

; 63 > data ex1; set height; tall = height UNDERSTANDING SAS PROCESSING WORD SCANNER TOKENNIZER DETERMINE DESTINATION COMPILER INPUT STACK run ;

run ; 63 data ex1; set height; tall = height > UNDERSTANDING SAS PROCESSING WORD SCANNER TOKENNIZER DETERMINE DESTINATION COMPILER INPUT STACK ;

; run ; data ex1; set height; tall = height > 63 UNDERSTANDING SAS PROCESSING WORD SCANNER TOKENNIZER DETERMINE DESTINATION COMPILER INPUT STACK

; run data ex1; set height; tall = height > 63 ; UNDERSTANDING SAS PROCESSING WORD SCANNER TOKENNIZER DETERMINE DESTINATION COMPILER INPUT STACK

; data ex1; set height; tall = height > 63 ; run UNDERSTANDING SAS PROCESSING WORD SCANNER TOKENNIZER DETERMINE DESTINATION COMPILER INPUT STACK

data ex1; set height; tall = height > 63 ; run ; ,[object Object],UNDERSTANDING SAS PROCESSING Compilation phase Each statement is scanned for syntax errors. Execution phase The DATA step reads and processes the input data. If there is no syntax error WORD SCANNER TOKENNIZER DETERMINE DESTINATION COMPILER INPUT STACK

UNDERSTANDING SAS PROCESSING Types of Token Contains … Examples Literal Characters enclosed in quotation marks “ John” ‘John’ Numerals including decimals, E-notation, date, time, datetime constants, and hexadecimal constants 555 ‘ 01mar2010’d 30e4 Number Characters that begin with a letter or underscore and that continues with underscores, letters, or numbers. A period can sometimes be part of a name _n_ means dollar9.2 Descending Name Characters other than a letter, number, or underscore that have a special meaning to the SAS system Special character / + % & . ;

[object Object],[object Object],MACRO PROCESSING WORD SCANNER TOKENNIZER DETERMINE DESTINATION COMPILER INPUT STACK %let ht =63; data ex1; set height; tall =height >&ht; run ; MACRO PROCESSOR

[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],MACRO PROCESSING WORD SCANNER TOKENNIZER DETERMINE DESTINATION COMPILER INPUT STACK %let ht =63; data ex1; set height; tall =height >&ht; run ; MACRO PROCESSOR

% MACRO PROCESSING WORD SCANNER TOKENNIZER DETERMINE DESTINATION COMPILER INPUT STACK let ht =63; data ex1; set height; tall =height >&ht; run ; MACRO PROCESSOR

let % ,[object Object],MACRO PROCESSING WORD SCANNER TOKENNIZER DETERMINE DESTINATION COMPILER INPUT STACK ht =63; data ex1; set height; tall =height >&ht; run ; MACRO PROCESSOR

ht let % MACRO PROCESSING WORD SCANNER TOKENNIZER DETERMINE DESTINATION COMPILER INPUT STACK =63; data ex1; set height; tall =height >&ht; run ; MACRO PROCESSOR

= ht let % MACRO PROCESSING WORD SCANNER TOKENNIZER DETERMINE DESTINATION COMPILER INPUT STACK 63; data ex1; set height; tall =height >&ht; run ; MACRO PROCESSOR GLOBAL SYMBOL TABLE SAS Automatic Macro Variables SYSDATE 19JUN06 SYSDAT Monday SYSTIME 10:34 . . . User-Defined Macro Variables

; 63 = ht MACRO PROCESSING WORD SCANNER TOKENNIZER DETERMINE DESTINATION COMPILER INPUT STACK data ex1; set height; tall =height >&ht; run ; MACRO PROCESSOR GLOBAL SYMBOL TABLE SAS Automatic Macro Variables SYSDATE 19JUN06 SYSDAT Monday SYSTIME 10:34 . . . User-Defined Macro Variables

data ; 63 = MACRO PROCESSING WORD SCANNER TOKENNIZER DETERMINE DESTINATION COMPILER INPUT STACK ex1; set height; tall =height >&ht; run ; MACRO PROCESSOR GLOBAL SYMBOL TABLE SAS Automatic Macro Variables SYSDATE 19JUN06 SYSDAT Monday SYSTIME 10:34 . . . User-Defined Macro Variables ht

ex1 data ; 63 ,[object Object],MACRO PROCESSING WORD SCANNER TOKENNIZER DETERMINE DESTINATION COMPILER INPUT STACK ; set height; tall =height >&ht; run ; MACRO PROCESSOR GLOBAL SYMBOL TABLE SAS Automatic Macro Variables SYSDATE 19JUN06 SYSDAT Monday SYSTIME 10:34 . . . User-Defined Macro Variables ht

; ex1 data MACRO PROCESSING WORD SCANNER TOKENNIZER DETERMINE DESTINATION COMPILER INPUT STACK set height; tall =height >&ht; run ; MACRO PROCESSOR GLOBAL SYMBOL TABLE SAS Automatic Macro Variables SYSDATE 19JUN06 SYSDAT Monday SYSTIME 10:34 . . . User-Defined Macro Variables ht 63

set ; ex1 data MACRO PROCESSING WORD SCANNER TOKENNIZER DETERMINE DESTINATION COMPILER INPUT STACK height; tall =height >&ht; run ; MACRO PROCESSOR GLOBAL SYMBOL TABLE SAS Automatic Macro Variables SYSDATE 19JUN06 SYSDAT Monday SYSTIME 10:34 . . . User-Defined Macro Variables ht 63

height set ; data ex1 MACRO PROCESSING WORD SCANNER TOKENNIZER DETERMINE DESTINATION COMPILER INPUT STACK ; tall =height >&ht; run ; MACRO PROCESSOR GLOBAL SYMBOL TABLE SAS Automatic Macro Variables SYSDATE 19JUN06 SYSDAT Monday SYSTIME 10:34 . . . User-Defined Macro Variables ht 63

; height set data ex1; MACRO PROCESSING WORD SCANNER TOKENNIZER DETERMINE DESTINATION COMPILER INPUT STACK tall =height >&ht; run ; MACRO PROCESSOR GLOBAL SYMBOL TABLE SAS Automatic Macro Variables SYSDATE 19JUN06 SYSDAT Monday SYSTIME 10:34 . . . User-Defined Macro Variables ht 63

tall ; height data ex1; set MACRO PROCESSING WORD SCANNER TOKENNIZER DETERMINE DESTINATION COMPILER INPUT STACK =height >&ht; run ; MACRO PROCESSOR GLOBAL SYMBOL TABLE SAS Automatic Macro Variables SYSDATE 19JUN06 SYSDAT Monday SYSTIME 10:34 . . . User-Defined Macro Variables ht 63

= tall ; data ex1; set height MACRO PROCESSING WORD SCANNER TOKENNIZER DETERMINE DESTINATION COMPILER INPUT STACK height >&ht; run ; MACRO PROCESSOR GLOBAL SYMBOL TABLE SAS Automatic Macro Variables SYSDATE 19JUN06 SYSDAT Monday SYSTIME 10:34 . . . User-Defined Macro Variables ht 63

height = tall data ex1; set Height; MACRO PROCESSING WORD SCANNER TOKENNIZER DETERMINE DESTINATION COMPILER INPUT STACK >&ht; run ; MACRO PROCESSOR GLOBAL SYMBOL TABLE SAS Automatic Macro Variables SYSDATE 19JUN06 SYSDAT Monday SYSTIME 10:34 . . . User-Defined Macro Variables ht 63

> height = data ex1; set height; tall MACRO PROCESSING WORD SCANNER TOKENNIZER DETERMINE DESTINATION COMPILER INPUT STACK &ht; run ; MACRO PROCESSOR GLOBAL SYMBOL TABLE SAS Automatic Macro Variables SYSDATE 19JUN06 SYSDAT Monday SYSTIME 10:34 . . . User-Defined Macro Variables ht 63

& > height data ex1; set height; tall = MACRO PROCESSING WORD SCANNER TOKENNIZER DETERMINE DESTINATION COMPILER INPUT STACK ht; run ; MACRO PROCESSOR GLOBAL SYMBOL TABLE SAS Automatic Macro Variables SYSDATE 19JUN06 SYSDAT Monday SYSTIME 10:34 . . . User-Defined Macro Variables ht 63

ht & > data ex1; set height; tall = height ,[object Object],MACRO PROCESSING WORD SCANNER TOKENNIZER DETERMINE DESTINATION COMPILER INPUT STACK ; run ; MACRO PROCESSOR GLOBAL SYMBOL TABLE SAS Automatic Macro Variables SYSDATE 19JUN06 SYSDAT Monday SYSTIME 10:34 . . . User-Defined Macro Variables ht 63

ht & data ex1; set height; tall = Height > MACRO PROCESSING WORD SCANNER TOKENNIZER DETERMINE DESTINATION COMPILER INPUT STACK ; run ; MACRO PROCESSOR GLOBAL SYMBOL TABLE SAS Automatic Macro Variables SYSDATE 19JUN06 SYSDAT Monday SYSTIME 10:34 . . . User-Defined Macro Variables ht 63

ht data ex1; set height; tall = Height > MACRO PROCESSING WORD SCANNER TOKENNIZER DETERMINE DESTINATION COMPILER INPUT STACK ; run ; MACRO PROCESSOR GLOBAL SYMBOL TABLE SAS Automatic Macro Variables SYSDATE 19JUN06 SYSDAT Monday SYSTIME 10:34 . . . User-Defined Macro Variables ht 63

ht data ex1; set height; tall = Height > ,[object Object],MACRO PROCESSING WORD SCANNER TOKENNIZER DETERMINE DESTINATION COMPILER INPUT STACK ; run ; MACRO PROCESSOR GLOBAL SYMBOL TABLE SAS Automatic Macro Variables SYSDATE 19JUN06 SYSDAT Monday SYSTIME 10:34 . . . User-Defined Macro Variables ht 63

ht data ex1; set height; tall = Height > 63 MACRO PROCESSING WORD SCANNER TOKENNIZER DETERMINE DESTINATION COMPILER INPUT STACK ; run ; MACRO PROCESSOR GLOBAL SYMBOL TABLE SAS Automatic Macro Variables SYSDATE 19JUN06 SYSDAT Monday SYSTIME 10:34 . . . User-Defined Macro Variables ht 63

data ex1; set height; tall = Height > 63 MACRO PROCESSING WORD SCANNER TOKENNIZER DETERMINE DESTINATION COMPILER INPUT STACK ; run ; MACRO PROCESSOR GLOBAL SYMBOL TABLE SAS Automatic Macro Variables SYSDATE 19JUN06 SYSDAT Monday SYSTIME 10:34 . . . User-Defined Macro Variables ht 63

data ex1; set height; tall = Height > MACRO PROCESSING WORD SCANNER TOKENNIZER DETERMINE DESTINATION COMPILER INPUT STACK 63 ; run ; MACRO PROCESSOR GLOBAL SYMBOL TABLE SAS Automatic Macro Variables SYSDATE 19JUN06 SYSDAT Monday SYSTIME 10:34 . . . User-Defined Macro Variables ht 63

63 data ex1; set height; tall = Height > MACRO PROCESSING WORD SCANNER TOKENNIZER DETERMINE DESTINATION COMPILER INPUT STACK ; run ; MACRO PROCESSOR GLOBAL SYMBOL TABLE SAS Automatic Macro Variables SYSDATE 19JUN06 SYSDAT Monday SYSTIME 10:34 . . . User-Defined Macro Variables ht 63

; 63 data ex1; set height; tall = Height > MACRO PROCESSING WORD SCANNER TOKENNIZER DETERMINE DESTINATION COMPILER INPUT STACK run ; MACRO PROCESSOR GLOBAL SYMBOL TABLE SAS Automatic Macro Variables SYSDATE 19JUN06 SYSDAT Monday SYSTIME 10:34 . . . User-Defined Macro Variables ht 63

run ; 63 data ex1; set height; tall = Height > MACRO PROCESSING WORD SCANNER TOKENNIZER DETERMINE DESTINATION COMPILER INPUT STACK ; MACRO PROCESSOR GLOBAL SYMBOL TABLE SAS Automatic Macro Variables SYSDATE 19JUN06 SYSDAT Monday SYSTIME 10:34 . . . User-Defined Macro Variables ht 63

; run ; data ex1; set height; tall = Height > 63 MACRO PROCESSING WORD SCANNER TOKENNIZER DETERMINE DESTINATION COMPILER INPUT STACK MACRO PROCESSOR GLOBAL SYMBOL TABLE SAS Automatic Macro Variables SYSDATE 19JUN06 SYSDAT Monday SYSTIME 10:34 . . . User-Defined Macro Variables ht 63

; run data ex1; set height; tall = Height > 63 ; MACRO PROCESSING WORD SCANNER TOKENNIZER DETERMINE DESTINATION COMPILER INPUT STACK MACRO PROCESSOR GLOBAL SYMBOL TABLE SAS Automatic Macro Variables SYSDATE 19JUN06 SYSDAT Monday SYSTIME 10:34 . . . User-Defined Macro Variables ht 63

; data ex1; set height; tall = Height > 63 ; run MACRO PROCESSING WORD SCANNER TOKENNIZER DETERMINE DESTINATION COMPILER INPUT STACK MACRO PROCESSOR GLOBAL SYMBOL TABLE SAS Automatic Macro Variables SYSDATE 19JUN06 SYSDAT Monday SYSTIME 10:34 . . . User-Defined Macro Variables ht 63

data ex1; set height; tall = Height > 63 ; run; MACRO PROCESSING WORD SCANNER TOKENNIZER DETERMINE DESTINATION COMPILER INPUT STACK MACRO PROCESSOR GLOBAL SYMBOL TABLE SAS Automatic Macro Variables SYSDATE 19JUN06 SYSDAT Monday SYSTIME 10:34 . . . User-Defined Macro Variables ht 63

PROCESSING MACRO VARIABLES AT EXECUTION TIME ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

PROCESSING MACRO VARIABLES AT EXECUTION TIME ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Ex1: 64 62 60 65 height 1 f Helen 4 0 f Mary 3 0 m Tom 2 1 m John 1 tall sex name

PROCESSING MACRO VARIABLES AT EXECUTION TIME Ex1: data _null_ ; set ex1 end=last; if tall then count_tall + 1 ; if last then do ; if count_tall then do ; %let titl = "Some students are taller than 63 inches"; end ; else do ; %let titl = "None of the students are taller than 63 inches"; end ; end ; run ; 64 62 60 65 height 1 f Helen 4 0 f Mary 3 0 m Tom 2 1 m John 1 tall sex name

PROCESSING MACRO VARIABLES AT EXECUTION TIME Ex1: proc print data =ex1; title &titl; run ; None of the students are taller than 63 inches Obs name sex height tall 1 John m 65 1 2 Tom m 60 0 3 Mary f 62 0 4 Helen f 64 1 64 62 60 65 height 1 f Helen 4 0 f Mary 3 0 m Tom 2 1 m John 1 tall sex name

PROCESSING MACRO VARIABLES AT EXECUTION TIME WORD SCANNER TOKENNIZER DETERMINE DESTINATION COMPILER INPUT STACK data _null_ ; set ex1 end=last; if tall then count_tall + 1 ; if last then do ; if count_tall then do ; %let titl ="Some students are taller than 63 inches"; end ; else do ; %let titl = "None of the students are taller than 63 inches"; end ; end ; run ; MACRO PROCESSOR GLOBAL SYMBOL TABLE SAS Automatic Macro Variables SYSDATE 19JUN06 SYSDAT Monday SYSTIME 10:34 . . User-Defined Macro Variables

titl let % data _null_ ; set ex1 end=last; if tall then count_tall + 1 ; if last then do ; if count_tall then do ; PROCESSING MACRO VARIABLES AT EXECUTION TIME WORD SCANNER TOKENNIZER DETERMINE DESTINATION COMPILER INPUT STACK ="Some students are taller than 63 inches"; end ; else do ; %let titl = "None of the students are taller than 63 inches"; end ; end ; run ; MACRO PROCESSOR GLOBAL SYMBOL TABLE SAS Automatic Macro Variables SYSDATE 19JUN06 SYSDAT Monday SYSTIME 10:34 . . User-Defined Macro Variables

; do else data _null_ ; set ex1 end=last; if tall then count_tall + 1 ; if last then do ; if count_tall then do ; end ; PROCESSING MACRO VARIABLES AT EXECUTION TIME WORD SCANNER TOKENNIZER DETERMINE DESTINATION COMPILER INPUT STACK %let titl = "None of the students are taller than 63 inches"; end ; end ; run ; MACRO PROCESSOR GLOBAL SYMBOL TABLE SAS Automatic Macro Variables SYSDATE 19JUN06 SYSDAT Monday SYSTIME 10:34 . . User-Defined Macro Variables Titl Some students are taller than 63 inches

% ; do data _null_ ; set ex1 end=last; if tall then count_tall + 1 ; if last then do ; if count_tall then do ; end ; else PROCESSING MACRO VARIABLES AT EXECUTION TIME WORD SCANNER TOKENNIZER DETERMINE DESTINATION COMPILER INPUT STACK let titl = "None of the students are taller than 63 inches"; end ; end ; run ; MACRO PROCESSOR GLOBAL SYMBOL TABLE SAS Automatic Macro Variables SYSDATE 19JUN06 SYSDAT Monday SYSTIME 10:34 . . User-Defined Macro Variables Titl Some students are taller than 63 inches

titl let % data _null_ ; set ex1 end=last; if tall then count_tall + 1 ; if last then do ; if count_tall then do ; end ; else do ; PROCESSING MACRO VARIABLES AT EXECUTION TIME WORD SCANNER TOKENNIZER DETERMINE DESTINATION COMPILER INPUT STACK = "None of the students are taller than 63 inches"; end ; end ; run ; MACRO PROCESSOR GLOBAL SYMBOL TABLE SAS Automatic Macro Variables SYSDATE 19JUN06 SYSDAT Monday SYSTIME 10:34 . . User-Defined Macro Variables Titl Some students are taller than 63 inches

let % ; data _null_ ; set ex1 end=last; if tall then count_tall + 1 ; if last then do ; if count_tall then do ; end ; else do PROCESSING MACRO VARIABLES AT EXECUTION TIME WORD SCANNER TOKENNIZER DETERMINE DESTINATION COMPILER INPUT STACK titl = "None of the students are taller than 63 inches"; end ; end ; run ; MACRO PROCESSOR GLOBAL SYMBOL TABLE SAS Automatic Macro Variables SYSDATE 19JUN06 SYSDAT Monday SYSTIME 10:34 . . User-Defined Macro Variables Titl Some students are taller than 63 inches

; end data _null_ ; set ex1 end=last; if tall then count_tall + 1 ; if last then do ; if count_tall then do ; end ; else do ; PROCESSING MACRO VARIABLES AT EXECUTION TIME WORD SCANNER TOKENNIZER DETERMINE DESTINATION COMPILER INPUT STACK end ; run ; MACRO PROCESSOR GLOBAL SYMBOL TABLE SAS Automatic Macro Variables SYSDATE 19JUN06 SYSDAT Monday SYSTIME 10:34 . . User-Defined Macro Variables Titl None of the students are taller than 63 inches

data _null_ ; set ex1 end=last; if tall then count_tall + 1 ; if last then do ; if count_tall then do ; end ; else do ; end ; end ; run ; PROCESSING MACRO VARIABLES AT EXECUTION TIME WORD SCANNER TOKENNIZER DETERMINE DESTINATION COMPILER INPUT STACK MACRO PROCESSOR GLOBAL SYMBOL TABLE SAS Automatic Macro Variables SYSDATE 19JUN06 SYSDAT Monday SYSTIME 10:34 . . User-Defined Macro Variables Titl None of the students are taller than 63 inches

PROCESSING MACRO VARIABLES AT EXECUTION TIME Ex1: data _null_ ; set ex1 end=last; if tall then count_tall + 1 ; if last then do ; if count_tall then do ; %let titl = "Some students are taller than 63 inches"; end ; else do ; %let titl = "None of the students are taller than 63 inches"; end ; end ; run ; Here is what the program will look like when it is processed by the compiler 64 62 60 65 height 1 f Helen 4 0 f Mary 3 0 m Tom 2 1 m John 1 tall sex name

THE SYMPUT ROUTINE ,[object Object],CALL SYMPUT (MACRO-VARIABLE, VALUE); ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

THE SYMPUT ROUTINE CALL SYMPUT (MACRO-VARIABLE, VALUE); ,[object Object],‘ MACRO-VARIABLE’: Text enclosed in the quotation marks is the exact macro variable name ‘ VALUE’: The exact value that is assigned to the MACRO-VARIABLE

THE SYMPUT ROUTINE data _null_ ; set ex1 end=last; if tall then count_tall + 1 ; if last then do ; if count_tall then do ; call symput( 'titl' , 'Some students are taller than 63 inches' ); end ; else do ; call symput( 'titl' , 'None of the students are taller than 63 inches' ); end ; end ; run ; ,[object Object]

THE SYMPUT ROUTINE proc print data =ex1; title &titl; run ; Some students are taller than 63 inches Obs name sex height tall 1 John m 65 1 2 Tom m 60 0 3 Mary f 62 0 4 Helen f 64 1

THE SYMPUT ROUTINE CALL SYMPUT (MACRO-VARIABLE, VALUE); ,[object Object],A DATA step variable; not in quotation marks ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

THE SYMPUT ROUTINE ,[object Object],Height: 64 62 60 65 height f Helen 4 f Mary 3 m Tom 2 m John 1 sex name 64 Helen_ht 62 Mary_ht 60 Tom_ht 65 John_ht Values Macro Variable Names

THE SYMPUT ROUTINE data _null_ ; set height; if name = 'John' then call symput ( 'John_ht' , height); else if name = 'Tom' then call symput ( 'Tom_ht' , height); else if name = 'Mary' then call symput ( 'Mary_ht' , height); else if name = 'Helen' then call symput ( 'Helen_ht' , height); run ; Height: HEIGHT is not in quotation marks 64 62 60 65 height f Helen 4 f Mary 3 m Tom 2 m John 1 sex name

THE SYMPUT ROUTINE %put macro variable John_ht: &John_ht; %put macro variable Tom_ht: &Tom_ht; %put macro variable Mary_ht: &Mary_ht; %put macro variable Helen_ht: &Helen_ht; Height: 359 %put macro variable John_ht: &John_ht; macro variable John_ht: 65 360 %put macro variable Tom_ht: &Tom_ht; macro variable Tom_ht: 60 361 %put macro variable Mary_ht: &Mary_ht; macro variable Mary_ht: 62 362 %put macro variable Helen_ht: &Helen_ht; macro variable Helen_ht: 64 Log: 64 62 60 65 height f Helen 4 f Mary 3 m Tom 2 m John 1 sex name

THE SYMPUT ROUTINE CALL SYMPUT (MACRO-VARIABLE, VALUE); ,[object Object],A DATA step variable; not in quotation marks ,[object Object],[object Object]

THE SYMPUT ROUTINE ,[object Object],Height: 64 62 60 65 height f Helen 4 f Mary 3 m Tom 2 m John 1 sex name 64 Helen 62 Mary 60 Tom 65 John Values Macro Variable Names

THE SYMPUT ROUTINE Height: data _null_ ; set height; call symput (name, height); run ; NAME is not in quotation marks 64 62 60 65 height f Helen 4 f Mary 3 m Tom 2 m John 1 sex name

THE SYMPUT ROUTINE Height: %put macro variable John: &John; %put macro variable Tom: &Tom; %put macro variable Mary: &Mary; %put macro variable Helen: &Helen; 368 %put macro variable John: &John; macro variable John: 65 369 %put macro variable Tom: &Tom; macro variable Tom: 60 370 %put macro variable Mary: &Mary; macro variable Mary: 62 371 %put macro variable Helen: &Helen; macro variable Helen: 64 Log: Notice that “blanks” are part of the macro variables 64 62 60 65 height f Helen 4 f Mary 3 m Tom 2 m John 1 sex name

THE SYMPUT ROUTINE CALL SYMPUT (MACRO-VARIABLE, VALUE); ,[object Object],A DATA step expression A DATA step expression

THE SYMPUT ROUTINE ,[object Object],Height: ,[object Object],64 62 60 65 height f Helen 4 f Mary 3 m Tom 2 m John 1 sex name 64 height_Helen 62 height_Mary 60 height_Tom 65 height_John Values Macro Variable Names

THE SYMPUT ROUTINE Height: data _null_ ; set height; call symput ( "height_" ||name, trim(left(height))); run ; 64 62 60 65 height f Helen 4 f Mary 3 m Tom 2 m John 1 sex name

THE SYMPUT ROUTINE Height: %put macro variable height_John: &height_John; %put macro variable height_Tom: &height_Tom; %put macro variable height_Mary: &height_Mary; %put macro variable height_Helen: &height_Helen; 411 %put macro variable height_John: &height_John; macro variable height_John: 65 412 %put macro variable height_Tom: &height_Tom; macro variable height_Tom: 60 413 %put macro variable height_Mary: &height_Mary; macro variable height_Mary: 62 414 %put macro variable height_Helen: &height_Helen; macro variable height_Helen: 64 Log: 64 62 60 65 height f Helen 4 f Mary 3 m Tom 2 m John 1 sex name

THE SYMPUTX ROUTINE ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],data _null_ ; set height; call symputx ( "height_" ||name, height); run ;

THE SYMPUTX ROUTINE %put macro variable height_John: &height_John; %put macro variable height_Tom: &height_Tom; %put macro variable height_Mary: &height_Mary; %put macro variable height_Helen: &height_Helen; 429 %put macro variable height_John: &height_John; macro variable height_John: 65 430 %put macro variable height_Tom: &height_Tom; macro variable height_Tom: 60 431 %put macro variable height_Mary: &height_Mary; macro variable height_Mary: 62 432 %put macro variable height_Helen: &height_Helen; macro variable height_Helen: 64 Log:

THE SYMPUTX ROUTINE ,[object Object],CALL SYMPUTX CALL SYMPUT Does not write a note to the SAS log when the 2 nd argument is numeric Writes a note to the SAS log when the 2 nd argument is numeric Uses a field width of up to 32 characters for converting a numeric 2 nd argument to characters Uses a field width of up to 12 characters for converting a numeric 2 nd argument to characters Left-justifies both arguments and trims trailing blanks Does not left-justify the arguments and trims trailing blanks from the first argument only Enables you to specify the symbol table Does not enable you to specify the symbol table

PROCESSING MACRO VARIABLES DURING THE EXECUTION OF PROC SQL ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

PROCESSING MACRO VARIABLES DURING THE EXECUTION OF PROC SQL ,[object Object],PROC SQL <PRINT|NOPRINT>; SELECT column1 <, column2, …> INTO :macro-variable1 <, :macro-variable2, …> FROM table |view <other clauses>; QUIT ; To select one or more columns from SQL table/view, you can specify column1, column2, … after the keyword SELECT

PROCESSING MACRO VARIABLES DURING THE EXECUTION OF PROC SQL ,[object Object],PROC SQL <PRINT|NOPRINT>; SELECT column1 <, column2, …> INTO :macro-variable1 <, :macro-variable2, …> FROM table |view <other clauses>; QUIT ; Macro-variable1, macro-variable2 are the names of the macro variables that you are creating

PROCESSING MACRO VARIABLES DURING THE EXECUTION OF PROC SQL ,[object Object],PROC SQL <PRINT|NOPRINT>; SELECT column1 <, column2, …> INTO :macro-variable1 <, :macro-variable2, …> FROM table |view <other clauses>; QUIT ; You must write colon(s) (:) before each of the macro variables

PROCESSING MACRO VARIABLES DURING THE EXECUTION OF PROC SQL ,[object Object],PROC SQL <PRINT|NOPRINT>; SELECT column1 <, column2, …> INTO :macro-variable1 <, :macro-variable2, …> FROM table |view <other clauses>; QUIT ; The INTO clause does not trim the leading and trailing blanks of the macro variables

PROCESSING MACRO VARIABLES DURING THE EXECUTION OF PROC SQL ,[object Object],PROC SQL <PRINT|NOPRINT>; SELECT column1 <, column2, …> INTO :macro-variable1 <, :macro-variable2, …> FROM table |view <other clauses>; QUIT ; To suppress display-output from PROC SQL, you can use the NOPRINT option

PROCESSING MACRO VARIABLES DURING THE EXECUTION OF PROC SQL ,[object Object],[object Object],proc sql noprint ; select mean(height) into : mean_ht from height; quit ; %put macro variable mean_ht: &mean_ht; 523 %put macro variable mean_ht: &mean_ht; macro variable mean_ht: 62.75 Log:

PROCESSING MACRO VARIABLES DURING THE EXECUTION OF PROC SQL ,[object Object],proc means data =height noprint ; var height; output out =height_mean mean =ht_mean; run ; data _null_ ; set height_mean; call symputx( 'mean_ht1' , ht_mean); run ;

PROCESSING MACRO VARIABLES DURING THE EXECUTION OF PROC SQL ,[object Object],data _null_ ; set height; if name = 'John' then call symput ( 'John_ht' , height); else if name = 'Tom' then call symput ( 'Tom_ht' , height); else if name = 'Mary' then call symput ( 'Mary_ht' , height); else if name = 'Helen' then call symput ( 'Helen_ht' , height); run ; ,[object Object],proc sql noprint ; select height into : John_ht1 from height where name = 'John' ; select height into : Tom_ht1 from height where name = 'Tom' ; select height into : Mary_ht1 from height where name = 'Mary' ; select height into : Helen_ht1 from height where name = 'Helen' ; quit ;

PROCESSING MACRO VARIABLES DURING THE EXECUTION OF PROC SQL ,[object Object],[object Object],PROC SQL <PRINT|NOPRINT>; SELECT column1 <, column2, …> INTO :macro-variable1_1 - :macro-variable1_n < NOTRIM> <, :macro-variable2_1 - :macro-variable2_n < NOTRIM>, …> FROM table |view <other clauses>; QUIT ;

PROCESSING MACRO VARIABLES DURING THE EXECUTION OF PROC SQL PROC SQL <PRINT|NOPRINT>; SELECT column1 <, column2, …> INTO :macro-variable1_1 - :macro-variable1_n < NOTRIM> <, :macro-variable2_1 - :macro-variable2_n < NOTRIM>, …> FROM table |view <other clauses>; QUIT ; into :name1 - :name4, :height1 - :height4 64 62 60 65 height f Helen 4 f Mary 3 m Tom 2 m John 1 sex name name1 name2 name3 name4 height1 height2 height3 height4

PROCESSING MACRO VARIABLES DURING THE EXECUTION OF PROC SQL PROC SQL <PRINT|NOPRINT>; SELECT column1 <, column2, …> INTO :macro-variable1_1 - :macro-variable1_n < NOTRIM> <, :macro-variable2_1 - :macro-variable2_n < NOTRIM>, …> FROM table |view <other clauses>; QUIT ; ,[object Object],[object Object]

PROCESSING MACRO VARIABLES DURING THE EXECUTION OF PROC SQL ,[object Object],proc sql noprint ; select name, height into :name1 - :name4, :height1 - :height4 from height; quit ; %put macro variable name1: &name1; %put macro variable name2: &name2; %put macro variable name3: &name3; %put macro variable name4: &name4; %put macro variable height1: &height1; %put macro variable height2: &height2; %put macro variable height3: &height3; %put macro variable height4: &height4;

PROCESSING MACRO VARIABLES DURING THE EXECUTION OF PROC SQL ,[object Object],663 %put macro variable name1: &name1; macro variable name1: John 664 %put macro variable name2: &name2; macro variable name2: Tom 665 %put macro variable name3: &name3; macro variable name3: Mary 666 %put macro variable name4: &name4; macro variable name4: Helen 667 %put macro variable height1: &height1; macro variable height1: 65 668 %put macro variable height2: &height2; macro variable height2: 60 669 %put macro variable height3: &height3; macro variable height3: 62 670 %put macro variable height4: &height4; macro variable height4: 64

PROCESSING MACRO VARIABLES DURING THE EXECUTION OF PROC SQL ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

PROCESSING MACRO VARIABLES DURING THE EXECUTION OF PROC SQL ,[object Object],PROC SQL <PRINT|NOPRINT>; SELECT column1 <, column2, …> INTO :macro-variable1 SEPARATED BY ‘delimiter1’ <, :macro-variable2 SEPARATED BY ‘delimiter2’, …> FROM table |view <other clauses>; QUIT ; Delimiter1 is used to separate all the values in the column and must be enclosed in quotation marks

PROCESSING MACRO VARIABLES DURING THE EXECUTION OF PROC SQL ,[object Object],Macro Variable Value NAMELIST John Tom Mary Helen HEIGHTLIST 65,60,62,64 64 62 60 65 height f Helen 4 f Mary 3 m Tom 2 m John 1 sex name

PROCESSING MACRO VARIABLES DURING THE EXECUTION OF PROC SQL ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],871 %put macro variable namelist: &namelist; macro variable namelist: John Tom Mary Helen 872 %put macro variable heightlist: &heightlist; macro variable heightlist: 65,60,62,64

CONCLUSION ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

REFERENCES ,[object Object],[object Object]

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT ,[object Object]

CONTACT INFORMATION ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

When best to use the %let statement, the symput routine, or the into clause to create macro variables

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When best to use the %let statement, the symput routine, or the into clause to create macro variables