2. Formulating A research problem Collecting data Processing data Writing a Research report Writing a Research proposal Research design Instrument for data collection Selecting a sample Editing Of the data Developing A code book Field test of The research tool Literature review Contents of the Research proposal Principles of Scientific writing Validity and reliability Of the research tool Study design Variables and hypotheses Sampling theory And design Methods and tools of Data collection Research design steps in formulating A research problem Methods of data processing; Use of computers and statistics Operational steps Required theoretical knowledge Required Intermediary knowledge Coding What How Conducting of the study The research process
3. Is it this simple? Subject Area Research Aim Topic Review Core Question Data needed Data gathering Method Analysis Conclusions Write up
4. The Research Process Identify topic Review the literature Identify concepts & theory Clarify research problem Research design Collection of data Analyse data Draw conclusion
11. Classification Base Study designs Types of study design Number of contacts Reference period Nature of the investigation One Two Three or more Cross sectional studies Longitudinal studies Before-and- after studies Retrospective Prospective Retrospective- prospective Experimenta l Non- Experimental Semi- Experimental
1) Often presented as a linear process 2) What is the actual experience of those who have done a research project? 3) Martin Levoi’s experience (U500 section 1!!) 4) In practice lots of feedback loops that affect all the stages. And you often need to do several tasks at once Planning and organising are important – because messy things will happen
