This document contains images and descriptions of various congenital malformations, infectious diseases, neoplasms, and other pathological conditions that can be observed in the human body. Some examples included are cleft lip, clubfoot, hydrops fetalis, measles rash, lung cancer, ascariasis, and tetralogy of Fallot. The document serves as a visual reference for various normal and abnormal anatomical structures and diseases.

1. Finals Pictures

2. Examples of Malformations
A. Polydactyly (one or more extra digits) and syndactyly (fusion of digits)
B. Cleft lip (may be with or without associated cleft palate)
C. Lethal malformation (midface structures are fused or ill-formed); external
dysmorphogenesis associated with severe internal
anomalies such as maldevelopment of the brain and cardiac
defects

3. Disruption by an amniotic
band
Disruptions (Amniotic Bands)

4. Oligohydramnios sequence
Flattened facial features
and deformed right foot
(talipes equinovarus)

5. Thalidomide Babies

6. Fetal macrosomia in Gestational
Diabetes

7. Trisomy 21 (Down’s Syndrome)

8. Trisomy 18 (Edward’s Syndrome)
• unusually small head
• back of the head is prominent
• ears are malformed and low-
set
• mouth and jaw are small (may
also have a cleft lip or cleft
palate
• hands are clenched into fists,
and the index finger overlaps
the other fingers
• Clubfeet (or rocker bottom
feet) and toes may be webbed
or fused

9. Trisomy 13 (Patau Syndrome)

10. Hyaline Membrane Disease
This is hyaline membrane disease due to
prematurity and lack of surfactant
production from type II pneumonocytes
within the immature lung. Note the thick
pink membranes lining the alveolar
spaces.

11. Necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC)

12. Necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC)
Pneumatosis
instestinalis
(air within
the intestinal
walls)
The plain abdominal film shows air in the portal vein, air in the bowel walls, and a large
pneumoperitoneum [subdiaphragmatic free air, perihepatic free air, double wall sign (blue
arrows), triangle sign (green arrows), and falciform ligament (red arrow)].

13. Hydrops Fetalis (non-immune)
Cystic
hygroma (in
fetus w/
Turner’s
syndrome)
Generalized edema from fluid collection in the soft tissues
results in hydrops fetalis. Causes: Most common are "non-
immune" types that include infections, congestive failure (from
anemia or cardiac abnormalities), and congenital anomalies.
Immune hydrops, from maternal antibody formed against fetal
red blood cells, is not common when Rh immune globulin is
employed in cases of potential Rh incompatibility.

14. Kernicterus

15. Congenital Capillary Hemangioma
At birth At 2 years
After spontaneous regression

16. Capillary Hemangioma
RBC-filled capillaries

17. Lymphangioma
Dilated lymphatic channels

18. Teratoma
Mucus-secreting glands, cartilage, bone

19. Neuroblastoma

20. Acute Myeloid Leukemia
BM expansion

21. Wilms Tumor, kidney
nests and sheets of dark blue cells at the left
with compressed normal renal parenchyma
at the right
Wilms tumor of the kidney (lobulated white-tan mass), many are associated with genetic defects on
chromosome 11.
Children present with abdominal enlargement from the mass effect.

22. Carbon monoxide poisoning
Cherry-red discoloration of the skin

23. Asbestosis
Asbestos
fiber
Tan-white pleural plaques
Asbestos fibers
coated with iron

24. Lead Toxicity

25. Arsenic poisoning

26. Dental fluorosis

27. Tetracycline-stained teeth

28. Effects of Smoking

29. ??????????

30. Liver cirrhosis in chronic alcoholism (left)
Esophageal varices associated with liver cirrhosis (right)

31. Stevens-Johnson Syndrome
SJS is defined as detachment of less
than 10% of the body surface area

32. Marasmus vs. Kwashiorkor

33. Anorexia Nervosa

34. Bulimia nervosa

36. Bitot’s spot in Vit. A deficiency

37. Rickets

38. Scurvy

39. Riboflavin deficiency

40. Chickenpox vs. Shingles

41. Mumps

45. Measles

46. Herpes Simplex

47. Cytomegalovirus
Owl-eye inclusions in the lung tissue
Blueberry-muffin baby

48. Epstein-Barr virus

49. Dengue
Herman's rash – islands of white in a sea of red

50. Human Papilloma Virus

51. Cervical Cancer

52. Poliomyelitis

53. Strep throat

54. Diphtheria

55. Gram-negative intracellular diplococci

56. Tetanus
Opisthotonus
(severe spastic paralysis)

57. Syphilis (chancre)

58. Entamoeba histolytica
(cause of amoebiasis)

59. Giardia lamblia
(Giardiasis)

60. Trichomonas vaginalis
(Trichomoniasis)
“Strawberry cervix" - cervical mucosa
reveals punctate hemorrhages with
accompanying vesicles or papules

61. Ascaris lumbricoides
(Giant intestinal roundworm)
cause of Ascariasis

62. Enterobius vermicularis
Female worms leave the rectum during the
night and deposit eggs on the perianal
skin, producing pruritus.

63. Tapeworm

64. Schistosomiasis

65. Candida albicans
(Candidiasis-oral thrush)
Yeast cells Pseudohyphae

66. Ringworm
Tinea cruris
Tinea corporis

68. Ameloblastoma

69. Pleomorphic Adenoma

70. Warthin’s Tumor

71. Mucoepidermoid Carcinoma

72. Adenoid Cystic Carcinoma

73. Aneurysm
Atherosclerotic aneurysm of
the aorta (large "bulge“ just
above the aortic bifurcation).
Prone to rupture when they
reach about 6 to 7 cm in size.
Felt on PE as a pulsatile mass
in the abdomen.

74. Arteriovenous malformation (AVM)

75. Atrial Septal Defect (ASD)

76. Ventricular Septal Defect (VSD)

77. Patent Ductus Arteriosus (PDA)

78. Tetralogy of Fallot (TOF)

79. Transposition of the Great Arteries

80. GOODLUCK! 