ANI/UKA Coaching Conference on Saturday 11th December at the University of Ulster, Jordanstown. Presentation by Andi Drake (Carnegie Director of Race Walking)

1. Planning: the 12-17 year old (endurance) athlete Dr Andi Drake Director UKA National Centre for Race Walking, Leeds Metropolitan University a.drake@leedsmet.ac.uk

3. Strategy & objectives at Carnegie PASSION DEVELOPING TALENT CHAMPIONSHIP COMPETITOR BEST IN THE WORLD? FULFIL POTENTIAL CURRENCY ATHLETES IN TEAMS Collins, J. (2004) Good to Great. Harper Business, New York.

5. Current product

6. Athlete development

8. Shared experience? Think now... ...about athletes you coach Activities at primary school? Activities at start (11) of secondary school? Activities at finish (16/18) of secondary school?

9. Activity

10. Coach

11. Activity

12. The deliberate practice framework Elite athletes: specialise in main sport at younger age than sub-elite start deliberate practice at younger age than sub-elite accumulate more deliberate practice hours than sub-elite throughout career Côté, J., Fraser-Thomas, J. Play, practice, and athlete development. In Farrow, D., Baker, J., MacMahon, C. (2008) Developing Sport Expertise. Routledge.

13. A development model of sport participation Elite athletes: sample various sports during childhood instead of specialising in one involved in greater amounts of deliberateplay than practice during childhood involved in more deliberate practice and less deliberate play during teenage and adult years Côté, J., Fraser-Thomas, J. Play, practice, and athlete development. In Farrow, D., Baker, J., MacMahon, C. (2008) Developing Sport Expertise. Routledge.

15. Deliberate practice v development model? Planning for the 12 year old athlete? Different product? Different skillset? Physically literate? Early specialisation? Challenging coaching environment Robertson, S., Hamilton, A. (2008) Long-Term Athlete Development – Canadian Sport for Life. Canadian Sport Centres, Vancouver.

17. career stage

18. year stage (macrocycle)

19. each day (microcycle)High performance career termination Introduction to sport PEAK PERFORMANCE Baker, J. Cobley, S. Does practice make perfect? In Farrow, D., Baker, J., MacMahon, C. (2008) Developing Sport Expertise. Routledge.

20. The 10-year rule Experts accumulated hours Non-experts accumulated hours Experts hours per week Non-experts hours per week Accumulated hours Hours per week Year of involvement Baker, J., Horton, S., Robertson-Wilson, J., Wall, M. (2003) Nurturing sport expertise: factors influencing the development of elite athlete. Journal of Sports Science and Medicine. 2, 1-9.

21. The 10-year rule (Damilano, S.(1993) Avviamentoalla Marcia: proposte per l’attivitàgiovaniledellefascecompresetra 12 e 17 anni. Atleticastudi. 24:6. 345-349. Drake, A. (2005) The training methods of IvanoBrugnetti and Italian race walkers. The Coach. 27. 55-61)

22. The 10-year rule 2006 2008 2010 2012 2014 (Damilano, S.(1993) Avviamentoalla Marcia: proposte per l’attivitàgiovaniledellefascecompresetra 12 e 17 anni. Atleticastudi. 24:6. 345-349. Drake, A. (2005) The training methods of IvanoBrugnetti and Italian race walkers. The Coach. 27. 55-61)

23. Training development

24. The 10-year rule Non-experts activities Experts activities Non-experts hours per week Experts hours per week # activities Hours per week Age Baker, J., Horton, S., Robertson-Wilson, J., Wall, M. (2003) Nurturing sport expertise: factors influencing the development of elite athlete. Journal of Sports Science and Medicine. 2, 1-9.

27. …flexion of knees (2) and hips (3)….

28. …extension of thoracic spine (4)…

29. …flexion and abduction of shoulders (5)Cook, G. (2001) Baseline Sports-Fitness Testing. In: B. Foran, ed.” High Performance Sports Conditioning”. Human Kinetics, Champaign.

30. External U20 athlete supportThe UKA National Race Walking Centre Run equivalent 3 km 6 x 400 m

31. External U20 athlete supportThe UKA National Race Walking Centre

33. Primary factor during developmental ages 16-24

34. Common principles

35. Training structured using sport science knowledge

36. Daily communication between athlete and coach re. health/fitness/weakness

37. Daily analysis of training and performance prevents overtraining

38. i.e. it’s well planned!Gibbons, T. (2004) Common Characteristics of Successful Endurance Programmes, Track Coach.169 5393-5408

39. Training structured using sport science knowledge

40. Training structured using sport science knowledge Physiology laboratory race walk test 2 km RW time trial n = 21 (M = 13, F = 8) v-2 kmNSp > 0.05; *p < 0.05 LactateTurnPoint Introduction Drake, A., Woolley, R., James, R., Cox, V., Godfrey, R., Brooks, S. (2007) “Prediction of velocity at maximum oxygen uptake in race walkers.” Proceedings of the 12th Annual Congress of the European College of Sport Science, Jyväskylä, Finland.

41. Coaching efficacy? Performance prediction Training zones Introduction Drake, A., Woolley, R., James, R., Cox, V., Godfrey, R., Brooks, S. (2007) “Prediction of velocity at maximum oxygen uptake in race walkers.” Proceedings of the 12th Annual Congress of the European College of Sport Science, Jyväskylä, Finland.

42. Mercier, D., Leger, L., & Desjardins, M. (1986) "Nomogram to predict performance equivalence in distance runners.” Track Technique, 94 3004-3009. Daniels, J. (2005) Daniels' Running Formula (2nd ed.) Human Kinetics.

43. Long Term Athlete Development Model

44. LTAD Model Damilano, S. (1993) Avviamentoalla Marcia: proposte per l’attivitàgiovaniledellefascecompresetra 12 e 17 anni. Atleticastudi. 24: 6. 345-349. Gordon, R. A. (2003) Shorter Guide to Long Term Athlete Development (LTAD). Amateur Swimming Association. Robertson, S., Hamilton, A. (2008) Long-Term Athlete Development – Canadian Sport for Life. Canadian Sport Centres, Vancouver.

45. LTAD Model

46. LTAD Model Damilano, S. (1993) Avviamentoalla Marcia: proposte per l’attivitàgiovaniledellefascecompresetra 12 e 17 anni. Atleticastudi. 24: 6. 345-349. Gordon, R. A. (2003) Shorter Guide to Long Term Athlete Development (LTAD). Amateur Swimming Association. Robertson, S., Hamilton, A. (2008) Long-Term Athlete Development – Canadian Sport for Life. Canadian Sport Centres, Vancouver.

48. Periodisation of training stress Morton, R. H.(2001) 'Modelling training and overtraining', Journal of Sports Sciences, 15: 3, 335 — 340

49. Talent development environments 16 UK coaches, 13 sports: five main generic characteristics of effective TDEs Long-term aims and methods Wide-ranging coherent messages and support Emphasis on appropriate development, not early success Individualized and ongoing development Integrated, holistic and systematic development Martindale, R.J.J., Collins, D., Abraham, A. (2007) 'Effective Talent Development: The Elite Coach Perspective in UK Sport', Journal of Applied Sport Psychology, 19:2, 187 — 206

50. Athlete transition Consider the 17 year old athlete What transitional events/issues may impact on athlete/athletic development?

51. Athlete transition Primary education Secondary education Higher education Professional occupation Perfection Initiation Development Discontinuation Childhood Puberty Adolescence (Young) adulthood Parents Siblings Peers Peers Coaches Parents Partner coach Family (Coach) Peers Age 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 Academic/ occupational development Athletic development Individual development Psycho-social development 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 Elms, S. (2004) The junior to senior athlete transition. Faster Higher Stronger. 25, 13-14.

52. Athlete transition Consider the 17 year old athlete What transitional events/issues may impact on athlete/athletic development? Highly likely: Higher education Development to high performance sport Maturing as individual Establishing partner relationship Not all negative… Manage through preparation/support (LTAD model)

53. Nurturing sport expertise Biological/psychological/sociological constraints Training & environmental factors crucial predictors of attainment + parental support; adequate coaching essential Social factors cultural influences relative age effect Baker, J., Horton, S., Robertson-Wilson, J., Wall, M. (2003) Nurturing sport expertise: factors influencing the development of elite athletes, Journal of Sports Science and Medicine 2, 1-9

57. Age 19

59. Age 28

61. World Class Athlete Experience 51 % WCP athletes full-time NGB coach Average contact time 14 h per week Podium >2 h per week Development 91 % rate coaching good/v good Main characteristics quality coaching: good coaching technique knowledge of the sport good working relationship coach - athlete being encouraging excellent communicator Athlete Insights, UK Sport Survey of World Class Athletes 2009, Executive Summary

62. Conclusions: monitoring training (planning) in our own coaching Questions... overall purpose of week’s training? sessions fit together through week? monitor training effort? link between this/last/next week? fit into plan for athlete’s development? how could weeks training be improved? Baker, J. Cobley, S. Does practice make perfect? In Farrow, D., Baker, J., MacMahon, C. (2008) Developing Sport Expertise. Routledge.

63. THANKYOU FOR YOUR ATTENTION