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Improving the avocado supply chain
Jodie Campbell & Terry Campbell, Primary Industries & Fisheries, DEEDI
Queensland Primary Industries and Fisheries




  Deliver value and satisfaction                           Profitability for all
        to end customer                                     chain members



                     Successful chains


  Focus on                                  Create &                              Effective
                  Efficient
 customers                                   share                             communication
                logistics and
                                             value                            and relationships
                 distribution
 Improving                                                               Influential captain
 knowledge           Produce and deliver                                 to lead chain and
and practices         the right product                                  drive improvement
                                    © The State of Queensland, Department of Employment, Economic Development and Innovation, 2009
Queensland Primary Industries and Fisheries




What do consumers want?
Avocados that are free from
• Flesh bruising
• Rots
• Skin spotting




                              © The State of Queensland, Department of Employment, Economic Development and Innovation, 2009
Queensland Primary Industries and Fisheries




Improvement in the supply chain

                                       Mapping
                                   What are the current
                                procedures and practices?


Change in practice                                                                              Monitoring

Recommend changes to                    Continuous                                  Verifying what is actually
procedures or practices                improvement                                          occurring




                          R&D                                      Analysis
                                                            Identifying areas of
                 Fill knowledge gaps                           improvement

                                                © The State of Queensland, Department of Employment, Economic Development and Innovation, 2009
Queensland Primary Industries and Fisheries




Managing avocado quality through the supply chain
 • Avocado quality can deteriorate throughout the supply chain and is
   dependant upon growing and handling practices




Growing   Harvesting Packing    Transport          Retail                   Ripening                        Consumer
Growing




                                                                                                                ?
                                      © The State of Queensland, Department of Employment, Economic Development and Innovation, 2009
Queensland Primary Industries and Fisheries




Quality defect – skin spotting on Hass
• Skin spotting = nodule damage
• Can be an entry point for disease
• Skin spotting accumulates down the
  supply chain
• Skin spotting may not be visible once
  avocados start to colour (at retail)




                                     © The State of Queensland, Department of Employment, Economic Development and Innovation, 2009
Queensland Primary Industries and Fisheries




Unacceptable levels of skin spotting




                               © The State of Queensland, Department of Employment, Economic Development and Innovation, 2009
Queensland Primary Industries and Fisheries




Skin spotting on Hass
 • Assessing where skin spotting is occurring in the supply chain




Off the tree     Harvest       After brushes                End of pack                                      Retail
                                                               line
   2.5%            8.3%            12%                                                                Visability
                                                                  18.6%                              dependant
               Shed receival
                                                                                                     upon colour
                   9.8%                                                                             stage at retail
                                         © The State of Queensland, Department of Employment, Economic Development and Innovation, 2009
Queensland Primary Industries and Fisheries




A Commercial robustness test




                               © The State of Queensland, Department of Employment, Economic Development and Innovation, 2009
Queensland Primary Industries and Fisheries




Preliminary results
• Statistically significant correlation between
  19%DM robustness test & the commercial
  simulation test (24% DM)




                             © The State of Queensland, Department of Employment, Economic Development and Innovation, 2009
Queensland Primary Industries and Fisheries




Grower feedback
• Identified several factors that can affect quality
   – Heavily pruned blocks          = poorer fruit quality
   – Light yields                   = poorer fruit quality
   – High vegetative vigour         = poorer fruit quality




                                  © The State of Queensland, Department of Employment, Economic Development and Innovation, 2009
Queensland Primary Industries and Fisheries




Growers opinions on how they could use the data
1. Decision making regarding a late fungicide
   application
2. Timing of harvest to optimize quality (relating to
   optimum fruit maturity)
3. Help with marketing decisions
4. Useful to rank their quality against other growers &
   identify blocks that need improving




                                © The State of Queensland, Department of Employment, Economic Development and Innovation, 2009
Queensland Primary Industries and Fisheries




Avocado hazard analysis




                          © The State of Queensland, Department of Employment, Economic Development and Innovation, 2009
Queensland Primary Industries and Fisheries




Information and training guides
•   Colour and handling guide
•   Quality and handling guide
•   Ripening guide
•   Handling avocados at export destinations
•   Handling and ripening avocados in export markets




                                     © The State of Queensland, Department of Employment, Economic Development and Innovation, 2009
Queensland Primary Industries and Fisheries


Bruising avocados in the supply chain
     Susceptibility to bruising increases as fruit ripens and with drop height

                        500
     Drop height (mm)




                        250




                        100


                              rubbery          sprung                                   firm ripe
                               at Storage and Ripening                                  at Retail
                                                    © The State of Queensland, Department of Employment, Economic Development and Innovation, 2009
Queensland Primary Industries and Fisheries




Bruising at retail


                     Handle packages and fruit
                             carefully

                     Avocados dropped from only
                         100mm will bruise




                     © The State of Queensland, Department of Employment, Economic Development and Innovation, 2009
Queensland Primary Industries and Fisheries




© The State of Queensland, Department of Employment, Economic Development and Innovation, 2009
Queensland Primary Industries and Fisheries


Conclusions

      Problems are compounded throughout the chain
        and co-operation of all members is needed
                       to solve them



    Monitoring tools are available for managing fruit quality



        Information and training is required to improve
                      chain performance


                              © The State of Queensland, Department of Employment, Economic Development and Innovation, 2009

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Terry Campbell

  • 1. Improving the avocado supply chain Jodie Campbell & Terry Campbell, Primary Industries & Fisheries, DEEDI
  • 2. Queensland Primary Industries and Fisheries Deliver value and satisfaction Profitability for all to end customer chain members Successful chains Focus on Create & Effective Efficient customers share communication logistics and value and relationships distribution Improving Influential captain knowledge Produce and deliver to lead chain and and practices the right product drive improvement © The State of Queensland, Department of Employment, Economic Development and Innovation, 2009
  • 3. Queensland Primary Industries and Fisheries What do consumers want? Avocados that are free from • Flesh bruising • Rots • Skin spotting © The State of Queensland, Department of Employment, Economic Development and Innovation, 2009
  • 4. Queensland Primary Industries and Fisheries Improvement in the supply chain Mapping What are the current procedures and practices? Change in practice Monitoring Recommend changes to Continuous Verifying what is actually procedures or practices improvement occurring R&D Analysis Identifying areas of Fill knowledge gaps improvement © The State of Queensland, Department of Employment, Economic Development and Innovation, 2009
  • 5. Queensland Primary Industries and Fisheries Managing avocado quality through the supply chain • Avocado quality can deteriorate throughout the supply chain and is dependant upon growing and handling practices Growing Harvesting Packing Transport Retail Ripening Consumer Growing ? © The State of Queensland, Department of Employment, Economic Development and Innovation, 2009
  • 6. Queensland Primary Industries and Fisheries Quality defect – skin spotting on Hass • Skin spotting = nodule damage • Can be an entry point for disease • Skin spotting accumulates down the supply chain • Skin spotting may not be visible once avocados start to colour (at retail) © The State of Queensland, Department of Employment, Economic Development and Innovation, 2009
  • 7. Queensland Primary Industries and Fisheries Unacceptable levels of skin spotting © The State of Queensland, Department of Employment, Economic Development and Innovation, 2009
  • 8. Queensland Primary Industries and Fisheries Skin spotting on Hass • Assessing where skin spotting is occurring in the supply chain Off the tree Harvest After brushes End of pack Retail line 2.5% 8.3% 12% Visability 18.6% dependant Shed receival upon colour 9.8% stage at retail © The State of Queensland, Department of Employment, Economic Development and Innovation, 2009
  • 9. Queensland Primary Industries and Fisheries A Commercial robustness test © The State of Queensland, Department of Employment, Economic Development and Innovation, 2009
  • 10. Queensland Primary Industries and Fisheries Preliminary results • Statistically significant correlation between 19%DM robustness test & the commercial simulation test (24% DM) © The State of Queensland, Department of Employment, Economic Development and Innovation, 2009
  • 11. Queensland Primary Industries and Fisheries Grower feedback • Identified several factors that can affect quality – Heavily pruned blocks = poorer fruit quality – Light yields = poorer fruit quality – High vegetative vigour = poorer fruit quality © The State of Queensland, Department of Employment, Economic Development and Innovation, 2009
  • 12. Queensland Primary Industries and Fisheries Growers opinions on how they could use the data 1. Decision making regarding a late fungicide application 2. Timing of harvest to optimize quality (relating to optimum fruit maturity) 3. Help with marketing decisions 4. Useful to rank their quality against other growers & identify blocks that need improving © The State of Queensland, Department of Employment, Economic Development and Innovation, 2009
  • 13. Queensland Primary Industries and Fisheries Avocado hazard analysis © The State of Queensland, Department of Employment, Economic Development and Innovation, 2009
  • 14. Queensland Primary Industries and Fisheries Information and training guides • Colour and handling guide • Quality and handling guide • Ripening guide • Handling avocados at export destinations • Handling and ripening avocados in export markets © The State of Queensland, Department of Employment, Economic Development and Innovation, 2009
  • 15. Queensland Primary Industries and Fisheries Bruising avocados in the supply chain Susceptibility to bruising increases as fruit ripens and with drop height 500 Drop height (mm) 250 100 rubbery sprung firm ripe at Storage and Ripening at Retail © The State of Queensland, Department of Employment, Economic Development and Innovation, 2009
  • 16. Queensland Primary Industries and Fisheries Bruising at retail Handle packages and fruit carefully Avocados dropped from only 100mm will bruise © The State of Queensland, Department of Employment, Economic Development and Innovation, 2009
  • 17. Queensland Primary Industries and Fisheries © The State of Queensland, Department of Employment, Economic Development and Innovation, 2009
  • 18. Queensland Primary Industries and Fisheries Conclusions Problems are compounded throughout the chain and co-operation of all members is needed to solve them Monitoring tools are available for managing fruit quality Information and training is required to improve chain performance © The State of Queensland, Department of Employment, Economic Development and Innovation, 2009