Project in Araling Panlipunan 9

1. RAMAPITHECUS
(räməpəthē´kəs, –pĬth´ə–),

3. Ramapithecus, fossil primate
genus dating from the Middle
and Late Miocene epochs (about
16.6 to 5.3 million years ago).
For a time in the 1960s and
’70s Ramapithecus was thought
to be the first direct ancestor
of modern humans.

4. The first Ramapithecus fossils (fragments of an
upper jaw and some teeth) were discovered in
1932 in fossil deposits in the Siwālik hills of
northern India. No significance was attached to
these fossils until 1960, when Elwyn Simons of
Yale University began studying them and fit the
jaw fragments together. Based on his
observations of the shape of the jaw and of the
dentition—which he thought were transitional
between those of apes and humans—Simons
advanced the theory that Ramapithecus
represented the first step in the evolutionary
divergence of humans from the common hominoid
stock that produced modern apes and humans.

5. EVOLUTION OF
RAMAPITHECUS

6. Ramapithecus is claimed by evolutionists to have emerged
12-14 million years ago and is believed to be one of the
earliest known creatures to be on the direct line of
descent to man. The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth
Edition, 2001, states, "Fossils of Ramapithecus were
discovered in N India and in E Africa, beginning in 1932.
Although it was generally an apelike creature,
Ramapithecus was considered a possible human ancestor
on the basis of the reconstructed jaw and dental
characteristics of fragmentary fossils. A complete jaw
discovered in 1976 was clearly non-hominid, however, and
Ramapithecus is now regarded by many as a member of
Sivapithecus, a genus considered to be an ancestor of the
orangutan."

7. ORANGUTAN RAMAPITHEC
US

8. IBA PANG
LARAWAN NG
RAMAPITHECUS

9. RAMAPITHECUS IS
MAN’S ANCESTOR

11. Ramapithecus. Some textbooks still claim that
Ramapithecus is man’s ancestor, an intermediate
between man and some apelike ancestor. This
mistaken belief resulted from piecing together,
in 1932, fragments of upper teeth and bones
into the two large pieces shown in the upper
left. This was done so the shape of the jaw
resembled the parabolic arch of man, shown in
the upper right. In 1977, a complete lower jaw
of Ramapithecus was found. The true shape of
the jaw was not parabolic, but rather U-
shaped, distinctive of apes.

13. EVOLUTIONISTS’ SOURCE OF
INSPIRATION WAS A SINGLE
JAWBONE!
The first Ramapithecus fossil discovered
consisted of a partial jaw, broken into
two pieces. Evolutionist artists, however,
had no difficulty in portraying
Ramapithecus and even his family and
habitat, based solely on these jaw
fragments.

14. RAMAPITHECUS IS NOT
THE ANCESTOR OF
HUMAN

15. A Ramapithecus
skull and
drawings by
evolutionists
based upon it
Ramapithecus is not
the ancestor of
humans, as depicted
in these drawings,
merely a species of
ape.

16. Ramapithecus was once considered to be
partially man-like, but is now known to be fully
ape-like.
Like Eckhardt, Richard Leakey had his doubts
about Ramapithecus. According to Leakey, it
was far too early to come to any definite
decision about Ramapithecus, which consisted of
a few jawbones. Leakey summarized his
thoughts in these words: “The case for
Ramapithecus as a hominid is not substantial,
and the fragmentary material leaves many
questions open.

17. Unlike the U shape in monkeys,
the structure of the human jaw is
parabolic (more V-shaped), in such
a way as to permit speech, and
this had been known for a long
time. It was thought that
Ramapithecus possessed a
parabolic jaw like that of humans.

18. But the reconstructions made by Elwyn Simons in
1961, based on a piece of the Ramapithecus lower
jaw and code-numbered YPM 13799, showed a totally
parabolic structure in all teeth except for the
incisors. That reconstruction was accepted by a
number of authors and used in various studies. In
1969, however, Genet and Varcin showed that using
the exact same fragments, different reconstructions
could also be made with a U shape just like that in
monkeys.. Furthermore, many living species of monkey
possess the same characteristics as Ramapithecus.
One baboon (Theropithecus galada) living at high
elevations in Ethiopia is short, with a deep face and
shorter incisors than other monkeys, just like
Ramapithecus and the Australopithcines.

19. However, a 1982 article in Science magazine called “Humans
Lose an Early Ancestor” declared that this new transitional form
was erroneous and nothing more than an extinct orangutan:
A group of creatures once thought to be our oldest
ancestors may have just been firmly bumped out of the
human family tree, according to Harvard University
paleontologist David Pilbeam. Many paleontologists have
maintained that ramamorphs are our oldest known
ancestors, evolving after we split away from the African
apes. But these conclusions were drawn from little more
than a few jaw bones and some teeth. The heavy jaw and
thickly enameled teeth resemble those of early human
ancestors,” says Pilbeam, but in more significant aspects,
such as the shape of its palate, the closely set eye sockets
that are higher than they are broad, and the shape of the
jaw joint, it looks more like an orangutan ancestor.

20. MAIKLING
KAALAMAN
TUNGKOL SA
RAMAPITHECUS

21.  may apat na bagay sa katawan
ang ginagamit
 Foramen Magnum ~ butas sa
bungo na nagdurugtong sa gulud
 mas malaki ang utak sa Bakulaw
 mas malaki ng kaunti ang panga
 1910, India
 hango sa epiko ng Ramayana,
Rama dakilang tagapagtangol
 pantay ang ngipin

22. PROJECT IN
ARALING
PANLIPUNAN

23. IPINASA NILA:
DYLA LORRAINNE V. AZURIN
CRISTINE ELIZA VENERACION
KYLA DE GUZMAN
KEN RUZZLE BOMBARDA
REDENTOR SOBREMONTE

24. IPINASA KAY:
GNG. LORENZA R. GARCIA
GURO
GODBLESS YOUTODAY ANDALWAYS