Bibhu Santosh Behera,Ph.D Research Fellow,OUAT,Bhubaneswar MGCY-Udyama,10 YFP-UNEP-SCP(Asia and Alternate Focal Point)

1. Next End
A SUSTAINABLE WAY OF LIVING
PRESENTED BY
BIBHU SANTOSH BEHERA, PhD RESEARCH
SCHOLAR,OUAT,BHUBANESWAR,INDIA
A.C.BEHERA*R.A.BEHERA**
E-mail Id:-b.behera88@gmail.com

2. Abstract of Vision
Next EndPrevious
This era is called as ICT era which comprises the ICT Mediated Agriculture Extension in Rural as
well as Urban areas to disseminate the ethics of information by Decision Support System (DSS),,
Management Information System(MIS) and Expert System(ES) by impregnating the User
Interface and Knowledge Management System. So, E-Agriculture, therefore describes an
emerging field focused on the enhancement of agricultural and rural development through
improved information and communication process. The main Objective is to provide an Interface
to farmers and consumers and to facilitate linking up of agriculture produce marketing
cooperative.ITCs,E-chaupal,IT-Kiosks,Eid-party agriline,Gyandoot Project,Warana weired
Village,Information Village Project of MSSRF(MS Swaminathan Research Foundation),I-kisan
project of Nagarjun group of companies,Kisan Call Center(KCC),Bhoomi Project,Village
Knowledge Center etc. are the recent development in e-governance mediated agriculture in
India.It add value to the lives of Farmers and End-users in a Sustainable way through Knowledge
Management Portals, e-kiosks, Common Service centers in grass root level
Key Words:-e-agriculture,e-chaupal,ITC,AFPOH,IT-Kiosk,CSC,KCC,ICT
Key Words:-e-agriculture,e-chaupal,ITC,AFPOH,IT-Kiosk,CSC,KCC,ICTKey Words:-e-agriculture,e-chaupal,ITC,AFPOH,IT-Kiosk,CSC,KCC,ICT

3. Introduction
• E-agriculture
• It is a relatively recent term in the field of agriculture and rural development practices.
Consistency in the use of this term began to materialize with the dissemination of
results from a global survey carried out by the United Nations (UN). This survey
conducted in late 2006 by the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United
Nations (FAO) found that half of those who replied identified “e agriculture” with
information dissemination, access and exchange, communication and participation
processes improvements around rural development. In contrast, less than a third
highlighted the importance of technical hardware and technological tools.
• E-agriculture, therefore, describes an emerging field focused on the enhancement of
agricultural and rural development through improved information and
communication processes. More specifically, e-agriculture involves the
conceptualization, design, development, evaluation and application of innovative ways
to use information and communication technologies (ICTs) in the rural domain, with a
primary focus on agriculture.

4. Mission and Objectives
• The e-Agriculture Community of Practice is a global initiative launched in
partnership with the e-Agriculture Working Group in 2007 to enhance the role of
ICT in agricultural development and food security. It provides an international
framework to facilitate the processes of capturing, managing, and disseminating the
lessons learned through national and regional activities, as well as the results and
implications of multilateral processes related to the use of ICT in agriculture and rural
development. The e-Agriculture Community also provides the basis for the
international community to monitor development and validation of conceptual
models and meth- odologies, and to package and disseminate them once tested.
Through its collective activities some additional outputs of the Community include:
the development and strengthening of innovative mechanisms and processes for
information exchange and communication, including normative guide- lines and
tools being formulated, tested and disseminated to address the range of demands and
capabilities of different Com munity members; empowering networks for exchange of
new mechanisms and processes among key stakeholders; relevant content in digital
format being developed, filtered, mobilized and exchanged by community members;
and other activities based on active partnerships and collaborative lesson-learning.
•

5. Deliverables
• The e-Agriculture community has over 6,000 registered individual
members. This membership encompasses development practitioners,
policymakers, representatives of farmer organizations, researchers, and
information and communication specialists involved in agriculture and
rural development, from more than 150 countries. The Community
activities comprise three components: a web-based multilingual space
(English, French and Spanish) for knowledge sharing and collaboration on
a neutral domain (e-agriculture); face-to-face events; and in- country
interventions.
Over this past year, e-Agriculture Community members from around the
world participated in activities such as online forum discussions (virtual
meetings), international and regional meetings, and free online capacity
building opportunities (through the IMARK partnership). Participation
from both the private sector and non-UN organizations was also secured.
.

6. Research Methodology
As it is a reviewed article, here the researchers were collected data from
secondary sources like Books, Journals, and Web sources to translate and
transform the research into action in the realm of Human Development by
ICT.Here the author is using Ex-post facto design to collect the data base
regarding implementation, execution of Research Project. Stratified random
sampling is used here due to various agro climatic zones. Basic statistics
and common instrumental design is used here.

7. Future Plans
• It is envisioned that the e-Agriculture Community will grow in
2020 by building upon the current successful knowledge sharing
functions, and developing an interconnected series of pi- lot
interventions, models of action and means for assessment, based
on inputs from the e-Agriculture Community. Lessons learned from
the national and regional components can be captured and
disseminated through the e-Agriculture Community, and through
other major participating institutions in support of capacity
building. In order to facilitate this effectively, the establishment of a
formal Secretariat with some financial commitments from partner
organizations is deemed essential.

8. .
Prospectus of Indian Agriculture, Horticulture,
and Allied sectors
• National agriculture policy.
• Kisan credit card scheme.
• National seed policy
• Legislation on plant variety.
• Protection and Farmers Rights
• Seed Village Scheme
• National Horticultural Mission
• Kissan Call Centre
• ICT Mediated Market Led Extension
• National Diary,Fishery and Animal Husbandry Policy
• National Forestry Policy

9. Need of e-Agriculture in India
• Empowering farmers with relevant and timely information about different crop
variety.
• To reduce farming risks information on weather, production and cultivation
techniques, seeds and fertilizers, plant nutrients and water usage.
• To reduce knowledge gaps and increase knowledge sharing for increasing productivity
and boosting growth in rural areas. Funds and liability coverage through agri-finance
and agri-insurance.Assistance from universities on new techniques used in increase
production yield. Market infrastructure like warehouses and cold chain management
• Since information technology solutions to facilitate the collection of agricultural
information. A multi media multipurpose community tele centre in the village to
enhance access to educational weather and health information (through internet,
media, T.V.) and also facilitate communication between the village com- munity and
the rest of the world.
•

10. PRESENTATION OF THE STUDY
• The entire research study has been presented in five chapters which are as
follows-
• Chapter I. Introduction consists the lead of the thesis,
statement of problem, specific objectives taken for the study, scope
and importance of the study and limitations.
• Chapter IL. Review of literature deals with a brief review of available
literature on objective wise related to the present investigation.
• ChapterIII. Research methodology entails the various research
procedure followed and presented in detail under the heading such as
problem and procedure, variable and their measurement, tools and
technique and statistical analysis of data.
• Chapter IV. Results and discussion describe the finding of the study
objective wise and discussion on the basis of finding.
• Chapter V. Summary, conclusion and recommendation
summaries in brief about the total manuscript followed by Bibliography
and appendices. It may add value with case study/success stories.

11. HYPOTHESIS FIXATION FOR STUDY
• The main hypothesis of this study is that e-
agriculture must bring sustainable life among
farming communities in India.

12. RESEARCH METHODOLOGY MATRIX
• It describes how the research had been done , number of respondents, method of selection of samples out of
population ,etc.
• 3.1) Problem & Procedure
• 3.1.1) Selection of problem
• 3.1.2) Plan of work
• 3.1.3) Research design
• 3.1.4) Locale of study
• 3.1.5) Sampling procedures
• 3.2) Variables & their measurements
• 3.2.1) Measurement procedure
• 3.2.2) Independent & dependent variables & operationalization
• 3.3) Tools & Techniques
• 3.3.1) Pilot study
• 3.3.2) Pre-testing of interview schedule
• 3.3.3) Interviewing
• 3.3.4) Processing of data
• 3.4) Statistical tools
• 3.4.1) Mean value,%,etc.
• In this study 50 respondents were interviewed.hey were selected by using simple random variable method, both
dependents & independent variables are considered & statistics used are ranking, mean score, percentage ,tally,
etc.

13. To meet the Objectives
• Onsite visits to the village and the data communication
infrastructure nearest to the village
• Use of wireless technology as most economical and technically
feasible method to bring affordable internet access to the village.
• Use of internet access and backbone data communications
infrastructure and radio transmission to cover the last mile and
ensure enough bandwidth to support other types of e- applications
such as e-learning, e-community, e-health and the main application
is e-agriculture. Use of wireless routers located to enable further
expansion of the data communication infrastructure to additional
sites within the 50-60 kilometre range without the need for
additional backbone infrastructure.

14. Recent Advancement in India
• The application of ICT in agriculture through various organizations which has been
evolving with various initiatives in order to encompassing the all agric value chain and
knowledge technology. The prominent ICT technologies are-ITCs, E-choupal, Eid
Partys agriline, gyandoot project Information village project of M.S.swaminathan
research foundation (MSSRF)I-Kisan project of Nagarjun group of companies.
• Kisan Call centre, Bhoomi Project, Village knowledge centre etc.Operating well
throughout the country.
• Good data and information can be an important tool for decision making and for taking
action by the farming community. ITcs will serve as a predominant role for fulfilling the
needs of a Second green revolution.

15. Agriculture and ICTs in India
Agricultural Strategy for Eleventh Plan, Planning Commission, Government of India, has pointed out that with the
availability of land and water fixed, the goal of 4% growth in agriculture can be achieved only by increasing
productivity per unit of scarce natural resources through effective use of improved technology. It is planned that
alternate delivery channels spanning Rural Knowledge Centres (RKCs), ICT-based extension, farmer-to- farmer
extension, NGOs and the private sector should also be promoted simultaneously. The scheme--’Mass Media
Support to Extension’ aims to utilize the impressive infrastructure of Doordarshan (DD) and All India Radio (AIR)
for producing and broadcasting agricultural programmes for supporting other extension efforts. The National
Agriculture Policy emphasizes upon the use of Information Technology (IT) for achieving a more rapid
development of agriculture in India. The Department of Agriculture and Cooperation, therefore, is in the process
of preparing a National e-Governance Plan in Agriculture (NeGP-A) for a more focused implementation of e-
governance activities in the agriculture sector. In order to promote e-governance in agriculture at the centre and
provide support to states/UTs for the same, the Department of Agriculture and Co- operation is implementing a
central sector scheme, “Strengthening/Promoting Agricultural Information Systems’ during the Tenth Plan with a
budgetary provision of INR 100 crore. The scheme has the following components: (i) Development of agricultural
informatics and communication; (ii) Strengthening of IT apparatus in agriculture and cooperation in states and
UTs
(AGRISNET); (iii) IT apparatus at Department headquarters and its field offices; (iv) Agricultural Resources Information
Systems (AgRIS); and (v) Kisan Call Centres. The Department has developed four portals and 40 websites covering both
headquarters and its sub-formations under the component “Development of Agricultural Informatics and
Communications”. Some important portals which has till now been developed are: (a) AGMARKNET Portal
(http://agmarknet.nic.in); (b) DACNET Portal (http:// dacnet.nic.in); (c) DAC Portal (http://agricoop.nic.in); (d) IN-
TRADAC Portal (http://intradac.nic.in); (e) SEEDNET Portal (http://seednet.gov.in); (f) Agricultural Census Portal
(http:// agcensus.nic.in). The Department of Agriculture and Cooperation is supporting e-governance activities at the state
agriculture and allied departments through AGRISNET, a state sector mission mode project, which aims at providing
improved ser- vices to the farming community using Information and Communication Technology (ICT). Agricultural
Resources Information System (AgRIS) project has been launched for implementation in two pilot districts of Rohtak (Dairy
Typology) in Haryana and Banaskantha (Arid Typology) in Gujarat. Kisan Call Centers initiative aims to provide
information to the farming community through toll-free telephone lines. Usage of GIS satellite imaging in India had been
happening since a long time in India

16. Initiatives of e-agriculture in
India as a Case study
•
• The Association For People of Haryana (AFPOH) has taken many steps and initiatives at national and
international level in the fields of agriculture, health, rural infrastructure development, revitalizing financial
access to rural farmers, etc. As far as initiatives for e-agriculture in India are concerned, they have shared their
research works and suggestions with national and international community. They have also started an initiative
titled e-agriculture in India that would endeavour to amalgamate ICT with agriculture in India.
•
• - AFPOH is a social initiative by an association of people who are working in the direction of empowering the
marginalized and deprived people in rural and other areas. The area of operation of AFPOH covers segments like
agriculture, health, banking, finance and insurance, education, rural infrastructure development, power, etc.
AFPOH has strengthened the use of IT in agriculture by extending support for legal and regulatory measure that
farmers and other people may face in various situations.
•
• AFPOH using ICT for its mission and objectives AFPOH is working in the direction of use of ICT for
communication and sharing of views, expertise, suggestions, problems, etc at national and international level.
AFPOH intends to provide a ‘voice’ to the marginalized and deprived segment so that national and international
communities can coordinate and collaborate their empowerment initiatives. Concepts like e-agriculture, e-health,
e-learning, e-commerce, e-banking, etc are also some of the initiative that are in the process of implementation by
AFPOH. Warana Weired Village and Digital Green Projects may be taken as Successful Case Studies in India.

17. Initiative of e-Agriculture at State
Level•
• ITC's ‘E-Choupal’ Initiative: A Novel Model for Rural India
ITC's ‘e-Choupal’ makes use of the physical transmission capabilities of current intermediaries -
aggregation, logistics, counter-party risk and bridge financing With a judicious blend of click &
mortar capabilities, village internet kiosks managed by farmers - called sanchalaks - themselves,
enable the agricultural community access ready information in their local language on the
weather & market prices, disseminate knowledge on scientific farm practices & risk management,
facilitate the sale of farm inputs and purchase farm produce from the farmers’ doorsteps .The
aggregation of the demand for farm inputs from individual farmers gives them access to high
quality inputs from established and reputed manufacturers at fair prices. As a direct marketing
channel, virtually linked to the ‘mandi’ system for price discovery, ‘e-Choupal’ eliminates
wasteful intermediation and multiple handling. Thereby it significantly reduces transaction costs.
Launched in June 2000, 'e-Choupal', has already become the largest initiative among all Internet-
based interventions in rural India.'e-Choupal' services today reach out to more than 3.5 million
farmers growing a range of crops - soyabean, coffee, wheat, rice, pulses, shrimp - in more
than38,000 villages through nearly 6500 kiosks across nine states namely Madhya Pradesh,
Haryana, Uttaranchal, Karnataka, Andhra Pradesh, Uttar Pradesh, Maharashtra, Rajasthan and
Kerela.

18. Summary and Conclusion
• The role of Information Technology to develop e-agriculture and quality of
life in rural area is well established. IT can help an average Indian farmer to
get relevant information regarding agro-inputs, crop production
technologies, agro processing, market support, agro-finance and
management of farm agri-business. The agricultural extension mechanism
is becoming dependent on IT to provide appropriate and location specific
technologies for the farmers to furnish timely and proficient advice to the
farmers IT can be a best mean not only to develop agricultural extension but
also to expand agriculture research and education system. Now Farmer
Demand Driven e-governance Mediated and ICT Propelled Agriculture
must create a new history and revolution for achieving Vision-2050 hence
be expected.
JAY JAWAN JAY KISAN MERA BHARAT MAHAN

19. MY CONTRIBUTION TO RESEARCHMy Model as per my Research will be as Follows (Developed by Bibhu Santosh
Behera,OUAT,Bhubaneswar,Odisha,India)
Research-Extension-Farmer-Information Communication Technology-Market-End User-Climate
Smart Approach
•

20. MODELS

21. MODELS

22. Mile Stones in Agricultural
Development
• Green Revolution (1968)
• Ever-Green Revolution (1996)
• Blue Revolution (water, fish)
• White Revolution (Milk)
• Yellow Revolution (flower, edible)
• Bio-Technology Revolution
• ICT Revolution

23. Development of Indian Agriculture :
Basic Issues
• Revitalization of Cooperative Institutions
• Improving Rural Credits
• Research, Education & Extension
• Human Resources Development
• Trade & Export Promotion
• Land Reforms
• Enabling Environment for higher
Agricultural Growth

24. The thrust areas:
• Diversification of Agriculture
• Inter-cropping
• Micro Management
• Water Management
• Organic Farming
• Agri-Clinics and Agri-business Centres
• Bio-Technology

25. Efforts on Policies, strategies and
Frameworks
• National Agriculture Policy (2000)
• National Seeds policy (2002)
• Cooperative Policy
• Agricultural Price policy
• Agricultural Extension Framework
(2001)
• WTO/GATT agreement (1994)
In addition to, various working groups,
taskforces, mid-term appraisals and plan
schemes (~68)
(for further details www.agricoop.nic.in)

26. Reports
• Agriculture Credit, Cooperation and Crop
• Horticulture Development including Spices Aromatic and
Medicinal Plants and Plantation Crops
Agriculture Infrastructure/Warehousing/Rural
Godowns/Marketing/Post Harvest Management, Processing
and Cold Storage, Trade and Export Promotion.
• Crop Husbandry, Demand and Supply Projections and
Agricultural Inputs Agriculture Research and Education
• Animal Husbandry & Dairying
• Agriculture Statistics
• Watershed Development, Rainfed Farming and Natural
Resources Management
• |Agriculture Development in Eastern and North-Eastern
India
• Agriculture and Allied Sectors
• Organic and Biodynamic Farming
(for further details www.planningcommission.nic.in)

27. Technologies for Sustainable Agricultural
Development• Biotechnology
• Pre & post harvesting technology
• Energy saving technology
• Environment protection technology
• Information and Communication technology
• GIS & RS technology
• Internet/Intranet Technology

28. Fusion of Technologies for Sustainable Development -
A Synergy of Multiple Disciplines
• Database Technology
• Internet/Intranet Technology
• GIS and Remote Sensing
• Image Processing
• GPS
• Artificial Intelligence
• Modeling

29. IT led Agricultural Development
The beginning: (e-readiness)
• A two day conference (ISDA-1995 ) was
held to assess IT Infrastructure and
empowerment needs for IT led
development in Agriculture Sector (one of
the major recommendations was about 3%
of the agriculture budget should be spent
on Informatics Development)
• IT Plan for Agriculture Sector (AGRISNET)
was submitted to Ministry of Agriculture in
1997 to establish “Indian Agriculture on-
line” and revised in 2000.

30. IT Applications for Agricultural DevelopmentIT Applications for Agricultural Development
Requires Inter-Sectoral ApproachRequires Inter-Sectoral Approach
 Agricultural Research
 Agro-Meteorology
 Agricultural Marketing
 Agricultural Engineering &
Food Processing
 Agricultural Extension and
Transfer of Technology
 Credit and Cooperation
 Crop production &
protection
 Environment & Forest
 Fertilisers and Manure
 Fisheries
 Irrigation and Drainage
System
 Livestock, Dairy
Development & Animal
Husbandry
 Rural Development &
Planning
 Soil and Water Management
 Watershed Development
 Wasteland Development

31. Census
Mach.Marketing
Coop.
Credit
Crops Exten.
Fert
Hort
DM
PPQ
PP
RFS
IRS
TMOP
States / Uts / Districts
ICAR Institutes
Resource Information
Attached/subordinate offices
FARMER
Ministry of Agriculture

32. AGRISNET ARISNET
DACNET
DAC
Portals
AgRIS

33. IT plan for Agriculture
• To strengthen IT in Agriculture and creation of
Databases & Information Network for Agriculture
Sector :-
• The plan was divided into three schemes by DAC
▫ Central Sector Schemes proposed
 DAC Hqrs
 Networking of DAC Field Units
(DACNET)
 State & District and Sub-District level
(AGRISNET)

34. Present Status of IT Scheme (s) of DAC:
Various Components emerging as one scheme:
• IT apparatus in DAC Hqrs.
• IT apparatus in the Field offices and
Directorates of DAC (DACNET) Phase II
• Development of Agricultural Informatics and
Communication
• Agricultural Resources Information
System
• IT apparatus for States/UTs (AGRISNET) and
• Agricultural Marketing Information Network
(AGMARKNET) Phase II

35. Information Systems Requirement in Agriculture
GIS/RS based Systems:
• Soil and Land use
• Watershed developments
• Disaster management
• Cropping systems
• Agriculture Resources Information
• Organic farming (bio-fertilisers)
• Crop weather watch

36. Decision Support Systems
• Integrated Nutrient Management
• Integrated Pest Management
• Demand-Supply Projections
• Soil-Water balance
• Credit Management
• Inter-cropping systems
• Bio-fertilizer management
• Early Warning System

37. E-Commerce Applications
• Agri-Business
(Agri-clinics and Agri-Business Centres)
• Agricultural Marketing
• Agricultural Trade
• Cooperatives
• Horticulture
(horticulture, floriculture, sericulture, aquaculture etc,. )
• Organic farming
• Agriculture Statistics

38. Ongoing ICT Projects of DAC
• DACNET (dacnet.nic.in)
• AGMARKNET (agmarknet.nic.in)
• PPIN (cib/rc) (cibrc.nic.in)
• VISTARNET
• AGRICULTURAL CENSUS
• NADAMS (National Agricultural Drought
Advisory and Management Systems)
• HORTNET

39. Projects Under Pipeline:
• AGRISNET
• AgRIS (Resources Information
System)
• Development of Agricultural
Informatics
• DACNET (phase – II)
• AGMARKNET (Phase – II)
• Agricultural Census 2000-2001

40. Other ICT projects of Agriculture
• APHNET (Animal Production and Health
Informatics Network)
• ARISNET (Agricultural Research and
Information System)
• Water Resources Informatics System
• APEDA
• NPRE etc.,

41. Towards e-Government in DAC
• A High Speed LAN established with more than 500 nodes (round
the clock services)
• INTRANET/INTERNET applications are being implemented as part
of e-Government
• Regular use of VC for scheme monitoring and plans
(X Five Year Plan proposals were discussed on VC
with all States)
• 7/24 Services provided during Orissa Super cyclone, Gujarat Earth
Quake, drought mitigation
• Implementations of Minimum Agenda of e-governance

42. Towards e-Government in DAC (Contd.)
• In-house Training Centre established
• More than 800 officials trained in DAC
• NICNET based Public Information and
facilitation Centre established
• Information Kiosk
• Various paid projects implemented like
Integrated Crops MIS, LAN etc.
• ISDA Conference conducted for IT
assessment in Agriculture sector
• IT Plan submitted for IXth and Xth Five
plans

44. Portals developed
• AGMARKNET
• DACNET
• CIB/RC (PPIN)
• VISTARNET*
• Agricultural Census*
* Under development

45. DACNET
A Scheme for bringing E-Governance in the Directorates and Field
Units of Department of Agriculture & Cooperation (DAC)
• Establish Functional Hardware/software tools
• Provide training
• Develop Application Software
• Assist in further system enhancement, if required
• Establish LAN / Network / Internet Service
With a Mandate to

46. Information Flow from Field Units
(DACNET)
Central Databases
Census
Mach.Marketing
Coop.
Credit
Crops Exten.
Fert
Hort
NDM
Plan-Co
PPQ
PP
RFS
SWC
TMOP
IC&Trade
Field
Offices
Directorates
databases
Planners /
Decision makers

48. AGRISNET envisages
• AGRISNET – A NICNET Based
Agricultural Informatics &
Communication to facilitate Higher
Sustainable Agricultural productivity and
Establish “Indian Agriculture on-line” in the
Country
• Convergence of Core Technologies and e-
Governance

49. AGRISNET envisages
• IT Infrastructure
(H/W, S/W tools and Networking)
• Information Networks
(Web sites, portals, Vertical portals)
• Data Warehousing
(Database, Data Mining and Mata
Data)
• Web enabled applications
• GIS/RS based applications
• IT Empowerment (HRD)

50. AGRISNET components
• Internet/Intranet services
• E-Commerce & EDI Services
• National & International Video
Conferencing
• Networking (LAN, MAN, WAN) using
terrestrial, Satellite, & Wireless
Communication

51. AGRISNET components
• IT Training
• Data Base, Knowledge Base, and
Analytical Model Base development for
Decision Support
• Disaster management

52. Sub-networks under AGRISNET
The following sub-networks will strengthen these
portals:
• FERTNET: Fertilizer Network
• HORTNET: Horticulture Network
• PPIN: Plant Protection Network
• VISTERNET: Agricultural Extension Network
• CROPSNET : Crops Information Network
• SEEDNET: Seeds Informatics Network
• ACINET: Agricultural Credit Informatics Network
• AGMARKNRT:Agricultural Marketing Network
• ARISNET: Agricultural Research Information
System Network

53. • To strengthen these sub-networks,
AGRISNET nodes will be established at
National, State, District, and Block
level with Internet/Intranet gateway at
National and regional level.
• Agri-Clinic and Agri-business centres
will be set up outside the Government
set up to facilitate Un-employed
agricultural graduates to generate
income and employment through
“Knowledge services” for farmers. The
emerging technologies on “last mile”
problems provide required technology
solutions to establish Agri-clinic and
Agri-business centres at sub district
level

54. Hort. Division
INTRADAC
Attached , Subordinate, Autonomous, Field Offices
State, District & Block Agricultural Offices
Mail Server
Internet Server
Database Server
Data Ware housing
GIS Server
Workgroups
“Agriculture On-line”
DACNET
AGRISNET
NRM Division
Crops Division
Admn. Division
Finance Div.

55. Agricultural Resource Information
(core group – V on Agriculture and Soils (NNRMS-AC-AS)).
• Arid Agro-Ecosystem, Coastal Agro-
Ecosystem, Hill & Mountain Agro-
Ecosystem, Irrigated Agro-Ecosystem,
and Rainfed Agro-Ecosystem. The pilot
project demonstration, one district each with
various typologies (13) using GIS/RS based
Technology

56. In e-Governance, “electronic” means support and
stimulate good governance. E-Governance will
mature according to the following four phases
(Garter Report)
• Information  Presence : Websites
• Interaction  Intake Process: e-mail, search
engines,
download forms and documents
• Transaction  Complete Transactions: Network and
Information Security
• Transformation Integration and Change: Virtual
counter

57. Accessibility
Width of reach
Affordability
by common man/
target customers
Accessibility
Width of reach
Affordability
by common man/
target customers
Communicability
in People’s
Language
Communicability
in People’s
Language
Availability
of Information across
multiple delivery
channels
Availability
of Information across
multiple delivery
channels
Reliability
of transactions
across multiple
delivery channels
Reliability
of transactions
across multiple
delivery channels
Viability
Economic and
political returns
Viability
Economic and
political returns
Re-engineering
of Processes within
Government
Re-engineering
of Processes within
Government
Collaboration
among the servicing
departments
Collaboration
among the servicing
departments
Trustworthy
Adequate security
and auditability
e-Governance Imperatives
Service related
Service related
Implementation
Related
Creating stakeholders buy-in through internal/external communications
Accessibility
Width of reach
Affordability
by common man/
target customers
Communicability
in People’s
Language
Availability
of Information across
multiple delivery
channels
Reliability
of transactions
across multiple
delivery channels
Viability
Economic and
political returns
Re-engineering
of Processes within
Government
Collaboration
among the servicing
departments
Trustworthy
Adequate security
and auditability

58. REFERENCE CITATIONS• 1. e-Agriculture Community of Practice, http://www.e-agriculture.org/about.html
• 2. Ray, G.L., “Extension Communication & Management”.
• 3. Meera S N 2008 “ICT in Agricultural Extension, Tactical to Practical”.
• 4.Chattopadyay, B.N. (undated) Information and Communication Technologies for SustainableDevelopment
• 5.Dhawan, V (2004) Critical Success Factors for Rural ICT Projects in India: A Study of n-Logue Kiosk Projects at Pabal and Baramati,
Indian Institute of Technology, Bombay. http://www.dil.iitb.ac.in/docs/kiosk-success-factors.pdf.
• 6.Hasson, A.A., Fletcher, R. and Pentland, A. (2003) Daknet: A Road to Universal Broadband Connectivity, Wireless Internet UN ICT
Conference Case Study,
• 7.IMF (2006) World Economic Outlook: Financial Systems and Economic Cycles, http://www.imf.org/external/pubs/ft/weo/2006/02/
• 8. IICD (2005) the TIC Bolivia Country Programme, International Institute for Communication
• 9. Saravanan, R (2008), (Ed.) Agricultural Extension:-Worldwide Innovations, New India Publishing Agency (NIPA), New Delhi
• Books Referred
• 1.Hand Book of Agriculture (2011) by ICAR Publication.
• 2.Fundamentals of Agriculture Science, Kattayan.A(2013)
• Web Sources
• 1.www.jgateplus.com
• 2.www.cera.iari.res.in
• 3.www.agropedia.iitk.ac.in
• 4.www.agricola.nal.usda.gov
• 5.http://www. odi.org.uk/resources/download/164.pdf
• 6.http://www.itu.int/wsis/docs/geneva/official/poa.html
• 7.http://www.itu.int/wsis/docs2/tunis/off/6rev1.html
• 8.http://agropedia.iitk.ac.in/openaccess/sites/default/files/WS%205.pdf.
• 9.http://www.communityict.ca/docs/daknet-case.pdf.

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