18. Splenius Capitis
Origin (inferior)
Spinous process of C7-T4
Insertion
Mastoid process & occipital bone
Location: Posterior
Movements
Cervical Spine: Extension
Ipsilateral rotation, ipsilateral flexion
CA
19. Splenius Cervicis
Origin (inferior)
Spinous processes of T3-6
Insertion
Transverse process of C1-3
Movements
Cervical Spine: Extension
Ipsilateral rotation,
ipsilateral flexion
20
22. Rectus Abdominis
Controls
Post pelvic tilt & curvature LS
Flattens lower back
What effect does this have on
erector spinae & hip flexors?
more effective
Definition
3 depressions
area of tendinous connective tissue
28. +
Common Injuries- Sprain
Stretch and/or tear of a ligament, the fibrous band
of connective tissue that joins the end of one bone
with another
Direct or indirect trauma knocks a joint out of
position, and overstretches, and, in severe cases,
ruptures the supporting ligaments
Landing on an outstretched arm; slides into a base; jumps
up and lands on the side of the foot; or runs on an uneven
surface
29
29. +
Strain
A strain is an injury of a muscle and/or tendon
Chronic strains are the result of overuse
(prolonged, repetitive movement) of muscles and
tendons
Inadequate rest breaks during intensive training
Acute strains are caused by a direct blow to the body
Overstretching
Excessive muscle contraction
30
30. +
Tendinitis
Inflammation, irritation, and swelling of a tendon
Can occur as a result of injury, overuse, or with aging as the
tendon loses elasticity
Commonly affected sites include:
Elbow
Heel
Shoulder
Wrist
31
31. +
Bursitis
What is a bursa?
“Flattened connective tissue sac that is lined by a
synovial membrane”
Fluid filled sac
What causes bursitis?
Injury
Chronic pressure
Infection
32
32. +
Bursitis Cont.
X-ray testing can sometimes detect calcifications in the
bursa when bursitis has been chronic or recurrent.
MRI scanning (magnetic resonance imaging) can also
detect bursitis
33
34. +
Herniated Disc
When these cartilaginous discs
are damaged from an injury,
normal wear and tear, or
disease, they may bulge
abnormally or break open
If the herniated disc presses on
a nerve root, it may cause pain,
numbness, or tingling
35
35. +
Osteoporosis/Osteopenia
Bone is living tissue, which is constantly being absorbed and replaced
Osteoporosis occurs when the creation of new bone doesn't keep up
with the removal of old bone (osteoblast/osteoclasts)
Approximately 10 million Americans have osteoporosis
Estimates suggest that about half of all women older than 50, and up to one
in four men, will break a bone because of osteoporosis
36
36. +
Osteoporosis/Osteopenia
Women are far more likely to develop osteopenia and osteoporosis
than men
RISK factors
Eating disorders or metabolism problems
Chemotherapy, or medicines such as steroids
Exposure to radiation
Genetics
Low body mass
White or Asian
Limited physical activity
Smoking
Regularly drinking soda
Drinking excessive amounts of alcohol
37
37. +Scoliosis
Lateral deviation of the spine
Primary cause: Weak musculature on the convex
side
Curvature plus vertebral rotation