Fondamentaux du web V2

Réseaux Sociaux

« Démocratie 2.0,

Pouvoirs et contre-pouvoirs numériques»
Les fondamentaux : du Web 2.0 au Web²

10/02/2012 – les fondamentaux du Web 2.0 au Web²

Beerbergman.com SciencesPo Poitiers | 2011-2012 | web2.0 1

2. Découverte de différents concepts, enjeux, techniques et usages

« We can’t solve problems

by using the same kind of thinking

we used when we created them »

Einstein


Petite historique du web

Télé , en mieux

Einstein



Messagerie Internet 0.0
Communautés universitaires
Communautés militaires
Bulletin Boards
Ordinateurs Ordinateurs

Peer to Peer

Einstein



Einstein



écrire - lire Vente en ligne
information Paiement en ligne
NTIC économie
Entre méfiance et
confiance forcée
Listes de diffusion Sites vitrine

Messagerie
(e-mail)
Web 1.0 Bases de données /
catalogues

forum
CMS
(Content Management System) X
frames

Droits d’auteur
design
HTML 1, 2, 3, … Flash
Navigateurs
DHTML
standardisation
Protocol TCP/IP


SciencesPo Poitiers | 2011-2012 | web2.0 8

Web 2.0

Réseaux sociaux / « social networking »

Si utilisés intelligemment…

Avantage entreprise

Travail collaboratif

Communautés

Rich Internet Applications (RIAs)
Mobilité

Les 5 fondamentaux du web 2.0 : 1 - Technologies

… nouvelles utilisations
et déploiement différent
version bèta
SaaS, PaaS, …
Databases perpétuelle
socialCRM
plateformes
micro formats
workflow

API
adserving

« scalability »
The value of the software is proportional to the scale and dynamism of the data it helps to manage.

Les 5 fondamentaux du web 2.0 : 2 – Client Oriented

Partage : conversation
Wiki / FAQ
Participation « social » :
réseaux, bookmarking, …
Sites Réutilisation
comparateurs évaluation
de prix
Recommandation

buzz… blogs
Eternal beta versions
« users creating value »
Exister / se manifester


“Release early and release often“ => "the perpetual beta"

Users : co-developers

Services such as Gmail, Google Maps, Flickr, delicious, and the like may be
expected to bear a "Beta" logo for years at a time.

Real time monitoring of user behavior to see just which new features are used,
and how they are used, thus becomes another required core competency.

A web developer at a major online service remarked: "We put up two or three
new features on some part of the site every day, and if users don't adopt them,
we take them down. If they like them, we roll them out to the entire site."



Sciences Po Poitiers | 2011 SciencesPo Poitiers | 2011-2012 | web2.0 13
Beerbergman.com

Les 5 fondamentaux du web 2.0 : 3 – Collaboration, crowdsourcing

Partage
(public) chat
« intelligence collective »
Participation
« Curators »
wiki Recherche
veille
workflows Réutilisation

social bookmarking
RSS

Outils collaboratifs

Collective Intelligence Wisdom of Crowds - Crowdsourcing

“A large group of people can create a collective work
whose value far exceeds that provided by
any of the individual participants”
(O’Reilly)

Ex. : Wikipedia
but also : Flickr, YouTube, eBay, Twitter, web mapping, Digg, Amazon,


Collective Intelligence : hyperlinks & tagging

Hyperlinking is the foundation of the web
As users add new content, and new sites, it is bound in to the structure of the web by
other users discovering the content and linking to it. (ranking it and connecting)

Much as synapses form in the brain, with associations becoming stronger through
repetition or intensity, the web of connections grows organically as an output of the
collective activity of all web users.

Google's breakthrough in search was PageRank,
a method of using the link structure of the web rather than just
the characteristics of documents to provide better search results.

Web 2.0 Technology


Collective Intelligence

Network effects from user contributions
are the key to market dominance in the Web 2.0 era

Web 2.0 Technology


Web 2.0 | Gratuité, partage

Knowledge is the only thing that grows when shared


Les 5 fondamentaux du web 2.0 : 4 – E-identity & Social Networking

Exister / se manifester facebook
(public) chat linkedin
Twitter, … Viadeo
(Re-)définition de soi
…
dans plusieurs communautés ou sphères
Intimité -extimité

liens « forts » - liens « faibles » - trous structuraux
Bonding & bridging
Audio /
Aggrégation / mash-up
Vidéo !

Donner pour recevoir


sans engagement, ni objectifs
« me places » liens faibles
opportunités pour donner

Social networks
towards
online communities
débats entre acteurs égaux
engagement, interaction, support
« we places »
données fiables…

Les 5 fondamentaux du web 2.0 : 5 – nouveaux modèles économiques

Implication client
Réactivité !
Information client
Communautés
clients
Fidélisation client

affiliation
Rich user experiences
Rémunération au clic

Extraction information des données
« Marketing 2.0 »

Les 5 fondamentaux du web 2.0 : 5 – nouveaux modèles économiques

The Long Tail – Chris Anderson

Google, 37Signals, AdSense, eBay, …

Key Web 2.0 principle:
the service automatically gets better the more people use it



Sciences Po Poitiers | 2011 SciencesPo Poitiers | 2011-2012 | web2.0 25
Beerbergman.com

Web 1.0 => Web 2.0 => Web² / web 3.0

2000-2004 2005-2009 2009-…

Databases Automated Data collection
Learning data
World Wide Web Saas The network as platform

Mobile Augmented Reality

Information shadow

Talking to the web

Sharing Participation

Crowdsoursing Collective Mind

Hyperlinks Contextual Semantic

Web 2.0 | les mots clés


Evolution (Wikipédia)

Status Name Details

Ironic expression denoting the phases of development before the actual existence of the
Already deployed Web 0.0
Web , the fact that some people do not have Internet or no effect of ad content .

Pleasing expression designating a website using outdated methods, or Internet services be
Web 0.5
deployed without really mature (especially the Web mobile ).

Web 1.0 Static Web

Web 1.5 Dynamic Web

Participatory web, social and collective intelligence . Concept proposed by Tim O'Reilly in
Web 2.0
2005 .

Web 2.0 made it easier to access , , the expression is mostly a reflection on improvements
Web 2.1
to Web 2.0 in the near future.

For some, means the Web turned into a platform for online applications expression also
Web 2.5 used by the company for its method Criteo intelligent content filtering (Web 2.0 is seen as
the provision of content indiscriminate by the participants).

Web 2.B Web 2.0 oriented to trade, see also Business 2.0 and Marketing 2.0


L’avenir du Web ?

Scenarios


Evolution (Wikipédia)

Status Name Details

The Web as an information ecosystem . Concept proposed by Tim O'Reilly (and
Ongoing Web ² John Battelle) as an intermediate step between Web 2.0 and Web 3.0. The choice of the
development (Squared) "square" (square) means that the web development should be seen as exponential, not
linear. General circulation "Squared" even in French .

Expression denoting the next major evolution of the Web. Expected as the Semantic Web , ,
Web 3.0
while others think it will be the Web3D.

Web3d 3D websites; supported by the Web3D Consortium

For Nova Spivack, CEO of Radar Networks, WebOS means the possibility of working with
online tools only .

Web 4.0
For Joel de Rosnay or Seth Godin , , means the Web symbiotic used continuously, without
challenging the relevance of this division, Olivier Ertzscheid think this Web 4.0 Web 3.0
precede .


Petite historique du Web

http://map.web2summit.com



http://map.web2summit.com : interactive => add your own comments !



http://ow.ly/8Zufn : the new 2012 interactive map => add your own comments !


Web² / O’Reilly

1. Redefining Collective Intelligence / New Sensory Input
Collective intelligence applications

2. How the Web learns : Implicit vs Explicit Meaning

3. The Web meets World :
The Information Shadow / The Web of Things

4. The Rise of Real Time : A collective Mind


Web² / O’Reilly | 2. How the Web learns : Implicit vx Explicit Meaning

Collective intelligence :
a large group of people can create a collective work whose value far exceeds that provided by any of the individual participants

But is this really what we mean by collective intelligence?
Isn’t one definition of intelligence, after all,
that characteristic that allows an organism to learn
from and respond to its environment?

Ex.: Amazon.com vs Barnesandnoble.com and ISBN registry provider Bowker


Web² / O’Reilly | 1. Redefining Collective Intelligence / New Sensory Input

Hyperlink = vote / Votes can be ranked and interpreted by machines

Geolocation / learning process by machine (smartphone)

Recognized Speech (« you are speaking to the web »)

Some databases are « taught » to the application
Others (recognition of speech)
are « learned » by
processing large, crowdsourced data sets



Meaning is learned “inferentially” from a body of data / “machine learning”
Ex. Speech recognition and computer vision Google’s AdSense (auction)
Facebook’s “Social Graph” => combination of machine learning and human input

Giving structure to what appears to be unstructured data by teaching an
application how to recognize the connection between the two.
For example, You R Here, an iPhone app, neatly combines these two approaches

Example of “Taught Meaning”
the association between street addresses and GPS coordinates



A key competency of the Web 2.0 era is
discovering implied metadata,
and then building a database to capture that metadata
and/or foster an ecosystem around it

Ex.: Amazon.com vs Barnesandnoble.com and ISBN registry provider Bowker


Web² / O’Reilly | 3. The Web meets World :

Smartphones : microphones, cameras, motion sensors, proximity sensors,
and location sensors (GPS, cell-tower triangulation, compass).

Mobile applications are connected Applications

Sensor-based applications : designed to get better the more people use
them, collecting data that creates a virtuous feedback loop that creates more
usage

Ex. internet-connected GPS applications with built-in feedback loops, reporting your speed and using it to
estimate arrival time based on its knowledge of trafficahead of you.

Ex. : geotagging of photos: users taught their computers the association between photos and locations by tagging them.
When cameras know where they are, every photo will be geotagged, with far greater precision than the humans are
likely to provide.



Real world objects have
“information shadows”
in cyberspace

Mike Kuniavsky of ThingM



(buzz)


Web² / O’Reilly | 4. The Rise of Real Time : A collective Mind

As it becomes more conversational, search has also gotten faster
Blogging added tens of millions of sites that needed to be crawled daily or
even hourly, but microblogging requires instantaneous update

With services like Twitter and Facebook’s status updates,
a new data source has been added to the
- real-time indications of what is on our collective mind.

Twitter hashtags: a human convention that facilitates real-time search on shared events.
Human participation adds a layer of structure - rough and inconsistent as it is – to the raw data stream



Worried about the dehumanizing effect of technology ?

Countertrend

communication binds us together,
gives us shared context, and ultimately shared identity.



Worried about the dehumanizing effect of technology ?

There are many
who worry about the dehumanizing effect of technology.
We share that worry,
but also see the countertrend,
that communication binds us together,
gives us shared context, and ultimately shared identity.



The new direction for the Web,
its collision course with the physical world,
opens enormous new possibilities for business,
and enormous new possibilities to make a difference
on the world’s most pressing problems


Web² / Van Dijk | Study on the Social Impact of ICT (2010)

Ten trends reinforced by ICT

1. Time: the acceleration of all societal processes
2. Space: increasing mobility
3. Scale: globalization
4. Social infrastructure: network individualization
5. Complexity: the rise of registration for control
6. Capitalism: rejuvenation and growing instability
7. Class: growing social inequality
8. Politics: civil emancipation and the rise of populism
9. Culture: the rise of participation in the media
10. Daily life: increasing choice opportunities


Web 2.0, Web², Web 3.0 : What kind of a society do we want ?

Both positive and negative trends,
opportunities and counter effects the web offer us,
implies that thorough and ongoing research
of treats and opportunities is necessary
in order to structure our thoughts
about what kind of a society we want to (co-)create.

D’où l’étude de la société sous toutes ses formes « 2.0 »


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