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Work Stress
WHAT IS STRESS?

 Stress is your mind and body’s
  response or reaction to a real or
  imagined threat, event or change.
 The threat, event or change are
  commonly called stressors. Stressors
  can be internal (thoughts, beliefs,
  attitudes or external (loss, tragedy,
  change).
EUSTRESS

Eustress or positive stress occurs when
your level of stress is high enough to
motivate you to move into action to get
things accomplished.
DISTRESS
Distress or negative stress occurs when
your level of stress is either too high or
too low and your body and/or mind
begin to respond negatively to the
stressors.
Work Stress and Its Management

Stress
A dynamic condition in which an individual is
confronted with an opportunity, constraint,
or demand related to what he or she desires
and for which the outcome is perceived to
be both uncertain and important.
Constraints
Forces that prevent individuals
from doing what they desire.


Demands
The loss of something
desired.
Potential Sources of Stress
 Environmental Factors
  – Economic uncertainties of the business cycle
  – Political uncertainties of political systems
  – Technological uncertainties of technical innovations
  – Terrorism in threats to physical safety and security
 Organizational Factors
   – Task demands related to the job
   – Role demands of functioning in an organization
   – Interpersonal demands created by other employees
   – Organizational structure (rules and regulations)
   – Organizational leadership (managerial style)
   – Organization’s life stage (growth, stability, or decline)
Potential Sources of Stress (cont’d)
 Individual Factors
   – Family and personal relationships
   – Economic problems from exceeding earning capacity
   – Personality problems arising for basic disposition
 Individual Differences
   – Perceptual variations of how reality will affect the
     individual’s future.
   – Greater job experience moderates stress effects.
   – Social support buffers job stress.
   – Internal locus of control lowers perceived job stress.
   – Strong feelings of self-efficacy reduce reactions to job
     stress.
Consequences of Stress


                High Levels
                 of Stress




Physiological   Psychological   Behavioral
 Symptoms        Symptoms       Symptoms
Psychological/ subjective


 The subjective or intrapersonal effects of stress are
  feelings of anxiety,
 Boredom
 Nervousness
 Depression
 Fatigue and
 Anger
Physiological consequences



   The physiological effects can be seen in
   Increased heart and pulse rate,
   High blood pressure,
   Dryness of throat,
   Excessive sweating,
   Headache
Behavioral consequences
The behavioral effects are manifested in such things as:

   Accident proneness,
   Drinking,
   Excessive eating,
   Smoking,
   Impulsive behaviors,
   Depression, and withdrawal behaviors.
   Low productivity
   Absenteeism
   Turnover
A Model of Stress
Inverted-U Relationship between Stress and
Job Performance

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Stress

  • 2. WHAT IS STRESS?  Stress is your mind and body’s response or reaction to a real or imagined threat, event or change.  The threat, event or change are commonly called stressors. Stressors can be internal (thoughts, beliefs, attitudes or external (loss, tragedy, change).
  • 3. EUSTRESS Eustress or positive stress occurs when your level of stress is high enough to motivate you to move into action to get things accomplished.
  • 4. DISTRESS Distress or negative stress occurs when your level of stress is either too high or too low and your body and/or mind begin to respond negatively to the stressors.
  • 5. Work Stress and Its Management Stress A dynamic condition in which an individual is confronted with an opportunity, constraint, or demand related to what he or she desires and for which the outcome is perceived to be both uncertain and important.
  • 6. Constraints Forces that prevent individuals from doing what they desire. Demands The loss of something desired.
  • 7. Potential Sources of Stress  Environmental Factors – Economic uncertainties of the business cycle – Political uncertainties of political systems – Technological uncertainties of technical innovations – Terrorism in threats to physical safety and security
  • 8.  Organizational Factors – Task demands related to the job – Role demands of functioning in an organization – Interpersonal demands created by other employees – Organizational structure (rules and regulations) – Organizational leadership (managerial style) – Organization’s life stage (growth, stability, or decline)
  • 9. Potential Sources of Stress (cont’d)  Individual Factors – Family and personal relationships – Economic problems from exceeding earning capacity – Personality problems arising for basic disposition  Individual Differences – Perceptual variations of how reality will affect the individual’s future. – Greater job experience moderates stress effects. – Social support buffers job stress. – Internal locus of control lowers perceived job stress. – Strong feelings of self-efficacy reduce reactions to job stress.
  • 10. Consequences of Stress High Levels of Stress Physiological Psychological Behavioral Symptoms Symptoms Symptoms
  • 11. Psychological/ subjective  The subjective or intrapersonal effects of stress are feelings of anxiety,  Boredom  Nervousness  Depression  Fatigue and  Anger
  • 12. Physiological consequences  The physiological effects can be seen in  Increased heart and pulse rate,  High blood pressure,  Dryness of throat,  Excessive sweating,  Headache
  • 13. Behavioral consequences The behavioral effects are manifested in such things as:  Accident proneness,  Drinking,  Excessive eating,  Smoking,  Impulsive behaviors,  Depression, and withdrawal behaviors.  Low productivity  Absenteeism  Turnover
  • 14. A Model of Stress
  • 15. Inverted-U Relationship between Stress and Job Performance