In 2010, Germany will draft a comprehensive Energy Concept that will provide a climate and energy roadmap to 2050. The Concept is expected to address controversial issues like an extension of nuclear power and investments into renewable energy and smart-grid technologies.

1. Tapfheim, Germany (770 kW); Gehrlicher Solar AG
German National Energy
German National Energy Concept 2010
2010
Background
Drafted by Brooke Heaton, Robert Bosch Foundation Fellow, Berlin 2010 brookeheaton@gmail.com

2. German National Energy Concept 2010
• By November, 2010 ‐ Germany will adopt a comprehensive, long term energy
plan for 2010 ‐ 2050.
• An interim report will be adopted by the German Ministry for Economy and the
German Ministry for the Environment by May 15, 2010.
• Plans to develop the concept were announced in December 2005 but efforts by
Plans to develop the concept were announced in December 2005, but efforts by
the Chancellor and Cabinet to complete one by 2007 failed.
• In October 2009 the new CDU/FDP coalition announced their desire for a new
energy concept „free of ideology, open to technology and market oriented“.
• A key goal will be to promote national consensus on contentious energy issues:
End date
End date for nuclear energy, deployment of renewable energies, electric grid.
nuclear energy, deployment of renewable energies, electric grid.
Drafted by Brooke Heaton, Robert Bosch Foundation Fellow, Berlin 2010 brookeheaton@gmail.com 2

3. National Energy Concept ‐ Background
• First Comprehensive Energy Concept since 1981.
• Will provide a climate‐protection and energy policy perspective to 2050.
p o de a c ate p otect o a d e e gy po cy pe spect e to 050
• Will include four ‚goal oriented scenarios → Extension of nuclear run‐times of
4, 8, 12 and 28 years.
• Will evaluate and modify the Integrated Climate and Energy Program of 2007.
• Will be based upon binding EU directives for renewable energy (REPAP ‐ 18%).
• All affected ministries will provide input thorugh a strategic group.
• Initial report will be discussed in a hearing with legislative groups, federal states
and unions.
Source: Presentation by Franzjosef Schafhausen , Head of Climate Division, German Federal Ministry for Environment, Nature Conservation and Nuclear Safety
Berlin, presented at the Forum for Future Energy January 10, 2010. http://www.zukunftsenergien.de/hp2/downloads/vortraege/schafhausen‐kopenhagenII.pdf
Drafted by Brooke Heaton, Robert Bosch Foundation Fellow, Berlin 2010 brookeheaton@gmail.com 3

4. Key Players in the National Energy Concept
• The Federal Ministry for the Environment, Nature Conservation and Nuclear
Security (BMU) will work with the Ministry for Economy and Technlogy
(BMWi)to d f h
( i) draft the Energy Concept.
C
• Energiewirtschaftliches Institut der Universität Köln (EWI), Prognos‐Institut
and Gesellschaft für Wirtschaftliche Strukturforschung (GWS) will draft four
g( )
‚energy scenarios‘ based on extended run‐times of 4, 12, 20, and 28 years for
nuclear energy. These will be integrated in the concept.
• A Ressort Group of all affected ministries (BMWi BMU BMBF AA BMI etc) will
A Ressort Group of all affected ministries (BMWi, BMU, BMBF, AA, BMI etc) will
provide input into the process.
• Hearings involving Legislative Groups, the Länder, and Unions will follow the
interim report (Zwischenbericht) after June 15th.
( h b h) f h
Drafted by Brooke Heaton, Robert Bosch Foundation Fellow, Berlin 2010 brookeheaton@gmail.com 4

5. Other voices in the National Energy Concept Debate
• A Forum for the Integration of Renewable Energy, which brings together NGOs
and business interests is engaged and provides input to the BMU in the process.
• German Renewable Energy Association (BEE) drafted proposal for EU REPAP.
• Greenpeace offered its own concept with a clear end to nuclear power by 2030.
• Fraunhofer Society pubslished study of possible system conflicts between
renewables and baseload energy producers.
• DUH has drafted a statement criticizing the presumptions of the Energy
has drafted a statement criticizing the presumptions of the Energy
Scenarios as a justification for a nuclear extension and not economically or
environmentally feasible. Pressekonferenz May 5, 2010.
• CSU B
CSU, Bavaria has drafted its own Energy Concept focussing on extension of
i h d ft d it E C tf i t i f
nuclear and calling for price‐cutting measures.
Drafted by Brooke Heaton, Robert Bosch Foundation Fellow, Berlin 2010 brookeheaton@gmail.com 5

6. National Energy Concept ‐ Timeline
Sept 2009 Concept Open hearings with
CDU/SPD Government Begins Process; Three
Formulated by Federal States,
Energy Summits; Integrated Climate and Energy Federal BMU, BMWi and Unions and
Program
Elections Consultant Parliament
BMU Formulates EU
Renewable Energy Policy
Action Plan
Dec 2005 April 2006 Oct 2006 July 2007 Oct 2009 Mid June 2010 June 30 2010 Oct 2010
Merkel Announces
Three Energy New Coalition Intermediate Report Final Energy Concept
Need for Energy REPAP Report Due
Summits are Held Government on Energy Concept. Apdopted.
Concept
Lack of comprehensive,
Lack of comprehensive First Energy Summit:
First Energy Summit: Coalition Agreement
g The Environmental
The Environmental In accordance with EU By October 2010 a final
2010 a final
long‐term concept since •Core issues discussed calls for a new National Ministry and Economic Renewable Energy energy concept will be
1981. •Working groups Energy Concept „free of Ministry will issue an Sources Directive, adopted. This concept
New issues : formed ideology, open to intermediate report on Germany must outline a will be based on goal‐
•Energy dependence Second Energy Summit: technology and market the Energy Concept. Renewable Energy oreinted scenarios and
•Need for diversification •Reports issued on oriented“. A review of Open hearings with the Policy Action Plan to will provide a climate
•Climate Change Research and Efficiency, the Integrated Climate federal states, achieve 18% Renewable and energy perspective
•Renewable energy.
Renewable National Issues,
National Issues, gy y,
and Energy Policy, parliament and unions Energy by 2020. The
gy y to 2050. Speicific
2050. Speicific
•Need for consensus on International Context adjustments to the EEG, will be held to review report will provide a policies related to
nuclear energy. Third Energy Summit: improvements in the progress and to building block for the infrastructure, research,
•Leads to Integrated infrastructure , new make adjustments. National Energy incentive programs and
Climate and Energy research areas and an Concept. foreign policy will be
Programm (IKEP) energy foreign policy outlined.
are outlined.
6

7. National Energy Concept – Likely Proposals
• Nuclear energy as a ‚bridging technology‘ with no new construction of plants.
Extension of ‘Atomaustieg’ to extend runtimes of plants (4‐28 year extension).
• Further deployment of renewable energy.
• Extension of efficiency measures.
• Construction of high‐efficiency coal plants and use of CCS.
• Renovation and extension of energy infrastructure (electricity, pipelines, carbon
transport, storage, distribution points etc) to increase system flexibility.
transport storage distribution points etc) to increase system flexibility
• Plans for new transport technologies and infrastructure.
• Expansion of international efforts (DESERTEC, US‐German Cooperation,
p ( , p ,
UNFCCC, EU, Joint Projects).
Source: Presentation by Franzjosef Schafhausen , Head of Climate Division, German Federal Ministry for Environment, Nature Conservation and Nuclear Safety
Berlin, presented at the Forum for Future Energy January 10, 2010. http://www.zukunftsenergien.de/hp2/downloads/vortraege/schafhausen‐kopenhagenII.pdf
Drafted by Brooke Heaton, Robert Bosch Foundation Fellow, Berlin 2010 brookeheaton@gmail.com 7

8. CDU/FDP Coalition Agreement ‐ Energy Goals
• Renewable energies should make up the main part of Germany’s energy supply.
• Use of nuclear energy as bridging technology until reliably replaced by
Use o uc ea e e gy as b dg g tec o ogy u t e ab y ep aced by
renewables.
• Finance expansion of renewable energies according to the Renewable Energies
Act and retain unlimited feed‐in priority.
Act and retain unlimited feed in priority
• Develop new energy research program focusing on energy efficiency, storage,
smart grid and second generation biofuels.
• Make Germany a “lead market” in electric mobility.
• Invest in and modernize electric grid for better interlinking and cross border
transfer.
t f
• Develop strategy for power union with North Africa for solar and wind energy.
• Promote establishment of the IRENA Technology and Innovation Center in Bonn
Promote establishment of the IRENA Technology and Innovation Center in Bonn.
• Develop 'energy foreign policy' and diversify energy supply and transport
sources.
Source: CDU/FDP Coalition Agreement "Growth. Education. Unity" http://www.cdu.de/en/doc/091215‐koalitionsvertrag‐2009‐2013‐englisch.pdf
Drafted by Brooke Heaton, Robert Bosch Foundation Fellow, Berlin 2010 brookeheaton@gmail.com 8

9. National Energy Research Priorites
• Improved control of flexible, intelligent, low‐loss electricity network w/ storage.
• Nuclear technology ‐ nuclear security and long‐term waste storage.
uc ea tec o ogy uc ea secu ty a d o g te aste sto age
• Electric mobility‐ advanced batteries, integration of electric transport into
network and transition from carbon‐based to e‐automobiles.
• Planning of improved national and international electricity network for better
incorporation of renewable sources (i.e. PV).
• Investment into more efficient and cost‐effective electric storage technologies
Investment into more efficient and cost effective electric storage technologies.
• Pursuit of cost‐reducing innovations, such as PV absorber materials (CdTe).
• Increase transparency of PV electrodes (i.e. Indium tin dioxide).
p y ( )
Source: Concept for and Integrated Energy Research Program for Germany, German Academy of Sciences:
http://www.acatech.de/fileadmin/user_upload/Baumstruktur_nach_Website/Acatech/root/de/Projekte/Laufende_Projekte/Konzept_fuer_ein_integriertes_Energief
orschungsprogramm.pdf
Drafted by Brooke Heaton, Robert Bosch Foundation Fellow, Berlin 2010 brookeheaton@gmail.com 9

10. EU Issues Impacting the Energy Concept
• In March 2007, the EU Council adopted a binding target to source 20% of the EU's
overall energy from renewables by 2020.
• Germany will be required to source 18% of its energy from renewables by 2020.
• By June 2010, EU member states must draft National Renewable Energy Action Plans.
• The EU electricity market is hampered by a grid incapable of EU‐wide transmission.
h l k h db d bl f d
• In June 2009, the EU adopted a directive on the internal market liberalization in
electricity to remove barriers to renewable electricity's access to the grid.
• The Mediterranean Solar Plan aims to harness significant solar and wind potentials in
N. Africa through a multinational partnership program.
• C
Current EU Energy Commissioner, Günther Oettinger, is German.
t EU E C i i Gü th O tti i G
Source: Euractive.com EU Renewable Energy Policy http://www.euractiv.com/en/energy/eu‐renewable‐energy‐policy/article‐117536
Drafted by Brooke Heaton, Robert Bosch Foundation Fellow, Berlin 2010 brookeheaton@gmail.com 10

11. Basis of Scenarios: 2009 BMU Report
Drafted by Brooke Heaton, Robert Bosch Foundation Fellow, Berlin 2010 brookeheaton@gmail.com 11

12. Key Issue – Extension for Nuclear Power
Previous scenarios will likely
change to include extensions of
nuclear energy beyond 2022
Source: „Langfristszenarien und Strategien für den Ausbau erneuerbarer Energien in Deutschland“, BMU, August 2009
Drafted by Brooke Heaton, Robert Bosch Foundation Fellow, Berlin 2010 brookeheaton@gmail.com 12

13. Political Positions
Joachim Pfeiffer, CDU – “It is my opinion that we should keep our nuclear
reactors in operation longer. That is, according to the normal lifespan
of 60 years. At the moment, we anticipate 32 years. Accordingly, we
f 60 h i i 32 di l
could produce 60 to 70 percent of the electricity in Germany carbon‐
free in 2020, that is 30 percent nuclear and 35 percent renewable
energy.“ (http://www.taz.de/zeitung/genossenschaft/atomkraft/ )
“
Norbert Röttgen, CDU – “Nuclear energy has not had sufficient public
support… It would be dishonest to promise cheap energy, if we extend
the lifespan of nuclear in order to invest a substantial amount of the
extra profits in renewable energy." (http://www.tagesschau.de/inland/atomausstieg112.html)
Rainer Brüderle, FDP – “The plan to import 25 percent of Europe‘s
electricity needs from North Africa by 2050 should be incorporated
into the national energy concept.“ (http://www.zeit.de/newsticker/2010/3/8/iptc‐bdt‐20100308‐605‐24151612xml)
i t th ti l t“
Drafted by Brooke Heaton, Robert Bosch Foundation Fellow, Berlin 2010 brookeheaton@gmail.com 13

14. Political Positions
Thomas Bareiß, CDU – “With arguments such as lower electricity prices
security of supply, it’s easy to be convinced of the argument for a
limited extension of the lifespan of nuclear plants.“
li i d i f h lif f l l “
http://www.cdu‐fuchs.de/presse/detailansicht/datum/2010/januar/28/artikel/union‐geht‐roettgens‐solarkuerzung‐nicht‐weit‐genug.html
Michael Kauch, FDP – “In the long run, I stand for the use of renewable
energy sources only. But in the near term, we need an energy mix
from renewables, climate friendlier coal power with CO2 capture and
nuclear as a interim technology.“ http://www.michael‐kauch.de/kauchs‐themen/umweltenergie.html
Rainer Baake, DUH ‐ “Th
R i B k DUH “The energy concept remains an idea without value
t i id ith t l
if it does not take into account the system conflict between renewables
and classic power plants. The way into a renewable future must be
concretely and comprehensively described in the government
concretely and comprehensively described in the government
concept.“ http://www.duh.de/pressemitteilung.html?&tx_ttnews%5Btt_news%5D=2207
Drafted by Brooke Heaton, Robert Bosch Foundation Fellow, Berlin 2010 brookeheaton@gmail.com 14

15. Political Positions
CSU Energy Concept ‐ “Nuclear energy is a bridging technology, with which
can not be dispensed of in the next two years. Nuclear energy, which
covers around 60% of the power needs of Bavaria, can not be replaced
d 60% f h d f i b l d
in the foreseable future by reneable energy.“
http://www.handelsblatt.com/politik/deutschland/kernkraft‐csu‐prescht‐mit‐energiekonzept‐voran;2561203
Martin Zeil, CSU (Bavaria) ‐ “With the Energy Concept, the federal
Martin Zeil CSU (Bavaria) “With the Energy Concept the federal
government must decisively acheive the poltical conditions for the
needed investments in power plants, grids, and on‐site energy storage.
Precisely for these reasons, the current FIT reforms, which are locking
Precisely for these reasons the current FIT reforms which are locking
comparatively cheap power stations such as ground mounted solar, out
of higher compensation rates, must be reconsidered.“
http://www.stmwivt.bayern.de/presseinfo/pressearchiv/2010/04/pm138.html
Drafted by Brooke Heaton, Robert Bosch Foundation Fellow, Berlin 2010 brookeheaton@gmail.com 15

16. Political Positions
• German Environmental Aid (DUH) „The Energy Concept will be a
‘twiddle‐the‐thumbs‐scenario’ by which everything that has been
achieved by the previous administration in terms of the atomic exit and
hi d b h i d i i i i f h i i d
economic wins will be undone. More importantly, the outcome is now
clear and purely serves the political interests of the coalition partners to
bless an extension of nuclear run‐times for dubious economic reasons.
bl t i f l ti f d bi i
Drafted by Brooke Heaton, Robert Bosch Foundation Fellow, Berlin 2010 brookeheaton@gmail.com 16

17. Industry and NGO Positions:
Drafted by Brooke Heaton, Robert Bosch Foundation Fellow, Berlin 2010 brookeheaton@gmail.com 17

18. Key Issues
• Impact of nuclear extension on investment in renewable (near‐long term)
• Possible “system conflict” between base‐load and variable energy sources
oss b e syste co ct bet ee base oad a d a ab e e e gy sou ces
• Investment and management of smart‐grid system
• Investment and incentives for storage and combined power plants
• Impact of “Energy Foreign Policy” on EU and international market (DESERTEC).
• Cross‐border transfers of electricity
Drafted by Brooke Heaton, Robert Bosch Foundation Fellow, Berlin 2010 brookeheaton@gmail.com 18