8. the juvenile court movement
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CJCJ's Executive Director Daniel Macallair, is a practitioner-in-residence at San Francisco State University (SFSU)'s Department of Criminal Justice Studies. These slides are from his Juvenile Justice course materials.
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8. the juvenile court movement
- 1. www.cjcj.org © Center on Juvenile and Criminal Justice 2013 40 Boardman Place San Francisco, CA 94103 The Juvenile Court Movement
- 2. www.cjcj.org © Center on Juvenile and Criminal Justice 2013 40 Boardman Place San Francisco, CA 94103 CHILD SAVERS • 19TH CENTURY REFORMERS WHO DEVELOPED PROGRAMS FOR TROUBLED YOUTH AND INFLUENCED LEGISLATION CREATING THE JUVENILE JUSTICE SYSTEM
- 3. www.cjcj.org © Center on Juvenile and Criminal Justice 2013 40 Boardman Place San Francisco, CA 94103 Contribution of 19th Century Child Savers • Laid the structural foundation for today’s child welfare and juvenile justice systems • Promoted legislation that improved social conditions for children • Promoted an expanded definition of childhood
- 4. www.cjcj.org © Center on Juvenile and Criminal Justice 2013 40 Boardman Place San Francisco, CA 94103 First Juvenile Court An Act to Regulate the Treatment and Control of Dependent, Neglected and Delinquent Children (Illinois Legislature 1899)
- 5. www.cjcj.org © Center on Juvenile and Criminal Justice 2013 40 Boardman Place San Francisco, CA 94103 Goals of juvenile court advocates • Remove children form adult jails and prisons • Control children’s behavior outside of the criminal court • Avoid the obstacles of due process protections by establishing a civil process
- 6. www.cjcj.org © Center on Juvenile and Criminal Justice 2013 40 Boardman Place San Francisco, CA 94103
- 7. www.cjcj.org © Center on Juvenile and Criminal Justice 2013 40 Boardman Place San Francisco, CA 94103 Legal Foundation of the Juvenile Court • Parens Patriae • In loco parentis • Limited criminal responsibility • Best interest of the child • Individualized justice
- 8. www.cjcj.org © Center on Juvenile and Criminal Justice 2013 40 Boardman Place San Francisco, CA 94103 Characertistics of a Juvenile Court Proceeding • Informal hearing • Absence of due process • Judge as parental figure • Probation officer as neutral agent
- 9. www.cjcj.org © Center on Juvenile and Criminal Justice 2013 40 Boardman Place San Francisco, CA 94103 • JUDGE BENJAMIN LINDSEY • Considered the boys that went through his court as “his boys” • Believed that every child is good but some take the wrong path • Juvenile justice should strengthen the child’s chances through support and encouragement • Rehabilitation is everything • Saw the adult court as a “chamber that victimized children”
- 10. www.cjcj.org © Center on Juvenile and Criminal Justice 2013 40 Boardman Place San Francisco, CA 94103 Elements of the Early Juvenile Court • Courts • Child Guidance Clinics • Probation case work services • Detention facilities
- 11. www.cjcj.org © Center on Juvenile and Criminal Justice 2013 40 Boardman Place San Francisco, CA 94103 The Juvenile Court Movement • By 1920 all but three states had juvenile courts and by 1945 all states had juvenile courts