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Nichodemus Rudaheranwa Economic Affairs Division The Commonwealth Secretariat [email_address]
Presentation outline ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Export profile of LDCs ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Trends in LDC exports in 2000s ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
LDCs exports of goods & commercial services, 2000-2009 (Index, 2000=100)
LDC export concentration ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Composition of LDC merchandise exports by major products, 2009
Dependency on few products & services-Challenges ,[object Object],[object Object]
LDC merchandise exports, Jan 2006-April 2010 (Indices, Jan 2006=100)
LDC agricultural exports, Jan 2006-April 2010 (Indices, Jan 2006=100)
LDC export of fuels and minerals, Jan 2006-April 2010 (Indices, Jan 2006=100)
LDC export of manufactures, Jan 2006-April 2010 (Indices, Jan 2006=100)
LDC participation in global trade ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Export prices of primary commodities for 1999-2009 (Indices, 2000=100)
Markets for LDCs exports ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Top 20 markets for LDC merchandise exports, 2000-2009  (US$ Billion)
Composition of imports from LDCs by region, 2009 or most recent
LDCS Trade balance since 2000 ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
LDC Trade balance since 2000
LDC merchandise export trade, 2000-2009 (Billion dollars and indices, 2000=100) 0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 (Billion  dollars) 0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 (Indices,  2000=100) Non-fuel imports Fuel imports Value index of non-fuel imports Value index of fuel imports
LDC merchandise import trade, 2000-2009 (Billion dollars and indices, 2000=100) 0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 (Billion  dollars) 0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 (Indices,  2000=100) Non-fuel exporters Fuel exporters Value index of non-fuel exporters Value index of fuels exporters
Coverage ratios of imports by exports of the LDCs, 2000-2009 (ratio of total exports to imports - %) ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Coverage ratios of imports by exports of the LDCs, 2000-2009 (ratio of groups' total exports to imports - %)   2000 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 Developing economies 105 109 112 111 108 106 LDCs 83 94 103 103 105 85 - Agricultural exporters 41 34 34 37 35 34 - Fuel exporters 164 195 207 208 216 154 - Mineral exporters 68 68 83 77 73 73 - Manufacture exporters 65 62 66 60 55 57 - Diversified and others  42 36 35 28 30 37
Challenge of natural resource exploitation  ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Possible measures: Opportunities for more discoveries ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Possible measures: Concessions  and taxation ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Possible measures: corruption, env. damage & savings ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Market access conditions for LDCs ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Some measures favourable to LDC exports   G ranting country Description Beneficiaries Margin of preference USA GSP for LDCs  by the USA. Entry into force in 1976 extended until Dec. 2010  43 LDCs In addition to standard GSP coverage of nearly 5,000 products, 1,450 articles exclusively available  for LDCs duty free. AGOA. Entry into force  in May 2000 extended until 2015 38 SSA (including 25 LDCs) 1,835 products including  textiles and apparels for duty free Australia DFQF. Entry into force July 2003 LDCs All products Brazil DFQF scheme LDCs 80% of tariff lines on products from LDCs to be granted by mid 2010 Canada GSP; Entry into force January 2003, extended until June 2014 LDCs All tariff items except dairy, poultry and egg products China Forum on China-Africa cooperation LDCs in Africa having diplomatic relationship with China 30 LDCs in Africa came under the DFQF market access. Zero tariff treatment to be phased in for 95% of products starting with 60% of products in 2010 Special preference tariffs Yemen, Maldives, Samoa, Vanuatu and Yemen Unilateral  special preferential tariffs (zero rated) offered on 286 categories of products EU GSP-EBA. Entry into force in March 2001 LDCs Under EBA, DFQF market access for all products  except arms and ammunitions  Economic Partnership Agreement 79 ACP countries, 49 of which are LDCs DFQF under EPAs.
Measures to enhance the effectiveness of trade preferences ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Financing for development ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Recommendations for action ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Conclusions ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Thank you End

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Nichodemus rudaheranwa1

  • 1. Nichodemus Rudaheranwa Economic Affairs Division The Commonwealth Secretariat [email_address]
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  • 5. LDCs exports of goods & commercial services, 2000-2009 (Index, 2000=100)
  • 6.
  • 7. Composition of LDC merchandise exports by major products, 2009
  • 8.
  • 9. LDC merchandise exports, Jan 2006-April 2010 (Indices, Jan 2006=100)
  • 10. LDC agricultural exports, Jan 2006-April 2010 (Indices, Jan 2006=100)
  • 11. LDC export of fuels and minerals, Jan 2006-April 2010 (Indices, Jan 2006=100)
  • 12. LDC export of manufactures, Jan 2006-April 2010 (Indices, Jan 2006=100)
  • 13.
  • 14. Export prices of primary commodities for 1999-2009 (Indices, 2000=100)
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  • 16. Top 20 markets for LDC merchandise exports, 2000-2009 (US$ Billion)
  • 17. Composition of imports from LDCs by region, 2009 or most recent
  • 18.
  • 19. LDC Trade balance since 2000
  • 20. LDC merchandise export trade, 2000-2009 (Billion dollars and indices, 2000=100) 0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 (Billion dollars) 0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 (Indices, 2000=100) Non-fuel imports Fuel imports Value index of non-fuel imports Value index of fuel imports
  • 21. LDC merchandise import trade, 2000-2009 (Billion dollars and indices, 2000=100) 0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 (Billion dollars) 0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 (Indices, 2000=100) Non-fuel exporters Fuel exporters Value index of non-fuel exporters Value index of fuels exporters
  • 22.
  • 23. Coverage ratios of imports by exports of the LDCs, 2000-2009 (ratio of groups' total exports to imports - %)   2000 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 Developing economies 105 109 112 111 108 106 LDCs 83 94 103 103 105 85 - Agricultural exporters 41 34 34 37 35 34 - Fuel exporters 164 195 207 208 216 154 - Mineral exporters 68 68 83 77 73 73 - Manufacture exporters 65 62 66 60 55 57 - Diversified and others 42 36 35 28 30 37
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  • 29. Some measures favourable to LDC exports   G ranting country Description Beneficiaries Margin of preference USA GSP for LDCs by the USA. Entry into force in 1976 extended until Dec. 2010 43 LDCs In addition to standard GSP coverage of nearly 5,000 products, 1,450 articles exclusively available for LDCs duty free. AGOA. Entry into force in May 2000 extended until 2015 38 SSA (including 25 LDCs) 1,835 products including textiles and apparels for duty free Australia DFQF. Entry into force July 2003 LDCs All products Brazil DFQF scheme LDCs 80% of tariff lines on products from LDCs to be granted by mid 2010 Canada GSP; Entry into force January 2003, extended until June 2014 LDCs All tariff items except dairy, poultry and egg products China Forum on China-Africa cooperation LDCs in Africa having diplomatic relationship with China 30 LDCs in Africa came under the DFQF market access. Zero tariff treatment to be phased in for 95% of products starting with 60% of products in 2010 Special preference tariffs Yemen, Maldives, Samoa, Vanuatu and Yemen Unilateral special preferential tariffs (zero rated) offered on 286 categories of products EU GSP-EBA. Entry into force in March 2001 LDCs Under EBA, DFQF market access for all products except arms and ammunitions Economic Partnership Agreement 79 ACP countries, 49 of which are LDCs DFQF under EPAs.
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  • 33.