Heather Dylla - Measuring Sustainability
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Presentation delivered at the CalAPA Spring Asphalt Pavement Conference April 9-10, 2014 in Ontario. Topic: Understanding the ins and outs of environmental sustainability as it relates to pavements, including lifecycle measurement.
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Heather Dylla - Measuring Sustainability
- 1. 1 © Copyright 2012 Daniel J Edelman Inc. Intelligent Engagement Measuring Environmental Sustainability Heather Dylla Director of Sustainable Engineering 2014 CalAPA Spring Asphalt Pavement Conference & Equipment Expo
- 2. 2 Outline • What does it mean to be “Sustainable”? • Why do we need to quantify our environmental impact? • How do we measure our environmental impact? • Green Rating Metrics • Life Cycle Assessments
- 3. 3 Definition of Sustainable Sustainable “Meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own”1 Sustainable Pavements? No universal definition “Triple Bottom Line” Environmental EconomicSocial 1 UN World Commission on Environment and Development
- 4. 4 Sustainable Asphalt Pavements Societal • Safe • Quiet • Smooth Ride Quality • Minimizes User Delay • Natural Resource Conservation Economic • Virgin Material Reuse/Replacement • Reduced Fuel • Improved Durability • Long Life Environmental • Storm Water Runoff • Water Treatment • Reduce Emissions • Reduce Landfill
- 5. 5 Sustainable Asphalt Technologies Reclaimed Asphalt Pavement (RAP) Ground Tire Rubber (GTR) Recycled Asphalt Shingles (RAS) Porous Asphalt Warm Mix Asphalt (WMA) Perpetual Asphalt Pavement
- 6. 6 Why do we need to quantify our environmental impact?
- 7. 7 New Era of Product Transparency Increasing need for quantifying a product’s impact towards sustainability • Growing Public Demand for Sustainability • Adds Credibility to Green Marketing • Environmental Benchmarking • Potential Tool for Pavement Selection If we don’t do it, someone else will do it for us!
- 8. 8 Growing Public Demand 81% Executive Corporate Leaders believe need to adopt sustainability principals McGraw-Hill Construction 2012 >50% of State DOT’s have adopted sustainability principles NCHRP 20-83 2012
- 9. 9 Increasing Business Opportunities Public Demand s 44% Green nonresidentia l construction $66 Billion McGraw-Hill Construction January 2014
- 10. 10 Transportation Challenges – Benchmarking Need Total U.S. Greenhouse Gas (GHG) Emissions by Economic Sector in 2011 • 84% of the GHG from the transportation sector from vehicle combustion EPA 2011
- 11. 11 Credibility Public Demand True Goods 2013 Recycling, Reusing, or products from a Local manufacture does not necessarily mean the product is “green”
- 12. 12 Measuring Sustainability Tools How Do We Measure Environmental Impact? • Green Rating Metrics • Life Cycle Assessments
- 14. 14 Standards • Voluntary • Sets stakeholder metrics • Defines Industry Best Practices • No enforcement • No Review Codes • Law • Permits • Little Flexibility • Code Official Review Rating Systems • Voluntary • Aspirational & Elective • Ratings define achievement • 3rd Party Review Measuring Sustainability Tools
- 15. 15 Infrastructure Green Rating Systems • National, State, Local • Rating Tool • Best practices • Earn Credits • Indicator of sustainability I-LAST™
- 16. 16 v.2009 New Construction Subcategories – Sustainable Sites – Water Efficiency – Energy & Atmosphere – Indoor Environmental Quality – Materials & Resources – Innovation and Design – Regional Priority US Green Building Council (USGBC) Scope: Buildings and Neighborhoods Pavement Related - 10% – Urban Heat Island nonroof (1 pt) – Stormwater design (2 pts) – Construction waste management (2 pts) – Materials reuse (2 pts) – Recycled content (2 pts) – Regional materials (2 pts) Leadership in Energy & Environmental Design
- 17. 17 Envision Scope: Civil Infrastructure Pavement Related - 25% Leadership 10 By-Product Synergy Opportunities 1 Extend Useful Life 1 Natural World 15 Manage Stormwater 1 Quality of Life 13 Minimize Noise 1 Develop Local Skills and Capabilities 1 Enhance Public Health and Safety 1 Climate and Risk 8 Reduce Greenhouse Gas Emissions 1 Reduce Air Pollutant Emissions 1 Prepare for Long-Term Climate Adaptability 1 Manage Heat Island Effects 1 Resource Allocation 14 Reduce Net Embodied Energy 1 Support Sustainable Procurement 1 Use Recycled Materials 1 Use Regional Materials 1 Divert Waste from Landfills 1 Provide for Deconstruction and Recycling 1
- 18. 18 INVEST Project Development 126 Stormwater Up to 9 Reduce and Reuse Up to 8 Recycle Materials Up to 8 Long-Life Pavement 5 Reduce Energy Emissions in Pavement Materials 3 Contractor Warranty 1 or 3 Construction Environmental Training 1 Construction Equipment Emission Reduction 2 Construction Noise Mitigation 2 Construction Quality Control Plan 5 Construction Waste Management Plan 3 Scope (3 Modules) • System Planning – Transportation system & project planning • Project Development – Design & Construction • Operations & Maintenance Pavement Related - 39%
- 19. 19 Greenroads Scope: Roadway Design & Construction Pavement Related - 45% Project Requirements 11 Environment & Water 21 Access & Equity 30 Construction Activities 14 Quality Management System 2 Environmental Training 1 Site Recycling Plan 1 Fossil Fuel Reduction 1-2 Equipment Emission Reduction 1-2 Paving Emissions Reduction 1 Contractor Warranty 3 Materials & Resources 23 Life Cycle Assessment 2 Pavement Reuse 1-5 Recycled Materials 1-5 Regional Materials 1-5 Pavement Technologies 20 Long Life Pavement 5 Permeable Pavement 3 Warm Mix Pavement 3 Cool Pavement 5 Quiet Pavement 2-3 Pavement Performance Tracking 1
- 20. 20 Summary Green Rating Metrics Similarities • Stormwater Management • Recycling or Reusing Materials • Local Materials (except for INVEST) Future Trend • Measuring Potential Impacts • Life Cycle Assessments • Environmental Product Declaration • Health Product Declarations Green Rating System Benefits • LEED • Most Well Known • INVEST • No Urban Heat Island credit • ENVISION • Not Prescriptive • Greenroads • Most Pavement Specific Credits
- 21. 21 Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) -- methodology to measure and understand the potential environmental impacts associated with a product
- 22. 22 LCA Framework Defined in ISO 14040 Series Goal and Scope Life Cycle Inventory Interpretation Impact Assessment Source: ISO 14040 Review and Refine
- 23. 23 1. Goal and Scope Definition Goal defines: • What is the aim of the study? • Who is the audience of the study? Scope defines: • Unit • System Boundary
- 24. 24 System Boundaries Asphalt binder manufacture Transportatio n to plant Aggregate production Transportatio n to plant Plant Operations Transportatio n to site Construction Fuels Transportatio n to plant Cradle to Gate
- 25. 25 2. Life Cycle Inventory • Aggregates • Admixtures • Asphalt Binder • Transport Raw Material • Fuel • Water • Equipment Production • Transport • Paving Construction • Vehicle Operation • UHI • Stormwater Runoff • Maintenance/ Workzone congestion Use • Landfill • Recycle End of Life Recycle/Reuse Outputs – Solid Wastes, Emissions to Air, Emissions to Water Inputs – Materials, Energy, Water
- 26. 26 3. Impact Assessment Per ton of HMA Asphalt Aggregates Plant Oper. Transport Const. Total Natural Manuf. Emissions to Air (g/ton) SO2 9.4E+01 ---- ---- 1.7E+00 ---- ---- 9.5E+01 NOx 1.1E+02 1.3E+00 ---- 1.3E+01 4.4E+02 1.5E+02 7.1E+02 CO2 1.5E+04 1.2E+03 ---- 1.7E+04 ---- ---- 3.2E+04 CO 7.3E+00 ---- ---- 6.5E+01 1.9E+03 6.0E+02 2.6E+03 HC 6.8E+01 ---- ---- ---- 1.5E+02 5.0E+01 2.7E+02 Metals not specified 2.3E-01 ---- ---- ---- ---- ---- 2.3E-01 HCI 5.7E-02 ---- ---- ---- ---- ---- 5.7E-02 PM2.5 ---- ---- 5.6E-03 ---- ---- ---- 5.6E-03 PM10 ---- ---- 4.7E+01 3.2E+03 ---- ---- 3.2E+03 Total PM 1.1E+01 8.1E+01 1.6E+02 1.4E+04 4.4E+01 1.9E+00 1.4E+04 CH4 ---- ---- ---- 6.0E+00 ---- ---- 6.0E+00 VOC ---- ---- ---- 1.6E+01 ---- ---- 1.6E+01 Potential Environmental Impact Global Warming Potential Acidification Eutrophication Fossil Fuel Depletion Water Use Criteria Air Pollutants Human Health- Noncancerous Human Health- Cancerous Photochemical Smog Ozone Depletion Terrestrial Toxicity Resource Depletion Land Use Aquatic Toxicity Source: Hassan 2009 • ℎ ℎ ℎ ( ) • Impact Assessment Tool for US • Developed by EPA
- 27. 27 4. Interpretation • Results are Potential Impacts not Actual • Must consider the assumptions made & data limitations • Does not account for technical performance, costs, & many social impacts Interpretation of LCA results and comparisons are not easy!
- 28. 28 Environmental Product Declarations Product Category Rules (PCRs) Rules a product must follow to publish an EPD • Defines Goal and Scope • Sets LCA boundaries • Delineates Acceptable Inventory Data • Identifies Impact Categories • ISO 14025 Environmental Product Declarations (EPDs) Standardized LCA Report defined by Product Category Rules (PCRs) • Fair • Comparable • Third Party Reviewed • Credible • ISO 14025 PCR LCA EPD
- 29. 29 Example EPD Environmental Facts Functional unit: 1 metric ton of asphalt concrete Boundaries: Cradle-to-Gate Company: XYZ Asphalt RAP: 10% Source: PE International, Values are for illustration purposes only.
- 30. 30 Conclusions • Many Sustainable Asphalt Technologies • Growing Public Demand for Sustainability • Tools Available to Measure Sustainability • Green Rating Systems – LEED, Greenroads, Envision, INVEST • LCA • Product Transparency • NOT all LCAs are equal • EPDs are preferred
- 31. 31 Industry Path Forward Environmental Sustainability Pavement Economics Committee • Comprised of SAPAs and Industry Representatives • Identified Project Develop Industry Asphalt Mixture EPD Program • EPD/PCR Technical Working Group will oversee process • Create a PCR for asphalt mixtures • Create a tool for industry to create EPD • Peer Benchmarking
- 32. 32 Strengthen Your Company & The Industry • Expand your staff with direct access to engineering, environmental, health & safety, legislative, and communications professionals • Get ahead of the innovation curve with advance knowledge of new technologies, techniques, and practices that improve product quality and operational efficiency • Protect your investment in your company from competitive and regulatory threats • It costs less than 2 cents a ton www.AsphaltPavement.org/JoinNAPA
- 33. 33
Notes de l'éditeur
- Featured Speaker: "Measuring environmental sustainability"Heather Dylla, P.E., Ph.D., Sustainability Engineer, National Asphalt Pavement Association (NAPA)Learn about the various ways agencies and regulators are measuring the "green" aspects of pavements.will feature a presentation on how to effectively measure environmental sustainability in pavement production and placement.new sustainability engineer, Dr. Heather Dylla, who will discuss various "green" metrics and other sustainable practices.
- THE MAIN TOPICS I WILL COVER TODAY REALLY REFLECT THE MISSION OF NAPA IN 2014. THEY ARE AS FOLLOWS:
- . A sustainable approach looks at access (not just mobility), movement of people and goods (not just vehicles), and provision of transportation choices, such as safe and comfortable routes for walking, bicycling, and transit. Sustainability encapsulates a diversity of concepts as well, including efficient use of funding, incentives for construction quality, regional air quality, climate change considerations, livability, and environmental management systems.
- THE PEC IS SHORT FOR PAVEMENT ECONOMICS COMMITTEE.
- http://dot.ca.gov/hq/tpp/offices/orip/Collaborative%20Planning/Files/CARegionalProgress_2-1-2011.pdfhttp://www.usgbc.org/articles/green-building-factsMcGraw Hill Construction (2010). Green Outlook 2011: Green Trends Driving Growth.AvoidesIndustries opposing product transparency viewed negatively
- http://construction.com/about-us/press/green-building-outlook-strong-for-both-non-residential-and-residential.asphttp://www.dot.ca.gov/newtech/researchreports/preliminary_investigations/docs/caltrans_smart_mobility_preliminary_investigation_3-21-13.pdfhttp://c.ymcdn.com/sites/www.vma.org/resource/resmgr/2013_mow_san_diego/bernstein.pdfhttp://www.ecmag.com/section/your-business/2014-construction-outlook-year-perseverance-and-growthhttp://www.usgbc.org/articles/green-building-factsMcGraw Hill Construction (2010). Green Outlook 2011: Green Trends Driving Growth.
- http://c.ymcdn.com/sites/www.vma.org/resource/resmgr/2013_mow_san_diego/bernstein.pdfhttp://www.ecmag.com/section/your-business/2014-construction-outlook-year-perseverance-and-growth
- http://www.epa.gov/climatechange/ghgemissions/sources/transportation.htmlhttp://climate.dot.gov/about/transportations-role/overview.html
- http://www.sustainablebrands.com/news_and_views/communications/dont-get-greenwashed-how-make-sure-your-eco-friendly-products-are-realFuture Product and Policy Trends Driving Industry Change in Manufacturer Expectations
- THE PEC IS SHORT FOR PAVEMENT ECONOMICS COMMITTEE.
- Cobb County, GASTARS – Portland, OR being used by Santa Cruz County Regional Transportation Council and Monterey Countyhttp://www.gaite.org/wp-content/uploads/2012/07/GAITE-Presentation-Sustainability-July-2012.pdfhttp://www.cenews.com/article/9438/sustainability_rating_systems__broad_based_or_narrowly_focused_
- http://www.cenews.com/article/9438/sustainability_rating_systems__broad_based_or_narrowly_focused_11/110
- THE PEC IS SHORT FOR PAVEMENT ECONOMICS COMMITTEE.
- The procedure to conduct an LCA is defined in the ISO 14000-Environmental Management Standards and is phased approach consisting of 4 phases. The procedures provide a general LCA guidance and are not product or system specific.Review and refine
- Goal of an LCA is to choose the best product, process, or service with the least effect on human health and environmentAim:Compare environmental burdens of process, product, or activityBenchmarkingIdentifying which phases contribute most to environmental impactAudience:InternalExternalScope:Data requirements, assumptions, limitations
- Here is an example of what processes would be typically included in a LCA for hot mix asphalt. The first step of the LCA would be to identify what processes that are to be included in the study and what processes that are not by defining the system boundaries. Here we have identified the system boundaries to include everything in the yellow box. This type of study would be called a cradle-to-gate processes because we are not including the use and end of life, life cycle phases. Everything that is left out of the yellow box would not be included in the scope of the study. Where we define these boundaries significantly impacts our results. Other studies could have decided to include the environmental impact of all of the processes illustrated here, demonstrating why it is difficult to compare LCAs. It is important to note that this is just one aspect of why comparing LCAs is difficult. Differences can also occur from the data you used to estimate the environmental impacts of your upstream processes and also from the environmental impacts that you chose to be included in the study. For example one study may only look at the global warming potential while another is reviewing the acidification potential.As a result, there is movement to use Environmental Product Declarations.
- Specified to use TRACI in concrete PCR
- Must be used in conjunction with other parameters
- http://www.nsf.org/newsroom_pdf/flooring_EPD_template-new.pdf
- THIS PRESENTATION COVERED A LOT OF GROUND. I WOULD LIKE TO CLOSE BY THANKING OUR NAPA MEMBERS FOR THEIR TIME AND TREASURE. THEY KNOW IT WOULD BE IMPOSSIBLE TO DO ANY OF THIS WITHOUT THE SUPPORT OF THE ENTIRE ASPHALT INDUSTRY. NO ONE COPY CAN REPLACE THE WORK OF THE ASSOCIATION ESTABLISHED TO REPRESENT THE INDUSTRY’S INTEREST IN WASHINGTON, DC. LET ME GIVE YOU THREE REASONS WHY COMPANIES JOIN NAPA. 123FOR A COMPANY PRODUCING $100,000 TONS OF MIX, THAT’S A $2,000 INVESTMENT IN YOUR INDUSTRY THE FIRST YEAR. AND IF YOU DON’T THINK ITS WORTH IT, THEN DROP. NO MEMBER HAS EVER LOST A BID BECAUSE OF NAPA DUES. NEVER.